Mindfulness, Physical Inactivty, Wellbeing
Conditions
Keywords
Randomized controlled trial, Exercise, Physical Activity, Behavior Change, Mindfulness, Aging
Brief summary
Physical inactivity has reached pandemic proportions and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Of particular concern is that most middle to older age adults fall far short of recommendations for health enhancing physical activities. This research takes a novel approach to tackling this problem by combining mindfulness with behavioral strategies in a unique 'Mindful Movement' program offered collaboratively with the YMCA.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALMindful Movement
The program focuses on enhancing individuals' mindfulness capabilities and skills, specifically attention regulation, body awareness, emotional regulation, and shifts in self-perception, by providing opportunities for education, practice, and social suppo
OTHERKeys to Health & Wellbeing
This community-based educational program provides participants useful content focused on general health related topics including common chronic conditions, social support, social participation, cancer screening, immunization and keeping active.
Sponsors
YMCA
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)
University of Minnesota
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
DOUBLE (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
50 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
≥ 50 years of age * Accelerometer wear time ≥10 hours on at least 4 days in a 7 consecutive day period between baselines * Self-report of \<140 minutes of MVPA per week in 3 months prior to baseline AND accelerometer recorded \<100 minutes of MVPA between baselines * Mini-Mental State score ≥ 24 if indicated * Independent self-ambulation * Provides consent and is willing to participate in data collection activities
Exclusion criteria
* Pregnancy * Unwilling or unable to participate in study activities * Current or upcoming participation in educational programs similar to those under study * Medical restrictions to increasing Moderate Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) * Terminal illness * Contraindications to mindfulness practice
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in 10 Min Bouts | Baseline | Minutes/week spent in ≥10-min bouts of MVPA |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Total Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) | Baseline | Minutes/week spent in MVPA |
| Sedentary Activity | Baseline | Time spent in sedentary activity |
| Average Daily Step Count | Baseline | Average steps/day over one week |
| Quality of Life - Euroqol 5D (EQ5D) | Baseline | The EQ5D captures five dimensions of health (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) over 5 levels (no problem, slight problem, moderate problem, severe problem, unable to perform/extreme problem). The scale for the EQ5D ranges from -0.109 to 1, with higher scores indicating higher quality of life. |
| Quality of Life - EuroQol VAS | Baseline | The EuroQol VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement. Results are on a 0 to 100 scale with higher scores indicating better self-rated health. |
| Exercise Self-Efficacy- Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale | Baseline | Individuals are asked to rate their confidence in their ability to exercise. Confidence ratings range from 0 (not confident) to 10 (very confident). The average of all responses is used for a total score ranging from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate higher exercise self-efficacy. |
| Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Positive Sub-scale | Baseline | This is a 13-item instrument focused on beliefs about the positive and negative physical and mental health benefits of exercise. The OEE-2 includes positive and negative outcome expectations sub-scales. Responses range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and are averaged with final scores ranging from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate stronger exercise expectations. |
| Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Negative Sub-scale | Baseline | This is a 13-item instrument focused on beliefs about the positive and negative physical and mental health benefits of exercise. The OEE-2 includes positive and negative outcome expectations sub-scales. Responses range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and are averaged with final scores ranging from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate stronger exercise expectations. |
| Mindfulness - Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) | Baseline | The MAAS scale is comprised of 15 items measured on a 6-point scale (1=almost always, 6=almost never). Responses to individual items are averaged for a total scale ranging from 1 to 6. Higher scores indicate stronger dispositional mindfulness. |
| Mindfulness - Frieberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) | Baseline | The FMI addresses 14 items with a four-point response scale (1=rarely, 4=almost always). Items are summed scores ranging from 14 to 56. Higher scores indicate more mindfulness. |
| Wellbeing-8-item Flourishing Scale | Baseline | This 8 item scale assesses perceived success in relationships, self-esteem, and purpose. Responses are 7=Strongly Agree to 1=Strongly Disagree. The total score ranges from 8 to 56. Higher scores indicate better perceived wellbeing. |
| Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in 10 Min Bouts | Change score: 26 weeks - baseline | Minutes/week spent in ≥10-min bouts of MVPA |
| Social Assuredness | Baseline | Eight-item questionnaire with responses ranging from 1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree. Items are summed with the total scale ranging from 8 to 48. Higher scores indicates more social assuredness or confidence. |
| Physical Activity-International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) | Baseline | Self-reported MVPA in bouts of 10 minutes or higher was measured using questions adapted from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The IPAQ is a nine-item instrument addressing days/week and minutes/day spent on physical activity in the past 7 days. |
| Satisfaction With Intervention | 9 weeks | Participants will rate their overall satisfaction with the intervention on 7 point scale (7=completely satisfied, 1= completely dissatisfied). |
| Frequency of Home Practice | 9 weeks | Participants will report the number of days per week they were able to practice skills taught in the program |
| Pain-11 Box Numerical Rating Scale | Baseline | An 11-box numerical rating scale (0=no pain, 10 = worst pain possible) for average back, neck, upper extremity, and lower extremity pain in the past week. The highest score for the assessed body regions was used for analysis. |
| Telehealth Usability Questionnaire | 9 weeks | Participant views of the remote intervention platform (Zoom video-conferencing system) were assessed using the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ). The TUQ assesses usability with 21 questions rated on a 1 to 7 scale. The overall score is an average of all items with higher scores indicating higher usability of the telehealth system. |
| Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 9 weeks | Question from the WAI bond sub-scale asking participants how often they felt uncomfortable with the facilitators. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A lower score indicates a higher bond with the facilitator. |
| Covid -19 Impact on Physical Activity | Baseline | Impact of COVID-19 on physical activity was assessed on a 5-item scale (1= substantially less physically active to 5 = substantially more physically active). The number of participants with reduced physical activity due to COVID-19 is reported. |
| Number of Participants Completing Qualitative Assessment of Barriers to Intervention | 9 weeks | The number of participants completing qualitative, open ended assessments exploring dislikes and barriers to participation in the intervention. |
| Number of Participants Completing Qualitative Assessment of Facilitators to Intervention | 9 weeks | The number of participants completing qualitative, open ended assessment exploring likes and facilitators to participation in the intervention. |
| Social Connectedness | Baseline | Eight-item questionnaire with responses ranging from 1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree. Items are summed with the total scale ranging from 8 to 48. Higher scores indicates more social connectedness. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Mindful Movement 8, 90-minute, in-person, group sessions over 8 weeks
The program focuses on enhancing individuals' mindfulness capabilities and skills, specifically attention regulation, body awareness, emotional regulation, and shifts in self-perception by providing opportunities for education, practice, and social support. | 86 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing 8, 90-minute, in-person, group sessions over 8 weeks
This community-based educational program provides participants useful content focused on general health related topics including common chronic conditions, social support, social participation, cancer screening, immunization and keeping active. | 90 |
| Total | 176 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Death | 1 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Difficulty Using Videoconferencing Technology | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Motor Vehicle Accident | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Other | 1 | 3 |
| Overall Study | Time Commitment | 2 | 5 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Total | Mindful Movement |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 66.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.4 | 66.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.9 | 65.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.2 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 3 Participants | 5 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 85 Participants | 167 Participants | 82 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants | 4 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 8 Participants | 12 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants | 6 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 80 Participants | 155 Participants | 75 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 90 participants | 176 participants | 86 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 74 Participants | 152 Participants | 78 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 16 Participants | 24 Participants | 8 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 1 / 86 | 0 / 90 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 40 / 86 | 51 / 90 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 7 / 86 | 6 / 90 |
Outcome results
Primary
Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in 10 Min Bouts
Minutes/week spent in ≥10-min bouts of MVPA
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in 10 Min Bouts | 39.5 minutes per week |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in 10 Min Bouts | 24.3 minutes per week |
Primary
Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in 10 Min Bouts
Minutes/week spent in ≥10-min bouts of MVPA
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in 10 Min Bouts | 18.35 minutes per week | Standard Deviation 24.97 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in 10 Min Bouts | 15.54 minutes per week | Standard Deviation 23.94 |
Secondary
Average Daily Step Count
Average steps/day over one week
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Average Daily Step Count | 476 steps per day |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Average Daily Step Count | 96 steps per day |
Secondary
Average Daily Step Count
Average steps/day over one week
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Average Daily Step Count | 1100 steps per day |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Average Daily Step Count | 849 steps per day |
Secondary
Average Daily Step Count
Average steps/day over one week
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Average Daily Step Count | 3694 steps per day | Standard Deviation 1753 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Average Daily Step Count | 3217 steps per day | Standard Deviation 1595 |
Secondary
Average Daily Step Count
Average steps/day over one week
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Average Daily Step Count | 831 steps per day |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Average Daily Step Count | 754 steps per day |
Secondary
Covid -19 Impact on Physical Activity
Impact of COVID-19 on physical activity was assessed on a 5-item scale (1= substantially less physically active to 5 = substantially more physically active). The number of participants with reduced physical activity due to COVID-19 is reported.
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Covid -19 Impact on Physical Activity | 42 Participants |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Covid -19 Impact on Physical Activity | 42 Participants |
Secondary
Covid -19 Impact on Physical Activity
Impact of COVID-19 on physical activity was assessed on a 5-item scale (1= substantially less physically active to 5 = substantially more physically active). The number of participants with reduced physical activity due to COVID-19 is reported.
Time frame: 52 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Covid -19 Impact on Physical Activity | 64 Participants |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Covid -19 Impact on Physical Activity | 67 Participants |
Secondary
Covid -19 Impact on Physical Activity
Impact of COVID-19 on physical activity was assessed on a 5-item scale (1= substantially less physically active to 5 = substantially more physically active). The number of participants with reduced physical activity due to COVID-19 is reported.
Time frame: 26 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Covid -19 Impact on Physical Activity | 49 Participants |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Covid -19 Impact on Physical Activity | 49 Participants |
Secondary
Covid -19 Impact on Physical Activity
Impact of COVID-19 on physical activity was assessed on a 5-item scale (1= substantially less physically active to 5 = substantially more physically active). The number of participants with reduced physical activity due to COVID-19 is reported.
Time frame: 9 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Covid -19 Impact on Physical Activity | 54 Participants |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Covid -19 Impact on Physical Activity | 52 Participants |
Secondary
Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Negative Sub-scale
This is a 13-item instrument focused on beliefs about the positive and negative physical and mental health benefits of exercise. The OEE-2 includes positive and negative outcome expectations sub-scales. Responses range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and are averaged with final scores ranging from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate stronger exercise expectations.
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Negative Sub-scale | 1.5 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.6 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Negative Sub-scale | 1.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.6 |
Secondary
Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Negative Sub-scale
This is a 13-item instrument focused on beliefs about the positive and negative physical and mental health benefits of exercise. The OEE-2 includes positive and negative outcome expectations sub-scales. Responses range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and are averaged with final scores ranging from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate stronger exercise expectations.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Negative Sub-scale | 0.1 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Negative Sub-scale | 0.2 units on a scale |
Secondary
Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Negative Sub-scale
This is a 13-item instrument focused on beliefs about the positive and negative physical and mental health benefits of exercise. The OEE-2 includes positive and negative outcome expectations sub-scales. Responses range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and are averaged with final scores ranging from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate stronger exercise expectations.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Negative Sub-scale | 0.2 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Negative Sub-scale | 0.1 units on a scale |
Secondary
Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Negative Sub-scale
This is a 13-item instrument focused on beliefs about the positive and negative physical and mental health benefits of exercise. The OEE-2 includes positive and negative outcome expectations sub-scales. Responses range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and are averaged with final scores ranging from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate stronger exercise expectations.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Negative Sub-scale | 0.2 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Negative Sub-scale | 0.2 units on a scale |
Secondary
Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Positive Sub-scale
This is a 13-item instrument focused on beliefs about the positive and negative physical and mental health benefits of exercise. The OEE-2 includes positive and negative outcome expectations sub-scales. Responses range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and are averaged with final scores ranging from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate stronger exercise expectations.
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Positive Sub-scale | 1.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.5 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Positive Sub-scale | 1.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.5 |
Secondary
Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Positive Sub-scale
This is a 13-item instrument focused on beliefs about the positive and negative physical and mental health benefits of exercise. The OEE-2 includes positive and negative outcome expectations sub-scales. Responses range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and are averaged with final scores ranging from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate stronger exercise expectations.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Positive Sub-scale | 0.0 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Positive Sub-scale | 0.1 units on a scale |
Secondary
Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Positive Sub-scale
This is a 13-item instrument focused on beliefs about the positive and negative physical and mental health benefits of exercise. The OEE-2 includes positive and negative outcome expectations sub-scales. Responses range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and are averaged with final scores ranging from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate stronger exercise expectations.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Positive Sub-scale | 0.0 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Positive Sub-scale | 0.1 units on a scale |
Secondary
Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Positive Sub-scale
This is a 13-item instrument focused on beliefs about the positive and negative physical and mental health benefits of exercise. The OEE-2 includes positive and negative outcome expectations sub-scales. Responses range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and are averaged with final scores ranging from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate stronger exercise expectations.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Positive Sub-scale | 0.1 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Exercise Expectations-Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 (OEE-2) Positive Sub-scale | 0.1 units on a scale |
Secondary
Exercise Self-Efficacy- Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale
Individuals are asked to rate their confidence in their ability to exercise. Confidence ratings range from 0 (not confident) to 10 (very confident). The average of all responses is used for a total score ranging from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate higher exercise self-efficacy.
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Exercise Self-Efficacy- Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale | 7.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.8 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Exercise Self-Efficacy- Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale | 7.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
Secondary
Exercise Self-Efficacy- Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale
Individuals are asked to rate their confidence in their ability to exercise. Confidence ratings range from 0 (not confident) to 10 (very confident). The average of all responses is used for a total score ranging from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate higher exercise self-efficacy.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Exercise Self-Efficacy- Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale | -2.0 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Exercise Self-Efficacy- Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale | -1.8 units on a scale |
Secondary
Exercise Self-Efficacy- Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale
Individuals are asked to rate their confidence in their ability to exercise. Confidence ratings range from 0 (not confident) to 10 (very confident). The average of all responses is used for a total score ranging from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate higher exercise self-efficacy.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Exercise Self-Efficacy- Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale | -1.8 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Exercise Self-Efficacy- Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale | -1.6 units on a scale |
Secondary
Exercise Self-Efficacy- Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale
Individuals are asked to rate their confidence in their ability to exercise. Confidence ratings range from 0 (not confident) to 10 (very confident). The average of all responses is used for a total score ranging from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate higher exercise self-efficacy.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Exercise Self-Efficacy- Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale | -1.8 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Exercise Self-Efficacy- Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale | -1.6 units on a scale |
Secondary
Frequency of Home Practice
Participants will report the number of days per week they were able to practice skills taught in the program
Time frame: 26 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Frequency of Home Practice | 3.1 days per week |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Frequency of Home Practice | 3.0 days per week |
Secondary
Frequency of Home Practice
Participants will report the number of days per week they were able to practice skills taught in the program
Time frame: 52 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Frequency of Home Practice | 3.2 days per week |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Frequency of Home Practice | 2.5 days per week |
Secondary
Frequency of Home Practice
Participants will report the number of days per week they were able to practice skills taught in the program
Time frame: 9 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Frequency of Home Practice | 4.3 days per week |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Frequency of Home Practice | 3.4 days per week |
Secondary
Mindfulness - Frieberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI)
The FMI addresses 14 items with a four-point response scale (1=rarely, 4=almost always). Items are summed scores ranging from 14 to 56. Higher scores indicate more mindfulness.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Mindfulness - Frieberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) | 3.2 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Mindfulness - Frieberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) | 1.1 units on a scale |
Secondary
Mindfulness - Frieberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI)
The FMI addresses 14 items with a four-point response scale (1=rarely, 4=almost always). Items are summed scores ranging from 14 to 56. Higher scores indicate more mindfulness.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Mindfulness - Frieberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) | 3.5 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Mindfulness - Frieberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) | 0.7 units on a scale |
Secondary
Mindfulness - Frieberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI)
The FMI addresses 14 items with a four-point response scale (1=rarely, 4=almost always). Items are summed scores ranging from 14 to 56. Higher scores indicate more mindfulness.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Mindfulness - Frieberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) | 3.4 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Mindfulness - Frieberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) | 0.3 units on a scale |
Secondary
Mindfulness - Frieberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI)
The FMI addresses 14 items with a four-point response scale (1=rarely, 4=almost always). Items are summed scores ranging from 14 to 56. Higher scores indicate more mindfulness.
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Mindfulness - Frieberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) | 37.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.9 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Mindfulness - Frieberg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) | 38.5 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7 |
Secondary
Mindfulness - Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)
The MAAS scale is comprised of 15 items measured on a 6-point scale (1=almost always, 6=almost never). Responses to individual items are averaged for a total scale ranging from 1 to 6. Higher scores indicate stronger dispositional mindfulness.
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Mindfulness - Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) | 4.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Mindfulness - Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) | 4.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
Secondary
Mindfulness - Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)
The MAAS scale is comprised of 15 items measured on a 6-point scale (1=almost always, 6=almost never). Responses to individual items are averaged for a total scale ranging from 1 to 6. Higher scores indicate stronger dispositional mindfulness.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Mindfulness - Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) | 0.2 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Mindfulness - Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) | 0.1 units on a scale |
Secondary
Mindfulness - Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)
The MAAS scale is comprised of 15 items measured on a 6-point scale (1=almost always, 6=almost never). Responses to individual items are averaged for a total scale ranging from 1 to 6. Higher scores indicate stronger dispositional mindfulness.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Mindfulness - Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) | 0.2 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Mindfulness - Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) | 0.0 units on a scale |
Secondary
Mindfulness - Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)
The MAAS scale is comprised of 15 items measured on a 6-point scale (1=almost always, 6=almost never). Responses to individual items are averaged for a total scale ranging from 1 to 6. Higher scores indicate stronger dispositional mindfulness.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Mindfulness - Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) | 0.0 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Mindfulness - Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) | 0.0 units on a scale |
Secondary
Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in 10 Min Bouts
Minutes/week spent in ≥10-min bouts of MVPA
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in 10 Min Bouts | 20.7 minutes per week |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in 10 Min Bouts | 11.3 minutes per week |
Secondary
Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in 10 Min Bouts
Minutes/week spent in ≥10-min bouts of MVPA
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in 10 Min Bouts | 28.0 minutes per week |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) in 10 Min Bouts | 16.2 minutes per week |
Secondary
Number of Participants Completing Qualitative Assessment of Barriers to Intervention
The number of participants completing qualitative, open ended assessments exploring dislikes and barriers to participation in the intervention.
Time frame: 9 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Number of Participants Completing Qualitative Assessment of Barriers to Intervention | 83 Participants |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Number of Participants Completing Qualitative Assessment of Barriers to Intervention | 84 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Completing Qualitative Assessment of Facilitators to Intervention
The number of participants completing qualitative, open ended assessment exploring likes and facilitators to participation in the intervention.
Time frame: 9 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Number of Participants Completing Qualitative Assessment of Facilitators to Intervention | 83 Participants |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Number of Participants Completing Qualitative Assessment of Facilitators to Intervention | 84 Participants |
Secondary
Pain-11 Box Numerical Rating Scale
An 11-box numerical rating scale (0=no pain, 10 = worst pain possible) for average back, neck, upper extremity, and lower extremity pain in the past week. The highest score for the assessed body regions was used for analysis.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Pain-11 Box Numerical Rating Scale | 1.0 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Pain-11 Box Numerical Rating Scale | 0.7 units on a scale |
Secondary
Pain-11 Box Numerical Rating Scale
An 11-box numerical rating scale (0=no pain, 10 = worst pain possible) for average back, neck, upper extremity, and lower extremity pain in the past week. The highest score for the assessed body regions was used for analysis.
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Pain-11 Box Numerical Rating Scale | 3.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.3 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Pain-11 Box Numerical Rating Scale | 3.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.4 |
Secondary
Pain-11 Box Numerical Rating Scale
An 11-box numerical rating scale (0=no pain, 10 = worst pain possible) for average back, neck, upper extremity, and lower extremity pain in the past week. The highest score for the assessed body regions was used for analysis.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Pain-11 Box Numerical Rating Scale | 0.4 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Pain-11 Box Numerical Rating Scale | 1.0 units on a scale |
Secondary
Pain-11 Box Numerical Rating Scale
An 11-box numerical rating scale (0=no pain, 10 = worst pain possible) for average back, neck, upper extremity, and lower extremity pain in the past week. The highest score for the assessed body regions was used for analysis.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Pain-11 Box Numerical Rating Scale | 0.9 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Pain-11 Box Numerical Rating Scale | 0.8 units on a scale |
Secondary
Physical Activity-International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
Self-reported MVPA in bouts of 10 minutes or higher was measured using questions adapted from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The IPAQ is a nine-item instrument addressing days/week and minutes/day spent on physical activity in the past 7 days.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Physical Activity-International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) | 89.6 minutes per week |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Physical Activity-International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) | 42.7 minutes per week |
Secondary
Physical Activity-International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
Self-reported MVPA in bouts of 10 minutes or higher was measured using questions adapted from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The IPAQ is a nine-item instrument addressing days/week and minutes/day spent on physical activity in the past 7 days.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Physical Activity-International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) | 30.5 minutes per week |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Physical Activity-International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) | 28.4 minutes per week |
Secondary
Physical Activity-International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
Self-reported MVPA in bouts of 10 minutes or higher was measured using questions adapted from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The IPAQ is a nine-item instrument addressing days/week and minutes/day spent on physical activity in the past 7 days.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Physical Activity-International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) | 91.0 minutes per week |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Physical Activity-International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) | 60.2 minutes per week |
Secondary
Physical Activity-International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
Self-reported MVPA in bouts of 10 minutes or higher was measured using questions adapted from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The IPAQ is a nine-item instrument addressing days/week and minutes/day spent on physical activity in the past 7 days.
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Physical Activity-International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) | 61.8 minutes per week | Standard Deviation 58.6 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Physical Activity-International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) | 65.6 minutes per week | Standard Deviation 87.5 |
Secondary
Quality of Life - Euroqol 5D (EQ5D)
The EQ5D captures five dimensions of health (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) over 5 levels (no problem, slight problem, moderate problem, severe problem, unable to perform/extreme problem). The scale for the EQ5D ranges from -0.109 to 1, with higher scores indicating higher quality of life.
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Quality of Life - Euroqol 5D (EQ5D) | 0.89 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.12 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Quality of Life - Euroqol 5D (EQ5D) | 0.89 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.12 |
Secondary
Quality of Life - Euroqol 5D (EQ5D)
The EQ5D captures five dimensions of health (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) over 5 levels (no problem, slight problem, moderate problem, severe problem, unable to perform/extreme problem). The scale for the EQ5D ranges from -0.109 to 1, with higher scores indicating higher quality of life.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Quality of Life - Euroqol 5D (EQ5D) | -0.06 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Quality of Life - Euroqol 5D (EQ5D) | -0.06 units on a scale |
Secondary
Quality of Life - Euroqol 5D (EQ5D)
The EQ5D captures five dimensions of health (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) over 5 levels (no problem, slight problem, moderate problem, severe problem, unable to perform/extreme problem). The scale for the EQ5D ranges from -0.109 to 1, with higher scores indicating higher quality of life.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Quality of Life - Euroqol 5D (EQ5D) | -0.03 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Quality of Life - Euroqol 5D (EQ5D) | -0.05 units on a scale |
Secondary
Quality of Life - Euroqol 5D (EQ5D)
The EQ5D captures five dimensions of health (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) over 5 levels (no problem, slight problem, moderate problem, severe problem, unable to perform/extreme problem). The scale for the EQ5D ranges from -0.109 to 1, with higher scores indicating higher quality of life.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Quality of Life - Euroqol 5D (EQ5D) | -0.05 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Quality of Life - Euroqol 5D (EQ5D) | -0.07 units on a scale |
Secondary
Quality of Life - EuroQol VAS
The EuroQol VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement. Results are on a 0 to 100 scale with higher scores indicating better self-rated health.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Quality of Life - EuroQol VAS | 0.0 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Quality of Life - EuroQol VAS | 1.1 units on a scale |
Secondary
Quality of Life - EuroQol VAS
The EuroQol VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement. Results are on a 0 to 100 scale with higher scores indicating better self-rated health.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Quality of Life - EuroQol VAS | 2.1 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Quality of Life - EuroQol VAS | -1.0 units on a scale |
Secondary
Quality of Life - EuroQol VAS
The EuroQol VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement. Results are on a 0 to 100 scale with higher scores indicating better self-rated health.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Quality of Life - EuroQol VAS | -0.7 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Quality of Life - EuroQol VAS | -0.9 units on a scale |
Secondary
Quality of Life - EuroQol VAS
The EuroQol VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement. Results are on a 0 to 100 scale with higher scores indicating better self-rated health.
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Quality of Life - EuroQol VAS | 75.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.6 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Quality of Life - EuroQol VAS | 74.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.3 |
Secondary
Satisfaction With Intervention
Participants will rate their overall satisfaction with the intervention on 7 point scale (7=completely satisfied, 1= completely dissatisfied).
Time frame: 26 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Satisfaction With Intervention | 2.3 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Satisfaction With Intervention | 2.6 units on a scale |
Secondary
Satisfaction With Intervention
Participants will rate their overall satisfaction with the intervention on 7 point scale (7=completely satisfied, 1= completely dissatisfied).
Time frame: 9 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Satisfaction With Intervention | 2.2 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Satisfaction With Intervention | 2.7 units on a scale |
Secondary
Satisfaction With Intervention
Participants will rate their overall satisfaction with the intervention on 7 point scale (7=completely satisfied, 1= completely dissatisfied).
Time frame: 52 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Satisfaction With Intervention | 2.4 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Satisfaction With Intervention | 2.5 units on a scale |
Secondary
Sedentary Activity
Time spent in sedentary activity
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Sedentary Activity | -246 minutes per week |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Sedentary Activity | -209 minutes per week |
Secondary
Sedentary Activity
Time spent in sedentary activity
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Sedentary Activity | 51 minutes per week |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Sedentary Activity | 153 minutes per week |
Secondary
Sedentary Activity
Time spent in sedentary activity
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Sedentary Activity | 2804 minutes per week | Standard Deviation 912 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Sedentary Activity | 2988 minutes per week | Standard Deviation 1069 |
Secondary
Sedentary Activity
Time spent in sedentary activity
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Sedentary Activity | -85 minutes per week |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Sedentary Activity | -46 minutes per week |
Secondary
Social Assuredness
Eight-item questionnaire with responses ranging from 1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree. Items are summed with the total scale ranging from 8 to 48. Higher scores indicates more social assuredness or confidence.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Social Assuredness | 1.1 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Social Assuredness | 1.5 units on a scale |
Secondary
Social Assuredness
Eight-item questionnaire with responses ranging from 1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree. Items are summed with the total scale ranging from 8 to 48. Higher scores indicates more social assuredness or confidence.
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Social Assuredness | 38.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.8 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Social Assuredness | 36.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.4 |
Secondary
Social Assuredness
Eight-item questionnaire with responses ranging from 1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree. Items are summed with the total scale ranging from 8 to 48. Higher scores indicates more social assuredness or confidence.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Social Assuredness | 1.1 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Social Assuredness | 1.1 units on a scale |
Secondary
Social Assuredness
Eight-item questionnaire with responses ranging from 1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree. Items are summed with the total scale ranging from 8 to 48. Higher scores indicates more social assuredness or confidence.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Social Assuredness | 0.9 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Social Assuredness | 1.8 units on a scale |
Secondary
Social Connectedness
Eight-item questionnaire with responses ranging from 1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree. Items are summed with the total scale ranging from 8 to 48. Higher scores indicates more social connectedness.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Social Connectedness | 1.4 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Social Connectedness | -0.6 units on a scale |
Secondary
Social Connectedness
Eight-item questionnaire with responses ranging from 1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree. Items are summed with the total scale ranging from 8 to 48. Higher scores indicates more social connectedness.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Social Connectedness | 1.0 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Social Connectedness | -1.1 units on a scale |
Secondary
Social Connectedness
Eight-item questionnaire with responses ranging from 1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree. Items are summed with the total scale ranging from 8 to 48. Higher scores indicates more social connectedness.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Social Connectedness | 1.2 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Social Connectedness | -0.9 units on a scale |
Secondary
Social Connectedness
Eight-item questionnaire with responses ranging from 1=strongly agree to 6=strongly disagree. Items are summed with the total scale ranging from 8 to 48. Higher scores indicates more social connectedness.
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Social Connectedness | 40.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.5 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Social Connectedness | 41.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.5 |
Secondary
Telehealth Usability Questionnaire
Participant views of the remote intervention platform (Zoom video-conferencing system) were assessed using the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ). The TUQ assesses usability with 21 questions rated on a 1 to 7 scale. The overall score is an average of all items with higher scores indicating higher usability of the telehealth system.
Time frame: 9 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Telehealth Usability Questionnaire | 6.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.7 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Telehealth Usability Questionnaire | 5.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
Secondary
Total Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA)
Minutes/week spent in MVPA
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Total Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) | 91.9 minutes per week | Standard Deviation 74.3 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Total Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) | 93.0 minutes per week | Standard Deviation 95.2 |
Secondary
Total Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA)
Minutes/week spent in MVPA
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Total Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) | 43.0 minutes per week |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Total Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) | 23.1 minutes per week |
Secondary
Total Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA)
Minutes/week spent in MVPA
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Total Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) | 49.2 minutes per week |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Total Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) | 34.4 minutes per week |
Secondary
Total Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA)
Minutes/week spent in MVPA
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Total Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) | 20.6 minutes per week |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Total Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) | 8.8 minutes per week |
Secondary
Wellbeing-8-item Flourishing Scale
This 8 item scale assesses perceived success in relationships, self-esteem, and purpose. Responses are 7=Strongly Agree to 1=Strongly Disagree. The total score ranges from 8 to 56. Higher scores indicate better perceived wellbeing.
Time frame: Change score: 9 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Wellbeing-8-item Flourishing Scale | 1.3 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Wellbeing-8-item Flourishing Scale | 0.3 units on a scale |
Secondary
Wellbeing-8-item Flourishing Scale
This 8 item scale assesses perceived success in relationships, self-esteem, and purpose. Responses are 7=Strongly Agree to 1=Strongly Disagree. The total score ranges from 8 to 56. Higher scores indicate better perceived wellbeing.
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Wellbeing-8-item Flourishing Scale | 45.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Wellbeing-8-item Flourishing Scale | 46.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6 |
Secondary
Wellbeing-8-item Flourishing Scale
This 8 item scale assesses perceived success in relationships, self-esteem, and purpose. Responses are 7=Strongly Agree to 1=Strongly Disagree. The total score ranges from 8 to 56. Higher scores indicate better perceived wellbeing.
Time frame: Change score: 52 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Wellbeing-8-item Flourishing Scale | 1.3 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Wellbeing-8-item Flourishing Scale | 0.1 units on a scale |
Secondary
Wellbeing-8-item Flourishing Scale
This 8 item scale assesses perceived success in relationships, self-esteem, and purpose. Responses are 7=Strongly Agree to 1=Strongly Disagree. The total score ranges from 8 to 56. Higher scores indicate better perceived wellbeing.
Time frame: Change score: 26 weeks - baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Wellbeing-8-item Flourishing Scale | 0.8 units on a scale |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Wellbeing-8-item Flourishing Scale | 0.6 units on a scale |
Secondary
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)
Question from the WAI bond sub-scale asking participants how often they felt the facilitators appreciated them. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A higher score indicates a higher bond with the facilitator.
Time frame: 9 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 6.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 6.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
Secondary
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)
Question from the WAI bond sub-scale asking participants how often they felt confident the facilitators could help them if needed. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A higher score indicates a higher bond with the facilitator.
Time frame: 9 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 6.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 6.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
Secondary
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)
Question from the WAI bond sub-scale asking participants how often they felt their relationship with the facilitators was very important to them. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A higher score indicates a higher bond with the facilitator.
Time frame: 9 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 5.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 5.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.8 |
Secondary
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)
Question from the WAI task sub-scale asking participants how often they felt confused by what they were being asked to do in the sessions. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A lower score indicates a higher task alliance with the facilitator.
Time frame: 9 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 1.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 2.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
Secondary
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)
Question from the WAI bond sub-scale asking participants how often they felt uncomfortable with certain participants in the group. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A lower score indicates a higher bond with the group.
Time frame: 9 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 1.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 2.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
Secondary
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)
Question from the WAI bond sub-scale asking participants how often they felt uncomfortable with the facilitators. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A lower score indicates a higher bond with the facilitator.
Time frame: 9 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 2.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.6 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 1.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
Secondary
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)
Question from the WAI bond sub-scale asking participants how often they felt the facilitators were genuinely concerned for their welfare. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A higher score indicates a higher bond with the facilitator.
Time frame: 9 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 6.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 6.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
Secondary
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)
Question from the WAI bond sub-scale asking participants how often they felt the facilitators liked them. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A higher score indicates a higher bond with the facilitator.
Time frame: 9 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 5.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 6.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
Secondary
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)
Question from the WAI bond sub-scale asking participants how often they felt the facilitators respected them. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale with 1= Never and 7 = Always. A higher score indicates a higher bond with the facilitator.
Time frame: 9 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful Movement | Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 6.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Keys to Health & Wellbeing | Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) | 6.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.7 |