Anal Cancer, Cervical Cancer, Penile Cancer
Conditions
Brief summary
The goal of this study is to determine the effects of message framing (gain vs. loss) on African American parents' acceptance of the HPV vaccine and how such effects are moderated by parents' salient beliefs prior to message exposure. Participants are randomized into gain and loss conditions in which they view either gain-framed or loss-framed HPV vaccination messages. Key outcome variables include parents' attitudes and intentions toward vaccinating their children against HPV.
Detailed description
The goal of this study is to determine the effects of message framing (gain vs. loss) on African American parents' acceptance of the HPV vaccine and how such effects are moderated by parents' salient beliefs prior to message exposure. Participants recruited from local communities and online panels will complete a computer-assisted survey. In the survey participants will first answer questions related to their beliefs about HPV and the HPV vaccine (e.g., perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived efficacy, perceived safety, etc.), as well as other background information. Then they will be presented with either a gain-framed or loss-framed human papillomavirus vaccination message. After the message exposure, they will answer questions related to their attitudes toward HPV vaccination, intentions to vaccinate their children, as well as other message response measures. Eligible participants are at least 21 years old, self-identify as African American, and are custodial parents or caretakers of at least one child ages 9-17 who has not initiated the HPV vaccine series.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALHPV vaccination messages
Digital multimedia messages consisting of text and imagery conveying the benefits of being vaccinated against HPV, the costs of not being vaccinated against HPV, or neither benefits or costs but simply a call for action.
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
University of Maryland, College Park
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* 18 years or older * Self-identify as African American * Custodial parent or caretaker of at least one child under the age of 18 who has not been fully vaccinated against HPV. * Has access to Internet to complete the study
Exclusion criteria
* Younger than 18 years * Does not self-identify as African American * Not a custodial parent or caretaker of at least one child under the age of 18 who has not been fully vaccinated against HPV. * Has no access to Internet to complete the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Attitudes | baseline posttest (test was approximately 5 minutes to complete) | Attitudes toward HPV vaccination for children Scale range: 1-7 (higher score indicates more positive attitude) Subscales were averaged. |
| Intention to Vaccinate Free of Cost | baseline posttest (test was approximately 5 minutes to complete) | Intention to have children vaccinated against HPV free of cost Scale range: 1-6 (higher score indicates stronger intention) Subscales were averaged. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Intention to Vaccinate With Cost | baseline posttest (test was approximately 5 minutes to complete) | Intention to have children vaccinated against HPV free with cost Scale range: 1-6 (higher score indicates stronger intention) Subscales were averaged. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Gain-framed Messages Participants in this arm receive gain-framed HPV vaccination messages.
HPV vaccination messages: Digital multimedia messages consisting of text and imagery conveying the benefits of being vaccinated against HPV, the costs of not being vaccinated against HPV, or neither benefits or costs but simply a call for action. | 380 |
| Loss-framed Messages Participants in this arm receive loss-framed HPV vaccination messages.
HPV vaccination messages: Digital multimedia messages consisting of text and imagery conveying the benefits of being vaccinated against HPV, the costs of not being vaccinated against HPV, or neither benefits or costs but simply a call for action. | 407 |
| Control Messages Participants in this arm receive non-framed HPV vaccination messages.
HPV vaccination messages: Digital multimedia messages consisting of text and imagery conveying the benefits of being vaccinated against HPV, the costs of not being vaccinated against HPV, or neither benefits or costs but simply a call for action. | 383 |
| Total | 1,170 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Control Messages | Gain-framed Messages | Loss-framed Messages | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 38.05 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.81 | 38.10 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.59 | 38.64 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.86 | 38.27 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.75 |
| Baseline Attitudes | 5.37 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.87 | 5.35 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.77 | 5.30 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.93 | 5.34 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.86 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 383 Participants | 380 Participants | 407 Participants | 1170 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Female | 262 Participants | 272 Participants | 299 Participants | 833 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Male | 111 Participants | 103 Participants | 99 Participants | 313 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Non-Binary | 5 Participants | 3 Participants | 5 Participants | 13 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Other | 5 Participants | 2 Participants | 4 Participants | 11 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Attitudes
Attitudes toward HPV vaccination for children Scale range: 1-7 (higher score indicates more positive attitude) Subscales were averaged.
Time frame: baseline posttest (test was approximately 5 minutes to complete)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gain-framed Messages | Attitudes | 5.61 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.74 |
| Loss-framed Messages | Attitudes | 5.56 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.94 |
| Control Messages | Attitudes | 5.51 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.87 |
Primary
Intention to Vaccinate Free of Cost
Intention to have children vaccinated against HPV free of cost Scale range: 1-6 (higher score indicates stronger intention) Subscales were averaged.
Time frame: baseline posttest (test was approximately 5 minutes to complete)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gain-framed Messages | Intention to Vaccinate Free of Cost | 4.56 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.57 |
| Loss-framed Messages | Intention to Vaccinate Free of Cost | 4.59 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.64 |
| Control Messages | Intention to Vaccinate Free of Cost | 4.46 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
Secondary
Intention to Vaccinate With Cost
Intention to have children vaccinated against HPV free with cost Scale range: 1-6 (higher score indicates stronger intention) Subscales were averaged.
Time frame: baseline posttest (test was approximately 5 minutes to complete)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gain-framed Messages | Intention to Vaccinate With Cost | 4.17 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Loss-framed Messages | Intention to Vaccinate With Cost | 4.27 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.79 |
| Control Messages | Intention to Vaccinate With Cost | 4.08 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.82 |