Hypotension,Controlled
Conditions
Keywords
controlled hypotension, cardiac output on, blood loss, surgical field, oxygen supply, oxygen consumption
Brief summary
The investigators study 160 patients undergoing spinal surgery.Participants will be randomly divided into study group and control group.The study group will receive controlled hypotension by nitroglycerin and be divided into 3 groups according to CI.
Detailed description
This study will be done in Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital .The investigators study 160 patients aged from 45 to 70 years,weight from 48 to 68kg classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASAs) physical status Ⅰ-Ⅱ who will be candidate for posterior decompression of vertebral canal,discectomy and internal fixation by pediclescrew(one centrum).The investigators excluded patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,hepatic or renal dysfunction,and patients receiving drugs that interfere with coagulation before surgery. Patients randomly divided into study group(group H,n=120)and control group (group C,n=40).The study group according to CI(Cardiac Index) levels of intraoperative hypotension period(mean of CI at T2,T3,T4) were divided into three groups: 1st group: CI: 1.5-2.0 L /(min•m2), 2nd group: CI: 2.0-3.0 L /(min•m2), 3rd group: CI: 3.0-4.0 L /(min•m2),and which CI \< 1.5 or CI \> 4.0 was eliminated the experimental group, which, in control group, CI\< 2.5 or CI \>4.0 was eliminated the experimental group.
Interventions
DRUGNitroglycerin
The starting rate of nitroglycerin was 0.25 μg / kg / min and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased to 80% of the baseline but not less than 70%.The drug infusion rate was adjusted so that the MAP was maintained in the range to the suture, and the administration was stopped and the blood pressure was gradually returned to the pre-depressurization level.
Sponsors
Liang Bing
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
35 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. Aged between 35 and 70 years 2. Patients, undergoing canal decompression, intervertebral disc extraction and pedicle screw fixation (1 vertebral body)
Exclusion criteria
1. History of cardiovascular function 1. congestive heart failure \[CHF\] 2. coronary artery disease \[CAD\] 3. cerebrovascular insuffiency) 2. poorly controlled arterial hypertension 3. pre-existing coagulation defects 4. Patients taking anticoagulatory medication including aspirin 5. Patients taking corticosteroid therapy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| cardiac index(CI) at 5 minutes after tubation | 5 minutes after tubation | cardiac index (CI,L/min/m\^2) |
| cardiac index(CI) after the induction | during surgery | cardiac index (CI,L/min/m\^2) |
| cardiac index(CI) after the participants are taken into the operating room | during surgery | CI(L/min/m\^2) |
| cardiac index(CI) at 5 minutes after extubation | 5 minutes after extubation | cardiac index (CI,L/min/m\^2) |
| cardiac index(CI) at 1 minute after extubation | 1 minute after extubation | cardiac index (CI,L/min/m\^2) |
| cardiac index(CI) at the end of surgery | at the end of surgery | cardiac index (CI,L/min/m\^2). |
| cardiac index(CI) at 45 minutes after tubation | 45 minutes after tubation | cardiac index (CI,L/min/m\^2) |
| cardiac index(CI) at 30 minutes after tubation | 30 minutes after tubation | cardiac index (CI,L/min/m\^2) |
| cardiac index(CI) at 15 minutes after tubation | 15 minutes after tubation | cardiac index (CI,L/min/m\^2) |
| cardiac index(CI) at 10 minutes after tubation | 10 minutes after tubation | cardiac index (CI,L/min/m\^2). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| central venous pressure(CVP) at the end of surgery | at the end of surgery | CVP(mmHg) |
| heart rate(HR) at 5 minutes after tubation | 5 minutes after tubation | HR(heart rate,beat per minute), |
| central venous pressure(CVP) at 5 minutes after tubation | 5 minutes after tubation | CVP(mmHg) |
| variability of stroke volume(SVV) at 5 minutes after tubation | 5 minutes after tubation | SVV (variability of stroke volume,%) |
| mean artery pressure(MAP) at 10 minutes after tubation | 10 minutes after tubation | MAP(mmHg) |
| heart rate(HR) at 10 minutes after tubation | 10 minutes after tubation | HR(heart rate,beat per minute) |
| central venous pressure(CVP) at 10 minutes after tubation | 10 minutes after tubation | CVP(mmHg) |
| variability of stroke volume(SVV) at 10 minutes after tubation | 10 minutes after tubation | SVV (variability of stroke volume,%) |
| mean artery pressure(MAP) at 15 minutes after tubation | 15 minutes after tubation | MAP(mmHg) |
| heart rate(HR) at 15 minutes after tubation | 15 minutes after tubation | HR(heart rate,beat per minute) |
| central venous pressure(CVP) at 15 minutes after tubation | 15 minutes after tubation | CVP(mmHg) |
| variability of stroke volume(SVV) at 15 minutes after tubation | 15 minutes after tubation | SVV (variability of stroke volume,%) |
| mean artery pressure(MAP) at 30 minutes after tubation | 30 minutes after tubation | MAP(mmHg) |
| heart rate(HR) at 30 minutes after tubation | 30 minutes after tubation | HR(heart rate,beat per minute) |
| central venous pressure(CVP) at 30 minutes after tubation | 30 minutes after tubation | CVP(mmHg) |
| variability of stroke volume(SVV) at 30 minutes after tubation | 30 minutes after tubation | SVV (variability of stroke volume,%) |
| mean artery pressure(MAP) at 45 minutes after tubation | 45 minutes after tubation | MAP(mmHg) |
| heart rate(HR) at 45 minutes after tubation | 45 minutes after tubation | HR(heart rate,beat per minute) |
| central venous pressure(CVP) at 45 minutes after tubation | 45 minutes after tubation | CVP(mmHg) |
| variability of stroke volume(SVV) at 45 minutes after tubation | 45 minutes after tubation | SVV (variability of stroke volume,%) |
| mean artery pressure(MAP) at the end of surgery | at the end of surgery | MAP(mmHg) |
| variability of stroke volume(SVV) at the end of surgery | at the end of surgery | SVV (variability of stroke volume,%) |
| heart rate(HR) at the end of surgery | at the end of surgery | HR(heart rate,beat per minute) |
| mean artery pressure(MAP) at 1 minute after extubation | 1 minute after extubation | MAP(mmHg) |
| heart rate(HR) at 1 minute after extubation | 1 minute after extubation | HR(heart rate,beat per minute) |
| variability of stroke volume(SVV) at 1 minute after extubation | 1 minute after extubation | SVV (variability of stroke volume,%) |
| central venous pressure(CVP) at 1 minute after extubation | 1 minute after extubation | CVP(mmHg) |
| mean artery pressure(MAP) at 5 minutes after extubation | 5 minutes after extubation | MAP(mmHg) |
| central venous pressure(CVP) at 5 minutes after extubation | 5 minutes after extubation | CVP(mmHg) |
| heart rate(HR) at 5 minutes after extubation | 5 minutes after extubation | HR(heart rate,beat per minute) |
| variability of stroke volume(SVV) at 5 minutes after extubation | 5 minutes after extubation | SVV (variability of stroke volume,%) |
| Partial pressure of oxygen after the participants are taken into the operating room | during surgery | Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2,mmHg) |
| Arterial oxygen saturation after the participants are taken into the operating room | during surgery | Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2,%) |
| Arterial blood hemoglobin after the participants are taken into the operating room | during surgery | Arterial blood hemoglobin (Hb,g/L) |
| Arterial blood lactate after the participants are taken into the operating room | during surgery | Arterial blood lactate (Lac,mmol/L) |
| Partial pressure central venous oxygen after the participants are taken into the operating room | during surgery | Partial pressure central venous oxygen(PvO2,mmHg) |
| Central venous blood oxygen saturation after the participants are taken into the operating room | during surgery | Central venous blood oxygen saturation(ScvO2,%) |
| Oxygen supply index after the participants are taken into the operating room | during surgery | Oxygen supply index (DO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Oxygen consumption index after the participants are taken into the operating room | during surgery | Oxygen consumption index (VO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Partial pressure of oxygen after the induction | during surgery | Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2,mmHg) |
| Arterial oxygen saturation after the induction | during surgery | Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2,%) |
| Arterial blood hemoglobin after the induction | during surgery | Arterial blood hemoglobin (Hb,g/L) |
| Arterial blood lactate after the induction | during surgery | Arterial blood lactate (Lac,mmol/L) |
| Partial pressure central venous oxygen after the induction | during surgery | Partial pressure central venous oxygen(PvO2,mmHg) |
| Central venous blood oxygen saturation after the induction | during surgery | Central venous blood oxygen saturation(ScvO2,%) |
| Oxygen supply index after the induction | during surgery | Oxygen supply index (DO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Oxygen consumption index after the induction | during surgery | Oxygen consumption index (VO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Partial pressure of oxygen at 5 minutes after tubation | 5 minutes after tubation | Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2,mmHg) |
| Arterial oxygen saturation at 5 minutes after tubation | 5 minutes after tubation | Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2,%) |
| Arterial blood hemoglobin at 5 minutes after tubation | 5 minutes after tubation | Arterial blood hemoglobin (Hb,g/L) |
| Arterial blood lactate at 5 minutes after tubation | 5 minutes after tubation | Arterial blood lactate (Lac,mmol/L) |
| Partial pressure central venous oxygen at 5 minutes after tubation | 5 minutes after tubation | Partial pressure central venous oxygen(PvO2,mmHg) |
| Central venous blood oxygen saturation at 5 minutes after tubation | 5 minutes after tubation | Central venous blood oxygen saturation(ScvO2,%) |
| Oxygen supply index at 5 minutes after tubation | 5 minutes after tubation | Oxygen supply index (DO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Oxygen consumption index at 5 minutes after tubation | 5 minutes after tubation | Oxygen consumption index (VO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Partial pressure of oxygen at 10 minutes after tubation | 10 minutes after tubation | Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2,mmHg) |
| Arterial oxygen saturation at 10 minutes after tubation | 10 minutes after tubation | Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2,%) |
| Arterial blood hemoglobin at 10 minutes after tubation | 10 minutes after tubation | Arterial blood hemoglobin (Hb,g/L) |
| Arterial blood lactate at 10 minutes after tubation | 10 minutes after tubation | Arterial blood lactate (Lac,mmol/L) |
| Partial pressure central venous oxygen at 10 minutes after tubation | 10 minutes after tubation | Partial pressure central venous oxygen(PvO2,mmHg) |
| Central venous blood oxygen saturation at 10 minutes after tubation | 10 minutes after tubation | Central venous blood oxygen saturation(ScvO2,%) |
| Oxygen supply index at 10 minutes after tubation | 10 minutes after tubation | Oxygen supply index (DO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Oxygen consumption index at 10 minutes after tubation | 10 minutes after tubation | Oxygen consumption index (VO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Partial pressure of oxygen at 15 minutes after tubation | 15 minutes after tubation | Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2,mmHg) |
| Arterial oxygen saturation at 15 minutes after tubation | 15 minutes after tubation | Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2,%) |
| Arterial blood hemoglobin at 15 minutes after tubation | 15 minutes after tubation | Arterial blood hemoglobin (Hb,g/L) |
| Arterial blood lactate at 15 minutes after tubation | 15 minutes after tubation | Arterial blood lactate (Lac,mmol/L) |
| Partial pressure central venous oxygen at 15 minutes after tubation | 15 minutes after tubation | Partial pressure central venous oxygen(PvO2,mmHg) |
| Central venous blood oxygen saturation at 15 minutes after tubation | 15 minutes after tubation | Central venous blood oxygen saturation(ScvO2,%) |
| Oxygen supply index at 15 minutes after tubation | 15 minutes after tubation | Oxygen supply index (DO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Calculated index at 15 minutes after tubation | 15 minutes after tubation | Oxygen consumption index (VO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Partial pressure of oxygen at 30 minutes after tubation | 30 minutes after tubation | Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2,mmHg) |
| Arterial oxygen saturation at 30 minutes after tubation | 30 minutes after tubation | Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2,%) |
| Arterial blood hemoglobin at 30 minutes after tubation | 30 minutes after tubation | Arterial blood hemoglobin (Hb,g/L) |
| Arterial blood lactate at 30 minutes after tubation | 30 minutes after tubation | Arterial blood lactate (Lac,mmol/L) |
| Partial pressure central venous oxygen at 30 minutes after tubation | 30 minutes after tubation | Partial pressure central venous oxygen(PvO2,mmHg) |
| Central venous blood oxygen saturation at 30 minutes after tubation | 30 minutes after tubation | Central venous blood oxygen saturation(ScvO2,%) |
| Oxygen supply index at 30 minutes after tubation | 30 minutes after tubation | Oxygen supply index (DO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Oxygen consumption index at 30 minutes after tubation | 30 minutes after tubation | Oxygen consumption index (VO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Partial pressure of oxygen at 45 minutes after tubation | 45 minutes after tubation | Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2,mmHg) |
| Arterial oxygen saturation at 45 minutes after tubation | 45 minutes after tubation | Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2,%) |
| Arterial blood hemoglobin at 45 minutes after tubation | 45 minutes after tubation | Arterial blood hemoglobin (Hb,g/L) |
| Partial pressure central venous oxygen at 45 minutes after tubation | 45 minutes after tubation | Partial pressure central venous oxygen(PvO2,mmHg) |
| Arterial blood lactate at 45 minutes after tubation | 45 minutes after tubation | Arterial blood lactate (Lac,mmol/L) |
| Oxygen supply index at 45 minutes after tubation | 45 minutes after tubation | Oxygen supply index (DO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Oxygen consumption index at 45 minutes after tubation | 45 minutes after tubation | Oxygen consumption index (VO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Central venous blood oxygen saturation at 45 minutes after tubation | 45 minutes after tubation | Central venous blood oxygen saturation(ScvO2,%) |
| Partial pressure of oxygen at the end of surgery | at the end of surgery | Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2,mmHg) |
| Arterial oxygen saturation at the end of surgery | at the end of surgery | Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2,%) |
| Arterial blood hemoglobin at the end of surgery | at the end of surgery | Arterial blood hemoglobin (Hb,g/L) |
| Arterial blood lactate at the end of surgery | at the end of surgery | Arterial blood lactate (Lac,mmol/L) |
| Partial pressure central venous oxygen at the end of surgery | at the end of surgery | Partial pressure central venous oxygen(PvO2,mmHg) |
| Central venous blood oxygen saturation at the end of surgery | at the end of surgery | Central venous blood oxygen saturation(ScvO2,%) |
| Oxygen supply index at the end of surgery | at the end of surgery | Oxygen supply index (DO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Oxygen consumption index at the end of surgery | at the end of surgery | Oxygen consumption index (VO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Partial pressure of oxygen at 1 minute after extubation | 1 minute after extubation | Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2,mmHg) |
| Arterial oxygen saturation at 1 minute after extubation | 1 minute after extubation | Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2,%) |
| Arterial blood hemoglobin at 1 minute after extubation | 1 minute after extubation | Arterial blood hemoglobin (Hb,g/L) |
| Arterial blood lactate at 1 minute after extubation | 1 minute after extubation | Arterial blood lactate (Lac,mmol/L) |
| Partial pressure central venous oxygen at 1 minute after extubation | 1 minute after extubation | Partial pressure central venous oxygen(PvO2,mmHg) |
| Central venous blood oxygen saturation at 1 minute after extubation | 1 minute after extubation | Central venous blood oxygen saturation(ScvO2,%) |
| Oxygen supply index at 1 minute after extubation | 1 minute after extubation | Oxygen supply index (DO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Oxygen consumption index at 1 minute after extubation | 1 minute after extubation | Oxygen consumption index (VO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Plartia pressure of oxygen at 5 minutes after extubation | 5 minutes after extubation | Plartia pressure of oxygen (PaO2,mmHg) |
| Arterial oxygen saturation at 5 minutes after extubation | 5 minutes after extubation | Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2,%) |
| Arterial blood hemoglobin at 5 minutes after extubation | 5 minutes after extubation | Arterial blood hemoglobin (Hb,g/L) |
| Arterial blood lactate at 5 minutes after extubation | 5 minutes after extubation | Arterial blood lactate (Lac,mmol/L) |
| Partial pressure central venous oxygen at 5 minutes after extubation | 5 minutes after extubation | Partial pressure central venous oxnyge(PvO2,mmHg) |
| Central venous blood oxygen saturation at 5 minutes after extubation | 5 minutes after extubation | Central venous blood oxygen saturation(ScvO2,%) |
| Oxygen supply index at 5 minutes after extubation | 5 minutes after extubation | Oxygen supply index (DO2I,ml/min/m\^2) |
| Oxygen consumption index at 5 minutes after extubation | 5 minutes after extubation | Oxygen consumption index (VO2I,ml/min/m\^2). |
| mean artery pressure(MAP) after the participants are taken into the operatin after the participantsg room | during surgery | MAP(mmHg) |
| heart rate(HR) after the participants are taken into the operating room | during surgery | HR(beat per minute) |
| central venous pressure(CVP) after the participants are taken into the operating room | during surgery | CVP(mmHg) |
| variability of stroke volume(SVV) after the participants are taken into the operating room | during surgery | SVV (%) |
| mean artery pressure(MAP) after the induction | during surgery | MAP(mmHg) |
| heart rate(HR) after the induction | during surgery | HR(heart rate,beat per minute) |
| central venous pressure(CVP) after the induction | during surgery | CVP(mmHg) |
| variability of stroke volume(SVV) after the induction | during surgery | SVV (variability of stroke volume,%) |
| mean artery pressure(MAP) at 5 minutes after tubation | 5 minutes after tubation | MAP(mmHg)m\^2) |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Scores of surgical field quality at the end of surgery | at the end of surgery | Scores of surgical field quality by Fromme et al. and Boezzart et al.(Score 5 means massive uncontrollable bleeding.Score 4 means heavy but controllable bleeding, significant interference with dissection.Score 3 means moderate bleeding,modest compromise of the surgical field. Score 2 means moderate bleeding,nuisance in regard to the surgical field ,but no actual compromise of the ability to dissect.Score 1 means mild bleeding,but no interference with dissection.Score 0 means minimal bleeding,very dry field). |
| Scores of surgical field quality at 5 minutes after extubation | 5 minutes after extubation | Scores of surgical field quality by Fromme et al. and Boezzart et al.(Score 5 means massive uncontrollable bleeding.Score 4 means heavy but controllable bleeding, significant interference with dissection.Score 3 means moderate bleeding,modest compromise of the surgical field. Score 2 means moderate bleeding,nuisance in regard to the surgical field ,but no actual compromise of the ability to dissect.Score 1 means mild bleeding,but no interference with dissection.Score 0 means minimal bleeding,very dry field). |
| Scores of surgical field quality at 1 minute after extubation | 1 minute after extubation | Scores of surgical field quality by Fromme et al. and Boezzart et al.(Score 5 means massive uncontrollable bleeding.Score 4 means heavy but controllable bleeding, significant interference with dissection.Score 3 means moderate bleeding,modest compromise of the surgical field. Score 2 means moderate bleeding,nuisance in regard to the surgical field ,but no actual compromise of the ability to dissect.Score 1 means mild bleeding,but no interference with dissection.Score 0 means minimal bleeding,very dry field). |
| operation time after the induction | during surgery | operation time（minutes） |
| operation time after the participants are taken into the operating room | during surgery | operation time（minutes） |
| operation time at 5 minutes after tubation | 5 minutes after tubation | operation time（minutes） |
| operation time at 5 minutes after extubation | 5 minutes after extubation | operation time（minutes） |
| operation time at 1 minute after extubation | 1 minute after extubation | operation time（mintes） |
| estimated blood loss after the induction | during surgery | estimated blood loss（ml） |
| estimated blood loss after the participants are taken into the operating room | during surgery | estimated blood loss（ml） |
| estimated blood loss at 5 minutes after tubation | 5 minutes after tubation | estimated blood loss（ml） |
| estimated blood loss at 10 minutes after tubation | 10 minutes after tubation | estimated blood loss（ml） |
| estimated blood loss at 15 minutes after tubation | 15 minutes after tubation | estimated blood loss（ml） |
| estimated blood loss at 30 minutes after tubation | 30 minutes after tubation | estimated blood loss（ml） |
| estimated blood loss at 45minutes after tubation | 45 minutes after tubation | estimated blood loss（ml） |
| estimated blood loss at the end of surgery | at the end of surgery | estimated blood loss（ml） |
| estimated blood loss at 1 minute after extubation | 1 minute after extubation | estimated blood loss（ml） |
| estimated blood loss at 5 minutes after extubation | 5 minutes after extubation | estimated blood loss（ml） |
| Scores of surgical field quality after the participants are taken into the operating room | during surgery | Scores of surgical field quality by Fromme et al. and Boezzart et al.(Score 5 means massive uncontrollable bleeding.Score 4 means heavy but controllable bleeding, significant interference with dissection.Score 3 means moderate bleeding,modest compromise of the surgical field. Score 2 means moderate bleeding,nuisance in regard to the surgical field ,but no actual compromise of the ability to dissect.Score 1 means mild bleeding,but no interference with dissection.Score 0 means minimal bleeding,very dry field). |
| Scores of surgical field quality at 45 minutes after tubation | 45 minutes after tubation | Scores of surgical field quality by Fromme et al. and Boezzart et al.(Score 5 means massive uncontrollable bleeding.Score 4 means heavy but controllable bleeding, significant interference with dissection.Score 3 means moderate bleeding,modest compromise of the surgical field. Score 2 means moderate bleeding,nuisance in regard to the surgical field ,but no actual compromise of the ability to dissect.Score 1 means mild bleeding,but no interference with dissection.Score 0 means minimal bleeding,very dry field). |
| Scores of surgical field quality at 30 minutes after tubation | 30 minutes after tubation | Scores of surgical field quality by Fromme et al. and Boezzart et al.(Score 5 means massive uncontrollable bleeding.Score 4 means heavy but controllable bleeding, significant interference with dissection.Score 3 means moderate bleeding,modest compromise of the surgical field. Score 2 means moderate bleeding,nuisance in regard to the surgical field ,but no actual compromise of the ability to dissect.Score 1 means mild bleeding,but no interference with dissection.Score 0 means minimal bleeding,very dry field). |
| Scores of surgical field quality at 15 minutes after tubation | 15 minutes after tubation | Scores of surgical field quality by Fromme et al. and Boezzart et al.(Score 5 means massive uncontrollable bleeding.Score 4 means heavy but controllable bleeding, significant interference with dissection.Score 3 means moderate bleeding,modest compromise of the surgical field. Score 2 means moderate bleeding,nuisance in regard to the surgical field ,but no actual compromise of the ability to dissect.Score 1 means mild bleeding,but no interference with dissection.Score 0 means minimal bleeding,very dry field). |
| Scores of surgical field quality at 10 minutes after tubation | 10 minutes after tubation | Scores of surgical field quality by Fromme et al. and Boezzart et al.(Score 5 means massive uncontrollable bleeding.Score 4 means heavy but controllable bleeding, significant interference with dissection.Score 3 means moderate bleeding,modest compromise of the surgical field. Score 2 means moderate bleeding,nuisance in regard to the surgical field ,but no actual compromise of the ability to dissect.Score 1 means mild bleeding,but no interference with dissection.Score 0 means minimal bleeding,very dry field). |
| Scores of surgical field quality at 5 minutes after tubation | 5 minutes after tubation | Scores of surgical field quality by Fromme et al. and Boezzart et al.(Score 5 means massive uncontrollable bleeding.Score 4 means heavy but controllable bleeding, significant interference with dissection.Score 3 means moderate bleeding,modest compromise of the surgical field. Score 2 means moderate bleeding,nuisance in regard to the surgical field ,but no actual compromise of the ability to dissect.Score 1 means mild bleeding,but no interference with dissection.Score 0 means minimal bleeding,very dry field). |
| Scores of surgical field quality after the induction | during surgery | Scores of surgical field quality by Fromme et al. and Boezzart et al.(Score 5 means massive uncontrollable bleeding.Score 4 means heavy but controllable bleeding, significant interference with dissection.Score 3 means moderate bleeding,modest compromise of the surgical field. Score 2 means moderate bleeding,nuisance in regard to the surgical field ,but no actual compromise of the ability to dissect.Score 1 means mild bleeding,but no interference with dissection.Score 0 means minimal bleeding,very dry field). |
| operation time at 10 minutes after tubation | 10 minutes after tubation | operation time（minutes） |
| operation time at the end of surgery | at the end of surgery | operation time（minutes） |
| operation time at 45 minutes after tubation | 45 minutes after tubation | operation time（minutes） |
| operation time at 30 minutes after tubation | 30 minutes after tubation | operation time（minutes） |
| operation time at 15 minutes after tubation | 15 minutes after tubation | operation time（minutes） |
Countries
China
Contacts
Primary ContactCao Yang
Backup ContactYang
Outcome results
None listed