History of Suicide Attempt
Conditions
Keywords
Stigma, Suicide attempt survivor, Secrecy, Group intervention, Disclosure
Brief summary
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the group-based intervention To Share Or Not To Share in a German clinical setting. Feasibility and efficacy of the program will be tested in a pilot randomized-controlled trial.
Detailed description
People who have survived a suicide attempt often face public and self-stigma, and secrecy is a common strategy to minimize the risk of being labeled. Both secrecy and disclosure have pros and cons. The decision whether, when, and to whom to disclose a previous suicide attempt is complex. Interventions can provide guidance for systematic consideration and a well informed decision. Potentially, it may not be disclosure itself, but the empowered decision for or against disclosure of a previous suicide attempt that reduces distress and leads to beneficial outcomes. The manualized peer-led group intervention Honest, Open, Proud (HOP) supports people with mental illness in their decision whether to disclose mental illness. Research showed positive effects of the intervention on stigma stress, disclosure-related distress and quality of life. Based on HOP, To Share Or Not To Share (2Share) was developed to systematically guide suicide attempt survivors through their decision whether and how to disclose a previous suicide attempt. 2Share led to significant reductions in self-stigma and depressive symptoms, as well as increased self-esteem in a recent pilot randomized-controlled trial (RCT) in the US. The aim of the current study is to evaluate 2Share in a German clinical setting. Feasibility and efficacy of 2 Share will be tested in a pilot RCT.
Interventions
BEHAVIORAL2Share
The peer-led group program contains of three lessons plus one booster session: * Lesson 1: Consider the pros and cons of disclosing: Participants reflect on their experience of self-stigma and weigh their pros and cons of (non-)disclosing a suicide attempt. * Lesson 2: Different ways to disclose: Participants learn about the different ways to disclose and their respective pros and cons. Afterwards participants develop strategies to choose a person to disclose to, and discuss possible responses they might experience. * Lesson 3: Telling your story: Participants learn how to tell their own story. * In a booster session, participants will discuss their experiences with disclosure or non-disclosure.
Sponsors
University of Ulm
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Current inpatient, outpatient or day clinical treatment at the Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Germany * Age ≥ 18 years * At least one previous suicide attempt * Positive screening for disclosure distress (1 item: In general, how distressed or worried are you in terms of secrecy or disclosure of your suicide attempt?, self-report, persons with a score ≥ 4 on a scale from 1-7 are included) * Written informed consent * Sufficient German language skills
Exclusion criteria
* Current suicidality (1 item: Have you had thoughts that you would be better off dead for at least several days during the last week?, self-report, persons responding with yes will be excluded and will be offered support) * Suicide attempt within the last four weeks * Dementia or organic disease (ICD-10: F0) * Primary substance dependence (ICD-10: F1x.2)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Self-stigma related to suicide attempt | 2 weeks | Self-Stigma of Suicide Attempt Survivor Scale (SSSAS), 14-item apply subscale (Sheehan et al, 2018); each item is rated from 1-9, we will calculate a sum score accross all items (range 9-126) with higher scores indicating more self-stigma. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Self-Stigma (alienation) related to suicide attempt | baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks | Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale (ISMI), 6-item alienation subscale (Ritsher et al. 2003) adapted for suicide attempt, 6 items rated from 1-4, we will calculate a mean score accross all items (range: 1-6) with higher scores indicating more self-stigma. |
| Stigma stress related to suicide attempt | baseline, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks | Stigma Stress Scale (Rüsch et al., 2009a,b) adapted for suicide attempt, 8-items rated from 1-7 with 4 items measuring the primary appraisal of stigma as harmful and 4 items measuring the secondary appraisal of perceived resources to cope with stigma-related harm, for each of the two subscales we will calculate a mean score (range 1-7) and a total stigma stress score will be caclulated by subtracting perceived resources from perceived harm with higher difference scores (range -6 to +6) indicating more stigma-stress. |
| Secrecy about suicide attempt | baseline, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks | Secrecy Scale (Link et al., 1991) adapted for suicide attempt, 5 items rated from 1-6, we will calculate a mean score accross all items (range 1-6) with higher scores indicating more secrecy. |
| General disclosure distress | baseline, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks | Distress Disclosure Index (Kahn et al., 2001), 12 items rated from 1-5, we will calculate a sum score accross all items (range 12-60) with higher scores indicating more disclosure distress. |
| Help-seeking for suicidality | baseline, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks | General Help-Seeking Questionnaire - suicidal ideation subscale (GHSQ-SI) (Wilson et al., 2005), 10 items rated from 1-7, we will calculate mean scores (range 1-7) for items related to social contacts (items 1-4) and care providers (items 5,7,10). |
| Self-stigma related to suicide attempt | baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks | Self-Stigma of Suicide Attempt Survivor Scale (SSSAS), 14-item apply subscale (Sheehan et al, 2018); each item is rated from 1-9, we will calculate a sum score accross all items (range 9-126) with higher scores indicating more self-stigma. |
| Suicidal ideation | baseline, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks | Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS) (Spijker et al., 2014), 5 items rated from 0-10, we will calculate a total sum score accross all items (range 0-50) with higher scores indicating more suicidality. |
| Recovery | baseline, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks | Recovery Assessment Scale - short version (RAS-G) (Corrigan et al., 2004), 24 items rated from 1-5, we will calculate a mean score accross all items (range 1-5) with higher scores indicating more recovery. |
| Self-esteem | baseline, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks | Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) (Collani et al., 2003), 10 items rated from 0-3, we will caculate a sum score accross all items (range 0-30) with higher scores indicating more self-esteem. |
| Quality of life | baseline, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks | EUROHIS Quality of Life Index (EUROHIS-QOL) (Brähler et al., 2007), 8 items rated from 1-5, we will calculate a sum score accross all items (range 8-40) with higher scores indicating more quality of life. |
| Depressive symptoms | baseline, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks | Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale - short form (CES-D) (Hautzinger et al., 1993), 15 items rated from 0-3, we will calculate a sum score accross all items (range 0-45) with higher scores indicating more depressive symptoms. |
Countries
Germany
Outcome results
None listed