Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Cancer
Conditions
Keywords
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Cancer, Treatment-naïve, Venetoclax, Azacitidine, Decitabine, Outpatient setting
Brief summary
A study evaluating the effectiveness and safety of venetoclax, in combination with azacitidine or decitabine, in an outpatient setting for treatment-naïve participants with AML who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy.
Interventions
DRUGVenetoclax
Venetoclax tablets were to be taken orally once daily with a meal and water in the morning at approximately the same time each day. Tablets were to be swallowed whole and not chewed, crushed, or broken prior to swallowing. On the days that the participant received either azacitidine or decitabine, venetoclax was dosed in clinic and administered prior to these agents.
DRUGAzacitidine
The azacitidine infusion was prepared and administered per the package insert and given either subcutaneously or intravenously, per institutional practice.
DRUGDecitabine
The decitabine infusion was prepared and administered per the package insert and given intravenously, per institutional practice.
Sponsors
AbbVie
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
12 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Participant has confirmation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by World Health Organization (WHO) criteria * Participant is deemed by the investigator to be an appropriate candidate for outpatient ramp-up of venetoclax * Participant is not eligible to receive treatment with standard cytarabine and anthracycline induction regimens * Participant has not received prior treatment for AML (treatment naïve) with the exception of hydroxyurea * Participant has no evidence of spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) at Screening * Participant can have progressed from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or be considered to have secondary AML and could have been treated with growth factors or other agents with the exception of hypomethylating agents * Participant has adequate kidney, liver, and hematology laboratory values as detailed in the protocol * Has an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance status of 0 to 3
Exclusion criteria
Has a history of the following conditions: * Acute promyelocytic leukemia * Known active central nervous system involvement with AML * Positive for HIV (HIV testing is not required) * Positive for hepatitis B or C infection with the exception of those with an undetectable viral load within 3 months * Cardiovascular disability status of New York Heart Association Class \> 2 * Chronic respiratory disease that requires continuous oxygen or any other medical condition that in the opinion of the investigator would adversely affect his/her participating in this study * Malabsorption syndrome or other condition that precludes enteral route of administration Has a history of other malignancies within 2 years prior to study entry, with the exception of: * Adequately treated in situ carcinoma of the cervix uteri or carcinoma in situ of breast * Basal cell carcinoma of the skin or localized squamous cell carcinoma of the skin * Previous malignancy confined and surgically resected (or treated with other modalities) with curative intent
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants With Complete Remission or Complete Remission With Incomplete Blood Count Recovery (CR + CRi) | Assessed at Cycle 1 end, at Cycle 2 end if CR/CRi wasn't achieved at Cycle 1 end, or Cycle 4 end if CR/CRi wasn't achieved at Cycle 2 end. Median treatment duration of venetoclax was 16.1 wks (range 3.9-38.1) and 21.1 wks (range 2.7-40.4), respectively. | The composite complete remission rate is defined as the percentage of participants with complete remission (CR) or complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) at any time during the study as assessed by the investigator. Response was based on bone marrow results and hematology values according to the modified International Working Group (IWG) criteria for AML: CR: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 10\^3/μL (1,000/μL), platelets \> 10\^5/μL (100,000/μL), red blood cell (RBC) transfusion independence, and bone marrow with \< 5% blasts CRi: Bone marrow with \< 5% blasts, and absolute neutrophils of ≤ 10\^3/μL or platelets ≤ 10\^5/μL |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants With Complete Remission (CR) | Assessed at Cycle 1 end, at Cycle 2 end if CR/CRi wasn't achieved at Cycle 1 end, or Cycle 4 end if CR/CRi wasn't achieved at Cycle 2 end. Median treatment duration of venetoclax was 16.1 wks (range 3.9-38.1) and 21.1 wks (range 2.7-40.4), respectively. | The complete remission rate is defined as the percentage of participants with complete remission (CR) at any time during the study as assessed by the investigator. Response was based on bone marrow results and hematology values according to the modified International Working Group (IWG) criteria for AML: CR: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 10\^3/μL (1,000/μL), platelets \> 10\^5/μL (100,000/μL), red blood cell (RBC) transfusion independence, and bone marrow with \< 5% blasts |
| Percentage of Participants With Complete Remission With Incomplete Blood Count Recovery (CRi) | Assessed at Cycle 1 end, at Cycle 2 end if CR/CRi wasn't achieved at Cycle 1 end, or Cycle 4 end if CR/CRi wasn't achieved at Cycle 2 end. Median treatment duration of venetoclax was 16.1 wks (range 3.9-38.1) and 21.1 wks (range 2.7-40.4), respectively. | The complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery rate is defined as the percentage of participants with complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) at any time during the study as assessed by the investigator. Response was based on bone marrow results and hematology values according to the modified International Working Group (IWG) criteria for AML: CRi: Bone marrow with \< 5% blasts, and absolute neutrophils of ≤ 10\^3/μL or platelets ≤ 10\^5/μL. |
| Percentage of Participants With Post-baseline Transfusion Independence | From the first dose of study drug to the last dose of study drug +30 days, or death, or initiation of post-treatment therapy, whichever occurred earliest. Median time on follow-up was 183.5 days and 195.0 days, respectively. | The transfusion independence rate is defined as the percentage of participants with post-baseline transfusion independence, which is defined as a period of at least 56 days with no transfusion after the first dose of study drug and within 30 days of the last dose of study drug, death, or initiation of post-treatment therapy, whichever is earliest. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
All participants who received at least one dose of venetoclax and azacitidine or decitabine; this study disposition represents the primary reason for venetoclax discontinuation
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Venetoclax 400 mg + Azacitidine 75 mg Participants received venetoclax orally daily for 28-day cycles, for a maximum of 6 cycles, beginning on Cycle 1 Day 1. The venetoclax dosing ramp-up schedule was 100 mg on Cycle 1 Day 1, 200 mg on Cycle 1 Day 2, and 400 mg on Cycle 1 Days 3 -28 and 400 mg daily for each 28-day cycle thereafter. Azacitidine (75 mg/m\^2) was administered subcutaneously or intravenously per investigator's choice and institutional practice for 7 days beginning on Day 1 of each 28-day cycle. | 30 |
| Venetoclax 400 mg + Decitabine 20 mg Participants received venetoclax orally daily for 28-day cycles, for a maximum of 6 cycles, beginning on Cycle 1 Day 1. The venetoclax dosing ramp-up schedule was 100 mg on Cycle 1 Day 1, 200 mg on Cycle 1 Day 2, and 400 mg on Cycle 1 Days 3 -28 and 400 mg daily for each 28-day cycle thereafter. Decitabine (20 mg/m\^2) was administered intravenously per investigator's choice and institutional practice for 5 days beginning on Day 1 of each cycle. | 30 |
| Total | 60 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Adverse Event | 1 | 8 |
| Overall Study | Death | 3 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Lack of Efficacy | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Other, not specified | 2 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Physician Decision | 9 | 2 |
| Overall Study | Progressive disease | 7 | 3 |
| Overall Study | Withdrew consent | 1 | 3 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Venetoclax 400 mg + Azacitidine 75 mg | Venetoclax 400 mg + Decitabine 20 mg | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 77.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.31 | 76.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.35 | 76.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.29 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Black or African American | 4 Participants | 1 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized White | 26 Participants | 29 Participants | 55 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 15 Participants | 16 Participants | 31 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 15 Participants | 14 Participants | 29 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 5 / 30 | 8 / 30 | 13 / 60 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 29 / 30 | 30 / 30 | 59 / 60 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 19 / 30 | 22 / 30 | 41 / 60 |
Outcome results
Primary
Percentage of Participants With Complete Remission or Complete Remission With Incomplete Blood Count Recovery (CR + CRi)
The composite complete remission rate is defined as the percentage of participants with complete remission (CR) or complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) at any time during the study as assessed by the investigator. Response was based on bone marrow results and hematology values according to the modified International Working Group (IWG) criteria for AML: CR: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 10\^3/μL (1,000/μL), platelets \> 10\^5/μL (100,000/μL), red blood cell (RBC) transfusion independence, and bone marrow with \< 5% blasts CRi: Bone marrow with \< 5% blasts, and absolute neutrophils of ≤ 10\^3/μL or platelets ≤ 10\^5/μL
Time frame: Assessed at Cycle 1 end, at Cycle 2 end if CR/CRi wasn't achieved at Cycle 1 end, or Cycle 4 end if CR/CRi wasn't achieved at Cycle 2 end. Median treatment duration of venetoclax was 16.1 wks (range 3.9-38.1) and 21.1 wks (range 2.7-40.4), respectively.
Population: All participants who received at least one dose of venetoclax and azacitidine or decitabine
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Venetoclax 400 mg + Azacitidine 75 mg | Percentage of Participants With Complete Remission or Complete Remission With Incomplete Blood Count Recovery (CR + CRi) | 70.0 percentage of participants |
| Venetoclax 400 mg + Decitabine 20 mg | Percentage of Participants With Complete Remission or Complete Remission With Incomplete Blood Count Recovery (CR + CRi) | 63.3 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With Complete Remission (CR)
The complete remission rate is defined as the percentage of participants with complete remission (CR) at any time during the study as assessed by the investigator. Response was based on bone marrow results and hematology values according to the modified International Working Group (IWG) criteria for AML: CR: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 10\^3/μL (1,000/μL), platelets \> 10\^5/μL (100,000/μL), red blood cell (RBC) transfusion independence, and bone marrow with \< 5% blasts
Time frame: Assessed at Cycle 1 end, at Cycle 2 end if CR/CRi wasn't achieved at Cycle 1 end, or Cycle 4 end if CR/CRi wasn't achieved at Cycle 2 end. Median treatment duration of venetoclax was 16.1 wks (range 3.9-38.1) and 21.1 wks (range 2.7-40.4), respectively.
Population: All participants who received at least one dose of venetoclax and azacitidine or decitabine
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Venetoclax 400 mg + Azacitidine 75 mg | Percentage of Participants With Complete Remission (CR) | 13.3 percentage of participants |
| Venetoclax 400 mg + Decitabine 20 mg | Percentage of Participants With Complete Remission (CR) | 26.7 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With Complete Remission With Incomplete Blood Count Recovery (CRi)
The complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery rate is defined as the percentage of participants with complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) at any time during the study as assessed by the investigator. Response was based on bone marrow results and hematology values according to the modified International Working Group (IWG) criteria for AML: CRi: Bone marrow with \< 5% blasts, and absolute neutrophils of ≤ 10\^3/μL or platelets ≤ 10\^5/μL.
Time frame: Assessed at Cycle 1 end, at Cycle 2 end if CR/CRi wasn't achieved at Cycle 1 end, or Cycle 4 end if CR/CRi wasn't achieved at Cycle 2 end. Median treatment duration of venetoclax was 16.1 wks (range 3.9-38.1) and 21.1 wks (range 2.7-40.4), respectively.
Population: All participants who received at least one dose of venetoclax and azacitidine or decitabine
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Venetoclax 400 mg + Azacitidine 75 mg | Percentage of Participants With Complete Remission With Incomplete Blood Count Recovery (CRi) | 56.7 percentage of participants |
| Venetoclax 400 mg + Decitabine 20 mg | Percentage of Participants With Complete Remission With Incomplete Blood Count Recovery (CRi) | 36.7 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With Post-baseline Transfusion Independence
The transfusion independence rate is defined as the percentage of participants with post-baseline transfusion independence, which is defined as a period of at least 56 days with no transfusion after the first dose of study drug and within 30 days of the last dose of study drug, death, or initiation of post-treatment therapy, whichever is earliest.
Time frame: From the first dose of study drug to the last dose of study drug +30 days, or death, or initiation of post-treatment therapy, whichever occurred earliest. Median time on follow-up was 183.5 days and 195.0 days, respectively.
Population: All participants who received at least one dose of venetoclax and azacitidine or decitabine
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Venetoclax 400 mg + Azacitidine 75 mg | Percentage of Participants With Post-baseline Transfusion Independence | RBC and platelets | 50.0 percentage of participants |
| Venetoclax 400 mg + Azacitidine 75 mg | Percentage of Participants With Post-baseline Transfusion Independence | Red blood cells (RBC) | 50.0 percentage of participants |
| Venetoclax 400 mg + Azacitidine 75 mg | Percentage of Participants With Post-baseline Transfusion Independence | Platelets | 73.3 percentage of participants |
| Venetoclax 400 mg + Decitabine 20 mg | Percentage of Participants With Post-baseline Transfusion Independence | Red blood cells (RBC) | 60.0 percentage of participants |
| Venetoclax 400 mg + Decitabine 20 mg | Percentage of Participants With Post-baseline Transfusion Independence | Platelets | 73.3 percentage of participants |
| Venetoclax 400 mg + Decitabine 20 mg | Percentage of Participants With Post-baseline Transfusion Independence | RBC and platelets | 60.0 percentage of participants |