Anemia, Gestational Diabetes, Pre-Eclampsia
Conditions
Keywords
Digital health, Gestational Diabetes, Hypertension, Pre-Eclampsia
Brief summary
Background: Pregnancy-related conditions including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) carry independent risks for future cardiovascular disease in women. Early identification, referral and management of pregnant women at increased risk of future cardiometabolic disorders may offer opportunities for prevention. Objective: To determine the feasibility and acceptability of the SMARThealth Pregnancy intervention to improve the detection, referral and management of pregnant women at high-risk of future cardiometabolic disorders in rural India. Study design: Cluster randomised pilot study of 4 primary care centres (PHCs) in two diverse areas of rural India. Outcome: The primary objective of this pilot study is to address the feasibility of the SMARThealth Pregnancy intervention.
Detailed description
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women in India, and the prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders is rising. Women in rural India (where two-thirds of the population live), are particularly vulnerable due to limited knowledge and healthcare access. Pregnancy-related conditions including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) carry independent risks for future cardiovascular disease in women. Early identification, referral and management of pregnant women at increased risk of future cardiometabolic disorders may offer opportunities for prevention. Innovative solutions are required to address the needs of rural women, particularly during the transitions between antenatal and postpartum care and adult health services. Objective: To determine the feasibility and acceptability of the SMARThealth Pregnancy intervention to improve the detection, referral and management of pregnant women at high-risk of future cardiometabolic disorders in rural India. Study design: This is a pilot study, using an un-blinded, parallel group, cluster randomised controlled study design. Study Sites: Jhajjar District, Haryana and Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Primary outcome: The primary objective of this pilot study is to address the uncertainties around feasibility: (i) how many PHCs accepted the invitation to participate in a trial; (ii) whether the intervention is feasible with respect to participant recruitment rates, (iii) retention of pregnant women in the trial to 6 weeks postpartum; (iv) acceptability and feasibility of outcomes measures (to measure the efficacy within a definitive trial); (v) fidelity to the study protocol. Secondary outcomes include: (i) Acceptability of the intervention. (ii) Process evaluation measures including rates of detection, referral and follow-up of high-risk pregnant women. (iii) Clinical outcomes of mean haemoglobin and mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures at 6 weeks postpartum. Randomisation: Cluster randomisation will be conducted at the level of the PHC. Staff related to each PHC will be allocated to either intervention or control groups. The study will recruit 200 pregnant women across all 4 PHC clusters; 100 CHWs (known as ASHAs and ANMs) and; up to 8 Primary Care Physicians (affiliated to the PHC clusters). The villages selected under each intervention and control PHC will be non-contiguous to avoid contamination.
Interventions
Education and Training package on high-risk pregnancies and the associated long-term cardiometabolic risks; An mHealth platform providing mobile decision support to Community Health Workers.
Sponsors
The George Institute
University of Oxford
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Intervention group cluster will use the SMARThealth Pregnancy training package and mHealth platform. The Control group will have enhanced standard antenatal and postnatal care.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Primary Health Centre cluster: Inclusion Criteria: * PHC serving population of greater than 30,000 people. * Administrative lead for PHC consents for the PHC to participate in the study.
Exclusion criteria
* Administrative lead does not give consent for the PHC to participate in the study. Pregnant women: Inclusion Criteria: * Age above 18 years. * Participant is recruited between 28-36 weeks gestation. * Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study AND is: * Living in the villages affiliated to the PHC included in the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Recruitment rate | 12 months | Number of eligible pregnant women successfully recruited to study in 12 months. |
| Retention rate | 12 months | Number of eligible participants who remain in study for entire duration up to and including the 6 week postpartum visit. |
| Number of home visits completed by Community Health Worker | 12 months | Number of home visits completed by Community Health Worker using the SMARThealth Pregnancy mHealth platform in line with study protocol. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of pregnant women diagnosed with severe anaemia. | 12 months | Number of participants diagnosed with severe anaemia (haemoglobin of \<7g/dL) during pregnancy, in accordance with Government of India guidelines for Anaemia, 2018. |
| Mean postpartum haemoglobin | 12 months | Haemoglobin values of postpartum women measured at 6 weeks postpartum. |
| Number of pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes. | 12 months | Number of participants correctly diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus using antenatal oral glucose tolerance test, in accordance with Government of India guidelines for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, 2018. |
| Mean postpartum Diastolic Blood Pressure | 12 months | Diastolic blood pressure of postpartum women measured at 6 weeks postpartum. |
| Mean postpartum Systolic Blood Pressure | 12 months | Systolic blood pressure of postpartum women measured at 6 weeks postpartum. |
| Postpartum follow-up of pregnant women with gestational diabetes | 18 months | Number of participants diagnosed with gestational diabetes who received postnatal 6 week oral glucose tolerance test, in accordance with Government of India guidelines for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, 2018. |
| Number of pregnant women diagnosed with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. | 12 months | Number of participants diagnosed with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy using International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy (ISSHP) criteria. |
Countries
India
Outcome results
None listed