Comparative Analysis of Outcomes Among Patients Initiating Xeljanz in Combination With Oral MTX Who Withdraw MTX Versus Continue MTX

Mean adherence for methotrexate is reported. Adherence was calculated as the total number of days supplied for MTX during the post-index period divided by the number of days from the first claim during the post-index period to the end of the post-index period

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

The mean of the CIRAS score during pre-index period is reported. The CIRAS is based on claims at any time during the 12-month pre-index period, used to measure RA disease severity using 9 measures (age at index, gender, inflammatory marker test ordered, rehabilitation visit, rheumatoid factor test, Felty's syndrome, number of platelet counts ordered, number of chemistry panels ordered, rheumatologist visit). Value of all 9 measure was used to derive the overall CIRAS score which ranges from 0-7.9 with higher value indicating greater severity of RA.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Mean Disease Duration of RA based upon the variable length pre-index period is reported. Disease duration (in days) defined as the number of days from the earliest claim with a diagnosis of RA in the variable length pre-index period until the index date. Variable-length pre-index period defined as the period from the participant's first date of enrollment in the database to the day before the index date. The date of enrollment had to be at least 1 year prior to the index date and depending on the participant could have been as much as maximum of 5.2 years. The index date was the date of the first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years.

Time frame: During variable length pre-index period (1 year before the index date up to 5.2 years)

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Mean MPR for Methotrexate is reported. MPR was calculated as the total days supply of MTX between the first and including the last prescription/administration divided by the time between the first through and including last biologic prescription/administration days supply.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Analysis was performed on MTX persistent participants only and the data for this OM was not planned to be collected and analyzed for MTX Discontinued and MTX Interrupted.

Mean number of bDMARD received during pre-index period is reported. The bDMARD could have been any TNFi, any non-TNFi, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, anakinra, abatacept, tocilizumab or rituximab.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, overall number of participants analyzed signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean number of bDMARD received during variable length pre-index period is reported. The bDMARD could have been any TNFi, any non-TNFi, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, anakinra, abatacept, tocilizumab or rituximab. Variable-length pre-index period defined as the period from the participant's first date of enrollment in the database to the day before the index date. The date of enrollment had to be at least 1 year prior to the index date and depending on the participant could have been as much as maximum of 5.2 years. The index date was the date of the first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years.

Time frame: During variable length pre-index period (1 year before the index date up to 5.2 years)

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, overall number of participants analyzed signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean number of days from the index date to the first NSAIDs claim during post index period are reported.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, overall number of participants analyzed signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean number of days from the index date to the first opioid claim during post index period are reported.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, overall number of participants analyzed signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean number of NB-DMARD received during pre-index period is reported. The NB-DMARD could have been hydroxychloroquine, MTX oral, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, chloroquine, cyclosporine, thalidomide, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, auranofin, aurothioglucose, gold sodium thiomalate, penicillamine, tacrolimus or minocycline.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, overall number of participants analyzed signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean number of NB-DMARD received during variable length pre-index period is reported. The NB-DMARD could have been hydroxychloroquine, MTX oral, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, chloroquine, cyclosporine, thalidomide, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, auranofin, aurothioglucose, gold sodium thiomalate, penicillamine, tacrolimus or minocycline. Variable-length pre-index period defined as the period from the participant's first date of enrollment in the database to the day before the index date. The date of enrollment had to be at least 1 year prior to the index date and depending on the participant could have been as much as maximum of 5.2 years. The index date was the date of the first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years.

Time frame: During variable length pre-index period (1 year before the index date up to 5.2 years)

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, overall number of participants analyzed signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

The mean number of pharmacy claims for NSAIDs during the post-index period are reported. A pharmacy claim is defined as a claim made by participants to their insurance provider in purchasing NSAIDs from their pharmacy.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, overall number of participants analyzed signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

The mean number of pharmacy claims for NSAIDs during the pre-index period are reported. A pharmacy claim is defined as a claim made by participants to their insurance provider in purchasing NSAIDs from their pharmacy.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, overall number of participants analyzed signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

The mean number of pharmacy claims for opioids during the post-index period are reported. A pharmacy claim is defined as a claim made by participants to their insurance provider in purchasing opioids from their pharmacy.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, overall number of participants analyzed signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

The mean number of pharmacy claims for opioids during the pre-index period are reported. A pharmacy claim is defined as a claim made by participants to their insurance provider in purchasing opioids from their pharmacy.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, overall number of participants analyzed signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean number of visits to a rheumatologist during pre-index period is reported. A visit is referring to out-patient visit specifically to a rheumatologist.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, overall number of participants analyzed signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean number of visits to rheumatologist during the variable-length pre-index period is reported. A visit is referring to out-patient visit specifically to a rheumatologist. Variable-length pre-index period defined as the period from the participant's first date of enrollment in the database to the day before the index date. The date of enrollment had to be at least 1 year prior to the index date and depending on the participant could have been as much as maximum of 5.2 years. The index date was the date of the first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years.

Time frame: During variable length pre-index period (1 year before the index date up to 5.2 years)

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, overall number of participants analyzed signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean out of pocket health care costs for healthcare services during pre-index period is reported. It is categorized as: All causes and RA related. All cause consisted of money spent by participants on all health care services (pharmacy, medical \[ambulatory, emergency department and inpatient admission\]). RA related signifies money spent by participants on health care services for RA.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Mean out of pocket health care costs for healthcare services during variable length pre-index period is reported. It is categorized as: All causes and RA related. All cause consisted of money spent by participants on all health care services (pharmacy, medical \[ambulatory, emergency department and inpatient admission\]). RA related signifies one spent by participants on health care services for RA. Variable-length pre-index period defined as the period from the participant's first date of enrollment in the database to the day before the index date. The date of enrollment had to be at least 1 year prior to the index date and depending on the participant could have been as much as maximum of 5.2 years. The index date was the date of the first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years.

Time frame: During variable length pre-index period (1 year before the index date up to 5.2 years)

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

The mean Quan-Charlson Comorbidity Score during the Pre-Index Period is reported. Quan-Charlson Comorbidity Score predicts the probability of death within one year in participants and was based on the presence of any diagnosis codes on medical claims at any time during the 12-month pre-index period, based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnosis codes. Total score ranges from 0 to 9.0. A score of zero indicates that no comorbidities were found. The higher the score, the more likely the predicted outcome could result in mortality or higher healthcare resource utilization.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Mean total dose of oral corticosteroids during post-index period is reported. The total dose is expressed as a prednisone-equivalent dose of the oral corticosteroids used.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, overall number of participants analyzed signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean total dose of oral corticosteroids during pre-index period is reported. The total dose is expressed as a prednisone-equivalent dose of the oral corticosteroids used.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, overall number of participants analyzed signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean total health care cost all cause during pre-index period is reported. All cause refers to cost spent due to all comorbidities including RA and calculated as the total of pharmacy cost (home healthcare cost, urgent care cost and other medical services costs) and medical cost (ambulatory cost, emergency department visits cost, inpatient admission cost and other costs).

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Mean total health care cost due to all cause during post-index period is reported. All cause refers to cost spent due to all comorbidities, including RA and calculated as the total of pharmacy cost (cost of home healthcare cost, urgent care cost and other medical services costs) and medical cost (cost of ambulatory cost, emergency department visits cost, inpatient admission cost and other costs).

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

RA related healthcare cost refers to cost spent due to RA alone and was calculated as the total of treatment cost (cost of tofacitinib, biologic DMARDs, NB-DMARDs and administration of IV biologics) and medical cost (ambulatory cost, emergency department visits cost, inpatient admission cost, home health care cost, urgent care cost and other medical services cost).

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

RA related healthcare cost refers to cost spent due to RA alone and was calculated as the total of treatment cost (cost of tofacitinib, biologic DMARDs, NB-DMARDs and administration of intravenous (IV) biologics) and medical cost (cost of ambulatory cost, emergency department visits cost, inpatient admission cost, home health care cost, urgent care cost and other medical services cost).

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Treatment persistence with tofacitinib was defined as not having a gap in therapy of at least 60 days between prescription re-fills of tofacitinib.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants covered by type of insurance is reported. There were two types of insurance: 1) a private insurance plan, that is, one purchased by the participants, commercially available; 2) employer-provided insurance plan, that is, the participant's employer provided the insurance.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants enrolled in the study per geographic region of the United States (northeast; north central; south; west; unknown) is reported.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Medication effectiveness criteria categorized as: 1) adherence to index medication, 2) no dose escalation for index medication, 3) no switch from index medication, 4) no addition of NB-DMARD, 5) criteria for oral glucocorticoids, 6) use of Injectable glucocorticoids. Adherence to index medication was defined as at least 30 days continuous supply of tofacitinib during post-index period.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Medication effectiveness criteria categorized as: 1) adherence to index medication, 2) no dose escalation for index medication, 3) no switch from index medication, 4) no addition of NB-DMARD, 5) criteria for oral glucocorticoids, 6) use of Injectable glucocorticoids. Medication effectiveness criteria for oral glucocorticoids was defined as either of the following: 1) Participants cannot receive oral glucocorticoids for \> 30 days between (index date +91 days) to (index date + 359 days); 2) No increase in oral glucocorticoid dose during months 6-12 after index date.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Medication effectiveness criteria categorized as: 1) adherence to index medication, 2) no dose escalation for index medication, 3) no switch from index medication, 4) no addition of NB-DMARD, 5) criteria for oral glucocorticoids, 6) use of Injectable glucocorticoids. No addition of NB-DMARD was defined as no addition of new NB-DMARD to index therapy during post-index period.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Medication effectiveness criteria categorized as: 1) adherence to index medication, 2) no dose escalation for index medication, 3) no switch from index medication, 4) no addition of NB-DMARD, 5) criteria for oral glucocorticoids, 6) use of Injectable glucocorticoids. No dose escalation for index medication was defined as no increase in dose for index medication compared to the starting dose during post-index period.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Medication effectiveness criteria categorized as: 1) adherence to index medication, 2) no dose escalation for index medication, 3) no switch from index medication, 4) no addition of NB-DMARD, 5) criteria for oral glucocorticoids, 6) use of Injectable glucocorticoids. No switch from index medication was defined as no switching from the index medication to a (different) biologic agent during post-index period.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Medication effectiveness criteria categorized as: 1) adherence to index medication, 2) no dose escalation for index medication, 3) no switch from index medication, 4) no addition of NB-DMARD, 5) criteria for oral glucocorticoids, 6) use of Injectable glucocorticoids. Use of Injectable glucocorticoids was defined as maximum one parenteral or intra-articular glucocorticoid joint injection use after the participant had been on biologic treatment for \>3 months post index date (\[index date +91 days\] to \[index date +359 days\]).

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants who re-started tofacitinib (after considered as non-persistence with the tofacitinib) after discontinuation at any time during post-index period is reported.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, overall number of participants analyzed signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Number of participants who switched from index medication (tofacitinib) to a biologic at any time during post-index period is reported.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants who used additional NB-DMARD during post index period is reported. Additional NB-DMARD use could have been leflunomide, sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants who used at least one NSAID during pre-index period are reported.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants who used at least one NSAID during the post-index period are reported.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants who used NSAIDs during tofacitinib persistency and post-persistency are reported. Persistence for participants is defined as the period of treatment with tofacitinib. Post persistence refers to switching to another medication from tofacitinib; or discontinuing tofacitinib either permanently or for a gap in time \>60 days before restarting.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants who used at least one opioid during the post-index period are reported.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants who used at least one opioid during pre-index period are reported.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants who used opioids during tofacitinib persistency and post-persistency are reported. Persistence for participants is defined as the period of treatment with tofacitinib. Post persistence refers to switching to another medication from tofacitinib; or discontinuing tofacitinib either permanently or for a gap in time \>60 days before restarting.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

The number of participants who used at least one oral corticosteroid during the post-index period is reported.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

The number of participants who used at least one oral corticosteroid during the pre-index period is reported.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with 25 most common medications use during the pre-index period are reported. The 25 most medications: 1) MTX sodium, 2) folic acid, 3) prednisone, 4) acetaminophen/hydrocodone bitartrate, 5) azithromycin, 6) adalimumab, 7) hydroxychloroquine sulfate, 8) etanercept, 9) levothyroxine sodium, 10) methylprednisolone, 11) omeprazole, 12) tramadol hydrochloride, 13) meloxicam, 14) amoxicillin, 15) albuterol sulfate, 16) gabapentin, 17) acetaminophen/oxycodone hydrochloride, 18) amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium, 19) cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, 20) fluticasone propionate, 21) ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, 22) duloxetine hydrochloride, 23) atorvastatin calcium, 24) diclofenac sodium, 25) levofloxacin. A participant could have received \>=1 most common medication.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with 26 most common medications use during the post-index period are reported. The 26 most common medications: 1) MTX sodium, 2) folic acid, 3) prednisone, 4) acetaminophen/hydrocodone bitartrate, 5) azithromycin, 6) adalimumab, 7) hydroxychloroquine sulfate, 8) etanercept, 9) levothyroxine sodium, 10) methylprednisolone, 11) omeprazole, 12) tramadol hydrochloride, 13) meloxicam, 14) amoxicillin, 15) albuterol sulfate, 16) gabapentin, 17) acetaminophen/oxycodone hydrochloride, 18) amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium, 19) cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, 20) fluticasone propionate, 21) ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, 22) duloxetine hydrochloride, 23) diclofenac Sodium, 24) levofloxacin, 25) cephalexin, 26) ibuprofen. A participant could have received \>=1 most common medication.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. p-value could not be calculated between reporting groups for specified rows with 100% response.

Number of participants with at least one ambulatory visit that was due to all cause during the post-index period is reported. All cause refers to ambulatory visits due to all comorbidities, including RA.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with at least one ambulatory visit that was due to all cause during the pre-index period is reported. All cause refers to ambulatory visits due to all comorbidities, including RA.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with at least one emergency department visits that was due to all cause during the post-index period is reported. All cause refers to emergency department visits due to all comorbidities, including RA.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with at least one emergency department visits that was due to all cause during the pre-index period is reported. All cause refers to emergency visits due to all comorbidities, including RA.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with at least one inpatient admissions that was due to all cause during the post-index period is reported. All cause refers to inpatient admissions due to all comorbidities, including RA.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with at least one inpatient admissions that was due to all cause during the pre-index period is reported. All cause refers to inpatient admission due to all comorbidities, including RA.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of Participants with use of at least one bDMARD during pre-index period is reported. The bDMARD could have been any tumor-necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (TNFi), any non-TNFi, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, anakinra, abatacept, tocilizumab or rituximab.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of Participants with use of at least one bDMARD during variable length pre-index period is reported. The bDMARD could have been any TNFi, any non-TNFi, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, anakinra, abatacept, tocilizumab or rituximab. Variable-length pre-index period defined as the period from the participant's first date of enrollment in the database to the day before the index date. The date of enrollment had to be at least 1 year prior to the index date and depending on the participant, could have been as much as maximum of 5.2 years. The index date was the date of the first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years.

Time frame: During variable length pre-index period (1 year before the index date up to 5.2 years)

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with at least one of comorbidity of interest during pre-index period is reported. The comorbidities of interest included cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), asthma, kidney disease, diabetes, depression, anxiety, liver disease, sleep disorders. A participant could have \>1 comorbidity of interest.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of Participants with NB-DMARD use during pre-index period is reported. The NB-DMARD could have been hydroxychloroquine, MTX oral, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, chloroquine, cyclosporine, thalidomide, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, auranofin, aurothioglucose, gold sodium thiomalate, penicillamine, tacrolimus or minocycline.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of Participants with NB-MARD use during variable length pre-index period is reported. The NB-DMARD could have been hydroxychloroquine, MTX oral, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, chloroquine, cyclosporine, thalidomide, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, auranofin, aurothioglucose, gold sodium thiomalate, penicillamine, tacrolimus or minocycline. Variable-length pre-index period defined as the period from the participant's first date of enrollment in the database to the day before the index date. The date of enrollment had to be at least 1 year prior to the index date and depending on the participant could have been as much as maximum of 5.2 years. The index date was the date of the first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years.

Time frame: During variable length pre-index period (1 year before the index date up to 5.2 years)

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. p-value could not be calculated for reporting groups with 100% response.

Non-persistence was defined as the gap of at least 60 days in treatment with the index medication (tofacitinib) or switching to other biologic.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with post-persistence treatment patterns is reported. Post-persistence was categorized as: 1) switch immediately (if participants initiated a non-index biologic before a 60-day gap in treatment is observed for the index medication); 2) discontinue then restart (if there was a gap in the index therapy of at least 60 days and the first medication observed after the gap is the index medication); 3) discontinue then switch ( if there was a gap in the index therapy of at least 60 days and the first medication observed after the gap is a biologic \[including Tofacitinib\] different from index medication), 4) discontinue without switch or restart (if participant's had a gap in therapy of at least 60 days and there are no claims for either the index medication or a different biologic for the remaining observation period).

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with at least one of the RA-related ambulatory visits during the post-index period is reported. RA related refers to ambulatory visits due to RA.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study

Number of participants with at least one ambulatory visit that was due to RA during the pre-index period is reported. RA related refers to ambulatory visits due to RA.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. p-value could not be calculated for reporting groups with 100% response.

Number of participants with at least one of the RA-related emergency department visit during the post-index period is reported. RA related refers to emergency department visits due to RA.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study

Number of participants with at least one emergency department visits that was due to RA during the pre-index period is reported. RA related refers to emergency department visits due to RA.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with at least one of an RA-related inpatient admission during the post-index period is reported. RA related refers to inpatient admissions due to RA.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study

Number of participants with at least one inpatient admissions that was due to RA during the pre-index period is reported. RA related refers to inpatient admission due to RA.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Top 25 comorbid conditions: 1) rheumatoid arthritis/related disease, 2)other aftercare, 3)other connective tissue disease, 4)other non-traumatic joint disorders, 5)medical examination/evaluation, 6) other suspected conditions(other miscellaneous conditions other than mental disorders/infectious disease), 7)immunizations/screening for infectious disease, 8)osteoarthritis, 9)essential hypertension, 10) residual codes: unclassified, 11)disorders of lipid metabolism, 12)back problems, 13)other upper respiratory infections, 14)other lower respiratory disease, 15)other nervous system disorders, 16)other skin disorders, 17)thyroid disorders, 18)other bone disease/musculoskeletal deformities, 19) malaise/fatigue, 20)esophageal disorders, 21)nutritional deficiencies, 22)other nutritional: endocrine, metabolic disorders, 23)diabetes mellitus without complication, 24)other/unspecified benign neoplasm, 25)Other upper respiratory disease. A participant could have had \>=1 comorbidity.

Time frame: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Top 25 comorbid conditions: 1) rheumatoid arthritis/related disease, 2)other aftercare, 3)other connective tissue disease, 4)other non-traumatic joint disorders, 5)medical examination/evaluation, 6) other suspected conditions(other miscellaneous conditions other than mental disorders/infectious disease), 7)immunizations/screening for infectious disease, 8)osteoarthritis, 9)essential hypertension, 10) residual codes: unclassified, 11)disorders of lipid metabolism, 12)back problems, 13)other upper respiratory infections, 14)other lower respiratory disease, 15)other nervous system disorders, 16)other skin disorders, 17)thyroid disorders, 18)other bone disease/musculoskeletal deformities, 19) malaise/fatigue, 20)esophageal disorders, 21)nutritional deficiencies, 22)other nutritional: endocrine, metabolic disorders, 23)diabetes mellitus without complication, 24)other/unspecified benign neoplasm, 25)genitourinary symptoms/ill-defined conditions. A participant could have had \>=1 comorbidity.

Time frame: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. p-value could not be calculated between reporting groups for specified rows with 100% response.

Mean total monthly health care cost due to all cause is reported. All cause refers to cost spent due to all comorbidities, including RA and calculated as the total of pharmacy cost (cost of home healthcare cost, urgent care cost and other medical services costs) and medical cost (cost of ambulatory cost, emergency department visits cost, inpatient admission cost and other costs). Total all cause monthly health care cost is reported for every month from 12 months duration before index date (pre-index period) to 12 months duration post index date (post index period). Index date is defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years.

Time frame: During pre-index period (at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 months before index date) and post index period (at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 month post index date)

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.