Metabolic Syndrome
Conditions
Brief summary
The prevalence of US adults with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is over 34%, impacting nearly 35% of all adults and 50% of those aged 60 years or older. MetS is characterized as a combination of underlying risk factors that when, occurring together, increase the risk for chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer, resulting in an 1.6-fold increase in mortality. According the American Heart Association, health risks associated with Metabolic Syndrome can be significantly reduced by reducing body weight and eating a diet that is rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Potatoes (e.g. skin-on white potatoes) are an excellent source of potassium, vitamin C, and vitamin B6 and a good source of magnesium and dietary fiber. In addition, the potato has greater dry matter and protein per unit growing area compared with cereals. Despite this, consumers tend to believe that potatoes are high in calories and in fat compared with other carbohydrate sources such as rice or pasta, an incorrect assumption since a potato has negligible fat and a low energy density similar to legumes. Data from short-term nutrition intervention trials, suggest that potatoes consumed as part of a low-glycemic load meal can play a role in the prevention or treatment of MetS. However, the impact of long-term potato consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors associated with MetS is not known. Therefore, there is a critical need to determine if regular (\> 4 times per week) potato consumption can improve cardiometabolic health in individuals with MetS.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTHigher protein, low glycemic load diet
All dietary treatments will be designed to be isoenergetic within individual participants. Energy content of the diets will be individualized to ensure weight maintenance throughout the dietary intervention period using the Harris Benedict equation x 1.35. Glycemic load for the treatment groups will be calculated using the following equation: Glycemic Load = Glycemic Index x Grams of carbohydrates/100. Potatoes, processed potato products, and control carbohydrate foods will be provided.
Sponsors
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 85 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Resides in Northwest Arkansas * Age 18+ years * Metabolic Syndrome (characterized by participant having three or more of the following measurements: abdominal obesity, triglyceride level over 150 mg/dl, HDL cholesterol \< 40 mg/dl in men and 50 mg/dl in women, systolic blood pressure of 130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of 85 mm Hg, and/or fasting glucose \> 100 mg/dL) * All ethnicities * Female and male * Currently consuming a high glycemic load diet
Exclusion criteria
* Food allergies * Dietary restrictions (e.g. vegetarian, vegan, etc.) * Trying to lose weight in last 3 months * Prescription medications related to heart disease or type 2 diabetes * Fear of needles
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Serum lipid levels | Change from baseline at 16 weeks | Total Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, Free Fatty Acids, Triglycerides |
| Plasma glucose levels | Change from baseline at 16 weeks | Plasma glucose levels |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mood | Change from baseline at 16 weeks | Mood will be measured using the Profile of Mood States questionnaire |
| Sleep quality and duration | Change from baseline at 16 weeks | Sleep quality will be assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index |
| Waist circumference | Change from baseline at 16 weeks | Waist circumference in centimeters |
| Marker of appetite and sleep | Change from baseline at 16 weeks | Orexin (also known as hypocretin) |
| Appetite | Change from baseline at 16 weeks | Anorexigenic appetite hormone - PYY (peptide tyrosine tyrosine) |
| Sleep duration | Change from baseline at 16 weeks | Sleep duration will be assessed using an Actigraph sleep monitor |
| Dietary intake | Change of time of study (16 weeks) | Monthly food records will be recorded to determine changes in diet intake |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed