Anxiety, Breast Cancer, Breast Pain, Coping Skills, Pain, Acute, Self Efficacy
Conditions
Keywords
Controlled Breathing, MRI-Guided Breast Biopsy, Breast Pain, Body Pain, Anticipatory Pain, Anxiety, Coping Skills, Self Efficacy
Brief summary
The proposed randomized study evaluates whether a controlled breathing intervention could be efficacious for reducing pain in the MRI-guided breast biopsy setting. Support for this intervention stems from experimental and clinical studies on the effects of controlled breathing on pain. Implementing a controlled breathing intervention during MRI-guided breast biopsy has the potential to provide effective pain management in this outpatient setting. The primary study objectives are to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a novel audio-recorded controlled breathing intervention for reducing breast and body pain in women undergoing MRI-guided breast biopsy. The secondary study objectives are to evaluate the effects of controlled breathing on measures of physiological reactivity (i.e., blood pressure and heart rate), pain catastrophizing, and self-efficacy for pain and anxiety.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALControlled Breathing Intervention
Participants in the controlled breathing intervention will be provided with headphones to listen to the guided intervention audio file. The intervention will guide participants to breathe at a rate of six breaths per minute (approximately 50% of their normal breathing rate).
Sponsors
Duke University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Caregiver)
Masking description
Both conditions receive audio-recordings, and the radiologist care providers are blinded to the audio recordings participants receive.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Women undergoing MRI-guided core needle breast biopsy at the Duke Cancer Institute * Ability to speak and read in English * Age ≥ 18 years * Ability to provide meaningful consent
Exclusion criteria
* Hearing impairment that is documented in the medical record that would limit the use of the guided intervention or music * Cognitive impairment that is documented in the medical record or results in being unable to provide meaningful consent * Undergoing IV-administered sedation
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Body pain pre-biopsy: Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Severity Scale | Baseline | Body pain pre-biopsy will be will be assessed using four questions from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Severity Scale. Women will be asked to rate 1) worst, 2) least, and 3) average body pain during the past week, as well as 4) current body pain on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as it could be). Consistent with BPI scoring, items will be averaged to create a composite score that had a possible range of 0 to 10 with higher scores indicating greater pain. |
| Breast pain pre-biopsy: Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Severity Scale | Baseline | Breast pain pre-biopsy will be will be assessed using four questions from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Severity Scale. Women will be asked to rate 1) worst, 2) least, and 3) average breast pain during the past week, as well as 4) current breast pain on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as it could be). Consistent with BPI scoring, items will be averaged to create a composite score that had a possible range of 0 to 10 with higher scores indicating greater pain. |
| Body pain after positioning on the MRI table: Numerical rating scale (NRS) | After positioning on the MRI table, within 1 minute | Body pain after positioning on the MRI table for the biopsy procedure will be will be assessed using a verbally-administered numerical rating scale (NRS) that ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as it could be) with higher scores indicating greater pain. |
| Breast pain after local anesthetic injection: Numerical rating scale (NRS) | After each superficial local anesthetic injection, within 1 minute | Breast pain after each superficial local anesthetic injection during the biopsy procedure will be will be assessed using a verbally-administered numerical rating scale (NRS) that ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as it could be) with higher scores indicating greater pain. |
| Breast pain after deeper local anesthetic injection: Numerical rating scale (NRS) | After each deeper local anesthetic injection, within 1 minute | Breast pain after each deeper local anesthetic injection during the biopsy procedure will be will be assessed using a verbally-administered numerical rating scale (NRS) that ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as it could be) with higher scores indicating greater pain. |
| Body pain after introducer insertion: Numerical rating scale (NRS) | After last introducer insertion, within 1 minute | Body pain after the last introducer is inserted will be will be assessed using a verbally-administered numerical rating scale (NRS) that ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as it could be) with higher scores indicating greater pain. |
| Breast pain after tissue sampling: Numerical rating scale (NRS) | After last tissue sampling at each biopsy site, within 1 minute | Breast pain after the last tissue sampling at each biopsy site will be will be assessed using a verbally-administered numerical rating scale (NRS) that ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as it could be) with higher scores indicating greater pain. |
| Body pain after introducer sheath removal: Numerical rating scale (NRS) | After last introducer sheath removal, within 1 minute | Body pain after the last introducer sheath is removed will be will be assessed using a verbally-administered numerical rating scale (NRS) that ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as it could be) with higher scores indicating greater pain. |
| Body pain post-biopsy: Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Severity Scale | Post-biopsy, within 1 minute | Body pain post-biopsy will be will be assessed using four questions from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Severity Scale. Women will be asked to rate 1) worst, 2) least, and 3) average body pain during the biopsy procedure, as well as 4) current body pain on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as it could be). Consistent with BPI scoring, items will be averaged to create a composite score that had a possible range of 0 to 10 with higher scores indicating greater pain. |
| Breast pain post-biopsy: Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Severity Scale | Post-biopsy, within 1 minute | Breast pain post-biopsy will be will be assessed using four questions from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Severity Scale. Women will be asked to rate 1) worst, 2) least, and 3) average breast pain during the biopsy procedure, as well as 4) current breast pain on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as it could be). Consistent with BPI scoring, items will be averaged to create a composite score that had a possible range of 0 to 10 with higher scores indicating greater pain. |
| Body pain 24 hours post-biopsy: Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Severity Scale | 24 hours post-biopsy | Body pain 24 hours post-biopsy will be will be assessed using four questions from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Severity Scale. Women will be asked to rate 1) worst, 2) least, and 3) average body pain in the 24 hours post-biopsy, as well as 4) current body pain on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as it could be). Consistent with BPI scoring, items will be averaged to create a composite score that had a possible range of 0 to 10 with higher scores indicating greater pain. |
| Breast pain 24 hours post-biopsy: Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Severity Scale | 24 hours post-biopsy | Breast pain 24 hours post-biopsy will be will be assessed using four questions from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Severity Scale. Women will be asked to rate 1) worst, 2) least, and 3) average breast pain in the 24 hours post-biopsy, as well as 4) current breast pain on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as it could be). Consistent with BPI scoring, items will be averaged to create a composite score that had a possible range of 0 to 10 with higher scores indicating greater pain. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of pre-biopsy body pain sites: Body map | Baseline | To indicate the number of pre-biopsy body pain sites, participants will complete a full body map, indicating the locations of body pain. |
| Number of pre-biopsy breast pain sites: Breast map | Baseline | To indicate the number of pre-biopsy breast pain sites, participants will complete a breast map (showing the chest, shoulders, and upper arms), indicating the locations of breast pain. |
| Anticipated body pain: Anticipatory body pain scale | Baseline | Prior to biopsy, one question will be asked to assess anticipated body pain (i.e., How much body pain do you think you will experience during the biopsy today?) on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as it could be) with higher scores indicating greater anticipated pain. |
| Anticipated breast pain: Anticipatory breast pain scale | Baseline | Prior to biopsy, one question will be asked to assess anticipated breast pain (i.e., How much breast pain do you think you will experience during the biopsy today?) on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as it could be) with higher scores indicating greater anticipated pain. |
| Anxiety pre-biopsy: State Anxiety Scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) | Baseline | The State Anxiety Scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) will assess the degree of anxiety pre-biopsy. Participants will rate each of the 20 items on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (not at all) through 4 (very much). Items will be summed, creating a total score (possible range: 20-80). |
| Likelihood of cancer pre-biopsy: Likelihood of cancer scale | Baseline | Likelihood of cancer will be assessed pre-biopsy using a 1 single-item scale. Participants will be asked to indicate what they were told regarding the likelihood of cancer from their recommending radiologist on a scale from 0 (not applicable - they did not discuss this with me) to 5 (high likelihood of cancer) with higher scores indicating a greater likelihood of cancer. |
| Pain coping strategies pre-biopsy: Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) | Baseline | To assess the use of pain coping strategies pre-biopsy, participants will complete the 14-item Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ). Participants will rate how frequently they use seven pain coping strategies (two items per scale) on a scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 6 (a lot). Items will be averaged, giving a total score on each scale ranging from 0 to 6 with higher scores indicating greater use of pain coping strategies. |
| Self-efficacy for pain and anxiety pre-biopsy: Self-efficacy for pain and anxiety scale | Baseline | To assess self-efficacy for managing pain and anxiety pre-biopsy, participants will complete a 4-item scale. Items will be rated on a 10-point scale from 1 (not certain) to 10 (very certain). Items will be averaged to create a composite score, ranging from 0 to 10 with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy. |
| Blood pressure pre-biopsy | Baseline | Blood pressure (systolic/diastolic) pre-biopsy will be measured using an MRI-compatible blood pressure cuff. |
| Pulse pre-biopsy | Baseline | Heart rate pre-biopsy will be measured using an MRI-compatible pulse oximeter. |
| Blood pressure after positioning on the MRI table | After positioning on the MRI table, within 1 minute | Blood pressure (systolic/diastolic) after positioning on the MRI table will be measured using an MRI-compatible blood pressure cuff. |
| Pulse after positioning on the MRI table | After positioning on the MRI table, within 1 minute | Heart rate after positioning on the MRI table will be measured using an MRI-compatible pulse oximeter. |
| Blood pressure after introducer insertion | After last introducer insertion, within 1 minute | Blood pressure (systolic/diastolic) after the last introducer is inserted will be measured using an MRI-compatible blood pressure cuff. |
| Pulse after after introducer insertion | After last introducer insertion, within 1 minute | Heart rate after the last introducer is inserted will be measured using an MRI-compatible pulse oximeter. |
| Blood pressure after introducer sheath removal | After last introducer sheath removal, within 1 minute | Blood pressure (systolic/diastolic) after the last introducer sheath is removed will be measured using an MRI-compatible blood pressure cuff. |
| Pulse after introducer sheath removal | After last introducer sheath removal, within 1 minute | Heart rate after the last introducer sheath is removed will be measured using an MRI-compatible pulse oximeter. |
| Anxiety post-biopsy: State Anxiety Scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) | Post-biopsy, within 1 hour | The State Anxiety Scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) will assess the degree of anxiety post-biopsy. Participants will rate each of the 20 items on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (not at all) through 4 (very much). Items will be summed, creating a total score (possible range: 20-80). |
| Likelihood of cancer post-biopsy: Likelihood of cancer scale | Post-biopsy, within 1 hour | Likelihood of cancer will be assessed post-biopsy using a single-item scale. Participants will be asked to indicate what they were told regarding the likelihood of cancer from the radiologist performing the biopsy on a scale from 0 (not applicable - they did not discuss this with me) to 5 (high likelihood of cancer). |
| Distraction from pain during biopsy: Attention to pain scale | Post-biopsy, within 1 hour | Using a 2-item self-report measure, participants will rate 1) the amount of attention they paid to the pain during biopsy and 2) the extent to which they were able to distract themselves from the pain during biopsy on an 11-point scale, ranging from 0 (not at all) to 10 (very much). An ''attention to pain score (range -10 to +10) will be calculated by subtracting the ability to distract from pain from the amount of attention to pain. The higher the score, the more attention paid to pain. |
| Distraction from pain during biopsy: Time spent thinking about pain scale | Post-biopsy, within 1 hour | Participants will also be asked to rate how much time they spent thinking about pain during the biopsy procedure on an 11-point scale, ranging from 0 (none of the time) to 10 (all of the time). |
| Relaxation during biopsy: Relaxation numerical rating scale (NRS) | Post-biopsy, within 1 hour | Participants will be asked to indicate how relaxed they were during the biopsy procedure on a scale, ranging from 0 (not relaxed) to 10 (extremely relaxed). |
| Relaxation during biopsy: Tension Subscale of the Profile of Mood State Short-Form | Post-biopsy, within 1 hour | Participants will also be provided with a list of six adjectives (i.e., tense, on-edge, uneasy, restless, nervous, and anxious) from the Tension Subscale of the Profile of Mood State Short-Form and be asked to rate each of the adjectives on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely). |
| Pain coping strategies post-biopsy: Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) | Post-biopsy, within 1 hour | To assess the use of pain coping strategies during the biopsy procedure, participants will complete the 14-item Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ). Participants will rate how frequently they used seven pain coping strategies (two items per scale) during the procedure on a scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 6 (a lot). Items will be averaged, giving a total score on each scale ranging from 0 to 6 with higher scores indicating greater use of pain coping strategies. |
| Self-efficacy for pain and anxiety during biopsy: Self-efficacy for pain and anxiety scale | Post-biopsy, within 1 hour | To assess self-efficacy for managing pain and anxiety during the biopsy procedure, participants will complete a 4-item scale. Items will be rated on a 10-point scale from 0 (not certain) to 10 (very certain). Items will be averaged to create a composite score, ranging from 0 to 10 with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy. |
| Anxiety 24 hours post-biopsy: State Anxiety Scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) | 24 hours post-biopsy | The State Anxiety Scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) will assess the degree of anxiety 24 hours post-biopsy. Participants will rate each of the 20 items on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (not at all) through 4 (very much). Items will be summed, creating a total score (possible range: 20-80). |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed