Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Laboratory Problem, Physical Findings.Skin Ulcer, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Conditions
Keywords
clinical profile, diabetic foot ulcer, laboratory finding, tertiary hospital
Brief summary
The investigators want to obtain the clinical profile, hematological profile, and biochemical profile from diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patient.
Detailed description
This study is a retrospective descriptive study reviewing the medical records of diabetic foot patients who were admitted to Sanglah General Hospital for surgical procedure. Sanglah General Hospital is a provincial hospital located in Denpasar, Bali, which is the central referral hospital in Bali and Nusa Tenggara islands as known as a tertiary hospital. All DFU patients who underwent surgical procedures in Sanglah General Hospital operating theatre were included in the study. All patient medical records were provided by our hospital information center system. A diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was defined and confirmed from ICD (International Classification of Diseases)-10 code E11.622 for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with other skin ulcers. Data which we collected from the hospital information center system were further addressed into different aspects, which comprised of personal data, DFU severity, diabetes mellitus duration, ulcer duration, treatment procedures, and laboratory results. Based on our main objective of this study, we divide the laboratory results into two groups, hematological and blood chemistry profile. The variables selected in the hematological profile were hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocyte and differential counts, and platelet. The variables which were included in blood chemistry profile are alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum albumin, random blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, serum sodium, serum potassium, prothrombin time (PTT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and international normalized ratio (INR). The protocol of DFU management in our hospital included diagnosis and treatment of infection (local and systemic), assessment of patient's diabetic status, treatment of infection, diabetes mellitus, and wound care, and also surgical procedure, such as sharp debridement and amputations. The procedures were classified into five categories, consist of debridement, amputation of the fingers, transmetatarsal amputation, amputation below the knee, and amputation above the knee. DFU severity is classified into five different grades, based on Wagner's diabetic foot classification. In our hospital, patients with diabetic foot problems were evaluated and treated by a team consisting of surgeons, endocrinologists, microbiologists, rehabilitation specialists, nutritionists, and nurses. For the statistical analyses, variables were assessed using the program IBM SPSS statistics version 23.0 for Windows (IBM Corporation, New York, USA). All numerical data were summarized as mean ± standard deviation, and categorical variables were summarized as frequency and percentage. Our method is about to use every available data to descriptively picture laboratory characteristics in DFU patients.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Udayana University
Study design
Observational model
CASE_ONLY
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* DFU patients who underwent surgical procedures in Sanglah General Hospital operating theatre.
Exclusion criteria
* DFU patients without surgical intervention.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Age | Before surgery | Age in years |
| Diabetes mellitus duration | Before surgery | Diabetes mellitus duration in years |
| Foot ulcer duration | Before surgery | Foot ulcer duration in weeks |
| Gender | Before surgery | Gender is classified to male and female |
| Foot affected | Before surgery | Foot affected is classified to right foot, left foot, and bilateral |
| Wagner classification | Before surgery | Wagner classification is classified to grade 1, grade 2, grade 3, grade 4, and grade 5 |
| Surgical procedure | After surgery | Surgical procedure is classified to debridement, finger amputation, transmetatarsal amputation, below the knee amputation, and above the knee amputation |
| Hemoglobin | Before surgery | Hemoglobin in g/dL |
| Hematocrit | Before surgery | Hematocrit in % |
| Leukocyte | Before surgery | Leukocyte in 10\^9/L |
| Basophil | Before surgery | Basophil in 10\^9/L |
| Eosinophil | Before surgery | Eosinophil in 10\^9/L |
| Neutrophil | Before surgery | Neutrophil in 10\^9/L |
| Lymphocyte | Before surgery | Lymphocyte in 10\^9/L |
| Monocyte | Before surgery | Monocyte in 10\^9/L |
| Platelet | Before surgery | Platelet in 10\^9/L |
| Alanine aminotransferase | Before surgery | Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in U/L |
| Aspartate aminotransferase | Before surgery | Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in U/L |
| Serum albumin | Before surgery | Serum albumin in g/dL |
| Random blood glucose | Before surgery | Random blood glucose in mg/dL |
| Glycated hemoglobin | Before surgery | Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in % |
| Blood urea nitrogen | Before surgery | Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in mg/dL |
| Serum creatinine | Before surgery | Serum creatinine in mg/dL |
| Serum sodium | Before surgery | Serum sodium in mmol/L |
| Serum potassium | Before surgery | Serum potassium in mmol/L |
| Prothrombin time | Before surgery | Prothrombin time (PT) in seconds |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time | Before surgery | Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in seconds |
| International normalized ratio | Before surgery | International normalized ratio (INR) has no units (it is a ratio) and is determined to decimal place. INR formula is (patient PT/mean normal PT)ISI. ISI stands for International Sensitivity Index |
Outcome results
None listed