Schizophrenia
Conditions
Brief summary
To examine the effects of calligraphy activity on symptoms, attention, emotion, and quality of life in people with schizophrenia. We hypothesized that through a six-month intervention using calligraphy activity, people with schizophrenia will have their symptoms decreased, attention improved, emotion enhanced, and quality of life increased. This study will adopt single-blind, randomized controlled trial, and 160 people with schizophrenia will be recruited in this study. They will be randomly assigned to either a calligraphy activity group (treatment group; n=80) or an occupational activity group (control group; n=80). Participants will complete assessments at pretest, posttest, and 3-month follow-up using the following instruments: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Chu's Attention Test, The Taiwanese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-T), WHO questionnaire on the Quality of Life, Brief Form (WHOQOL-BREF), and Chinese Depression Anxiety Stress Scales(DASS21).
Interventions
BEHAVIORALCalligraphy
Participants will (1) detect the emotion him or herself; (2) do the calligraphy activity by writing positive terms (e.g., peace, life); (3) detect emotion again; (4) share the experience with group members.
Sponsors
Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to 64 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Inpatients * With diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder * Not in acute stage * Voluntarily participate
Exclusion criteria
* Severe cognition level or intellectual disability that prevent from participation * Severe behavioral problems and symptoms that prevent from participation * People with blindness
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in emotion | Changes from baseline, end of study (3 months after baseline), and 6 months after baseline | Emotion is assessed using self-report of Chinese Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. The scale includes three subscales: depression (score range 0-21; higher score indicates higher depression), anxiety (score range 0-21; higher score indicates higher anxiety), and stress (score range 0-21; higher score indicates higher stress). |
| Changes in attention | Changes from baseline, end of study (3 months after baseline), and 6 months after baseline | Attention is assessed using Chu's Attention Test. The test contains 200 items and is assessed in 10 minutes with two scores calculated: correct number (answered number-number of error answer); rate of correct number (correct number divided by answered number). Higher scores in correct number and rate of correct number indicate better attention. |
| Changes in syndrome | Changes from baseline, end of study (3 months after baseline), and 6 months after baseline | Symptoms are assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. The scale includes three subscales: positive symptom (score range 7-49; higher score indicates more positive symptoms), negative symptoms (score range 7-49; higher score indicates more negative symptoms), and general psychopathology (score range 16-112; higher score indicates more general symptoms). |
| Changes in cognition | Changes from baseline, end of study (3 months after baseline), and 6 months after baseline | Cognition is assessed using Taiwanese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The score range of the scale is between 0 and 30, a higher score indicates better cognition. |
| Changes in quality of life | Changes from baseline, end of study (3 months after baseline), and 6 months after baseline | Quality of life is assessed using WHO questionnaire on the Quality of Life, Brief Form. The scale includes four subscales: physical (score range 4-20; higher score indicates better physical quality of life); psychological (score range: 4-20; higher score indicates better psychological quality of life); social (score range: 4-20; higher score indicates better social quality of life); environment (score range: 4-20; higher score indicates better environment quality of life). |
Countries
Taiwan
Outcome results
None listed