Pediatric Obesity
Conditions
Keywords
Pediatric Obesity, Lifestyle Intervention, Family-based Intervention, Motivational Interviewing
Brief summary
A randomized control trial to compare the efficacy of two distinct parent treatments on weight loss maintenance for adolescents with obesity participating in a lifestyle intervention including nutrition education, exercise and behavioral support. Funding support from NIH via 1R01HD095910
Detailed description
Investigators will recruit adolescents with overweight or obesity (BMI\>85th percentile) and a parent (BMI \> 25 kg/m2). Families will participate in one of two 4-month treatments: 1) TEENS+ Parents as Coaches (PAC), engaging parents as helpers in their child's weight management, or 2) TEENS+ Parent Weight Loss (PWL), engaging parents in their own weight management. All adolescents will participate in TEENS+, which includes behavioral support, nutrition education, and supervised physical activity. For adolescents, the intervention will consist of weekly behavioral weight management group sessions and weekly 1 hour exercise sessions. Each adolescent also has a monthly individual session with a behavior coach. Parent groups meet weekly for 1 hour according to treatment arm (PAC or PWL). All PWL sessions are separate from their adolescent. Bi-weekly sessions in the PAC arm are combined with parents and adolescent. Assessments will consist of anthropometric measures, psychological surveys and dietary and PA evaluations. Assessments will be completed at baseline, 2 months, 4 months (post-test), 8 months and 1 year.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALTEENS+Parents as Coaches
Parents as Coaches teaches parenting strategies to facilitate healthy weight loss in adolescent children; adolescents are in a group based behavioral weight management treatment.
BEHAVIORALTEENS+Parent Weight Loss
Parent Weight loss teaches core behavioral weight loss strategies and techniques for parent weight loss; adolescents are in a group based behavioral weight management treatment.
Sponsors
University of North Carolina
University of Tennessee
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
Virginia Commonwealth University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Assessors and the PI will be blind to treatment group.
Intervention model description
Randomized Control Trial
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
12 Years to 16 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Adolescent Inclusion Criteria: * BMI ≥ 85th percentile for age and gender according to the CDC Growth Charts * Age 12 to 16 * Must reside with the primary participating parent Parent Inclusion Criteria: * ≥18 * BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 * Must reside with the adolescent
Exclusion criteria
Adolescent
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Body Mass Index (BMI) Change | 4 months to 12 month [follow up phase] | Body Mass Index (BMI) change (kg/m2; adolescent) during the maintenance phase (4-month to 12-month). |
| Body Mass Index | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Anthropometry methods were used to measure height and weight to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). At 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months, trained staff measured adolescent height and weight (in light clothing and after a 12 hour fast) to the nearest 0.1cm and 0.1kg using a precision stadiometer and digital scale, respectively. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Role Modeling | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | At 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months, adolescents will complete the Family Experiences Related to Food Questionnaire (FERFQ) is an 8 or 9-item measure (father and mother version, respectively) that will assess family commentary about weight and shape as well as family modeling of diet and weight concerns. Scores range from 1-5 with higher scores indicating more negative role modeling of dietary behaviors. Results reflect the adolescent's perception on their parent (mom or dad) participating in the study. |
| Adolescent Reported Demandingness Parenting Style | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | The Authoritative Parenting Index (API) was used to assess adolescent-report of demandingness parenting style and will be administered at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months. Scores range from 7-28 with higher scores indicating greater perceived demandingness from the parent. Results reflect the adolescent's perception on their parent (mom or dad) participating in the study. |
| Adolescent Reported Authoritative Parenting Style | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | The Authoritative Parenting Index (API) was used to assess adolescent-report of authoritative parenting style and was administered at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months. Scores range from 16-64 with higher scores indicating the adolescent perceives their parent to have a higher level of authoritative parenting behavior. Results reflect the adolescent's perception on their parent (mom or dad) participating in the study. |
| Home Exercise Environment | Baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | The Exercise Environment Questionnaire (EEQ) assessed the availability of types exercise equipment in the home. Measures will be completed at 0, 4, 8, 12 months. Scores are calculated by summing responses. Scores range from 0-39 with higher scores indicating more exercise equipment in the home. |
| Monitoring Child Feeding Practices | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | Parents will complete the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ; Adolescent version) to assess monitoring feeding style. Scores range from 1-5 with higher scores indicating a greater degree of monitoring feeding practices. |
| Parent Weight | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | Trained staff will measure weight (in light clothing and after a 12 hour fast) to the nearest 0.1kg using digital scale at baseline, 2-, 4-, 8- and 12-months. |
| Parent Weight Change | baseline to 4 month [intervention phase] and 4 month to 12 month [maintenance phase] | Trained staff will measure weight (in light clothing and after a 12 hour fast) to the nearest 0.1kg using digital scale at baseline and 4-months. Weight change will be calculated from these values. |
| Physical Activity | Baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | Accelerometers were worn for 1 week by adolescents and parents for each assessment period (0, 4, 8, and 12 months) to assess adolescent and parent physical activity. Results represent total time (minutes/day) spent in moderate/vigorous activity (MVPA). Data reported is based off the average MVPA minutes per day of valid wear days. |
| Physical Activity Change | 4-month to 12-month | To assess adolescent and parent physical activity change during the maintenance physical (post-intervention) phase of the program from 4-months to 12-months. Results represent the change in total time (minutes/day) spent in moderate/vigorous activity (MVPA). |
| Physical Activity Energy Expenditure | Baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | Accelerometers will be worn for 1 week by adolescents and parents for each assessment period (0, 4, 8, and 12 months) to assess adolescent and parent physical activity energy expenditure (EE). Results represent the average daily physical activity energy expenditure (kilocalories/day) estimated via accelerometer. Results are based off EE = (Metabolic Equivalent of Task \[MET\] value of activity x body weight kg x \[minutes of activity/60\]) with MET values of 2.5, 4, and 7 utilized for light, moderate, and vigorous activities, respectively. |
| Physical Activity Energy Expenditure Change | 4-month to 12-month | To assess adolescent and parent physical activity energy expenditure change during the maintenance physical (post-intervention) phase of the program from 4-months to 12-months. Results represent the change in total kilocalories per day from physical activity. |
| Dietary Intake | Baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | Adolescent and parent participants completed a 3-day food record to track dietary intake for 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day in the week prior to their assessment (0, 4, 8, 12m). Recall data was entered the Nutrition Data System for Research Software (NDSR) by trained staff. Parent and adolescent average total energy intake (kilocalories/day) from the logged days is reported. |
| Home Food Environment | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | The Home Food Inventory (HFI) was used to assess the availability of types of food in the home and calculate an overall obesogenic score. Scores range from 0-60, with high scores indicating a more obesogenic food environment. |
| Parent Reported Parenting Style | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | The Parenting Styles and Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ) was administered to parents to assess parent self-report of authoritative parenting style. Results reflect the participating parent's perception of their parenting style. Scores range from 1-5 with higher scoring indicating a greater frequency of authoritative parenting behaviors. |
| Restrictive Child Feeding Practices | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | Parents will complete the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ; Adolescent version) to assess restrictive feeding style. Scores range from 1-5 with higher scores indicating a greater degree of restrictive feeding practices. |
| Overall Weight Control Practices | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | Adolescents and parents will complete the Weight Control Strategies Scale (WCSS) which will assess the use of healthy weight control practices (e.g., dietary choices, self-monitoring, and physical activity) at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months. A total of 30 items are included in the measure, rated from 0-4. Total scores (ranging from 0-4) are calculated by averaging the scores of the 30 items. Higher scores indicate greater engagement in weight management behaviors. |
| Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | Adolescents and parents will complete the Weight Control Strategies Scale (WCSS) self-monitoring subscale which will assess the use of self-monitoring weight control practices at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months. A total of 7 items are included in the measure, rated from 0-4. Scores are calculated by averaging the scores of the 7 items. Higher scores indicate greater engagement in self-monitoring weight management behaviors. |
| Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | Adolescents and parents will complete the Weight Control Strategies Scale (WCSS) dietary choices subscale which will assess the use of dietary choice weight control practices at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months. A total of 10 items are included in the measure, rated from 0-4. Scores range from 0 to 4 and are calculated by averaging the scores of the 10 items. Higher scores indicate greater engagement in dietary choice weight management behaviors. |
| Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | Adolescents and parents will complete the Weight Control Strategies Scale (WCSS) physical activity subscale which will assess the use of physical activity weight control practices at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months. A total of 6 items are included in the measure, rated from 0-4. Scores range from 0 to 4 and are calculated by averaging the scores of the 6 items. Higher scores indicate greater engagement in physical activity weight management behaviors. |
| Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | Adolescents and parents will complete the Weight Control Strategies Scale (WCSS) psychological coping subscale which will assess the use of psychological coping weight control practices at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months. A total of 7 items are included in the measure, rated from 0-4. Scores range from 0 to 4 and are calculated by averaging the scores of the 7 items. Higher scores indicate greater engagement in psychological coping weight management behaviors. |
| Adolescent Reported Responsiveness Parenting Style | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | The Authoritative Parenting Index (API) was used to assess adolescent-report of responsiveness parenting style and will be administered at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months. Scores range from 9-36 with higher scores indicating greater perceived responsiveness from the parent. Results reflect the adolescent's perception on the parent (mom or dad) participating in the study. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Social Support | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | At 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months, adolescents will complete family and friend social support scales from the Patient-based Assessment and Counseling for Physical Activity and Nutrition (PACE+) questionnaires to assess adolescent report of family and friend social support across 3 domains: 1) fruit and vegetable intake, 2) fat intake, and 3) physical activity. Scores range from 1-5 with higher indicating greater social support. |
| Autonomy Support | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | At 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months, adolescents will complete the Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale (P-PASS) to assess adolescent perception of 1) autonomy-supportive parenting behaviors and 2) controlling parenting behaviors. Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale from 1-7. The average score across all items is calculated. Higher scores indicate a greater perception of parental autonomy support. Lower scores indicate less support and more controlling behaviors. |
| Parent Child Relationship | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | The Conflict Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ; Parent and Adolescent Versions) will assess parent and adolescent report of parent-child relational factors at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 mo. Scores range from 0-20. Higher score indicate more conflict between parent and child and lower scores indicating less conflict. Results reflect the adolescent's perception on their parent (mom or dad) participating in the study. |
| Parent Self-efficacy | Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months | The Parent Efficacy for Child Healthy Weight Behavior (PECHWB) will assess parent self-efficacy in promoting healthy weight behaviors in their adolescents. Scores range from 0-100 with higher scores indicating higher self-efficacy. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Recruitment for the trial occurred from March 2019 through August 2023 with more strategized recruitment methods occurring 3-4 months prior to the start of each cohort. We implemented a comprehensive recruitment plan which included: establishing relationships with community practices for provider referrals; physician-endorsed letters; direct mail; social media and targeted digital ads; local newspaper/magazine/radio ads; flyers/posters in medical offices/hospital; listservs; community events.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Teens With Parents in PAC All adolescents participate in a group-based empirically supported behavioral weight management treatment, that includes dietary and physical activity goals, and instructions to self-monitor key information. Adolescents receive training in core behavioral weight loss strategies (e.g. goal setting, stimulus control) and techniques to help them achieve these goals. They receive personalized feedback throughout the program. | 107 |
| Teens With Parents in PWL All adolescents participate in a group-based empirically supported behavioral weight management treatment, that includes dietary and physical activity goals, and instructions to self-monitor key information. Adolescents receive training in core behavioral weight loss strategies (e.g. goal setting, stimulus control) and techniques to help them achieve these goals. They receive personalized feedback throughout the program.
These adolescents have a participating parent in the Parent Weight Loss (PWL) treatment arm. | 104 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) Parents are taught strategies to support and facilitate child weight management via family-based change. Each visit includes group psychoeducation and discussion, focused on strategies to facilitate healthy weight management in their child(ren). Topics include role modeling, strategies for healthy lifestyle changes, and how to be a coach to your teen. They receive personalized feedback throughout the program. | 105 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) Parents are given a weight loss goal of 1-2 lbs/week, and specific calorie and fat prescriptions, PA goals, and instructions to self-monitor key information. Parents receive training in core behavioral weight loss strategies (e.g. goal setting, stimulus control) and techniques to help them achieve these goals. They receive personalized feedback throughout the program. | 102 |
| Total | 418 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Total | Teens With Parents in PAC | Teens With Parents in PWL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 44.44 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.8 | 43.87 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.7 | 28.69 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.2 | 13.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.3 | 13.54 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.4 |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | 36.02 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.1 | 36.27 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.75 | 35.31 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.37 | 34.27 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.49 | 34.71 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.97 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 5 Participants | 4 Participants | 29 Participants | 11 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 99 Participants | 97 Participants | 386 Participants | 95 Participants | 95 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 5 Participants | 3 Participants | 18 Participants | 5 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 51 Participants | 44 Participants | 191 Participants | 53 Participants | 43 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 19 Participants | 4 Participants | 10 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants | 6 Participants | 16 Participants | 2 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 46 Participants | 46 Participants | 174 Participants | 43 Participants | 39 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 105 participants | 102 participants | 418 participants | 107 participants | 104 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 89 Participants | 85 Participants | 295 Participants | 61 Participants | 60 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 16 Participants | 17 Participants | 123 Participants | 46 Participants | 44 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 107 | 0 / 104 | 0 / 105 | 0 / 102 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 13 / 107 | 17 / 104 | 19 / 105 | 13 / 102 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 1 / 107 | 2 / 104 | 3 / 105 | 5 / 102 |
Outcome results
Primary
Body Mass Index
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Anthropometry methods were used to measure height and weight to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). At 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months, trained staff measured adolescent height and weight (in light clothing and after a 12 hour fast) to the nearest 0.1cm and 0.1kg using a precision stadiometer and digital scale, respectively.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Data presented includes the participants who completed body weight measurements at the respective time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Body Mass Index | 2-month | 33.58 kg/m^2 | Standard Deviation 6.55 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Body Mass Index | 8-month | 33.66 kg/m^2 | Standard Deviation 6.99 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Body Mass Index | 4-month | 33.21 kg/m^2 | Standard Deviation 6.39 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Body Mass Index | 12-month | 34.09 kg/m^2 | Standard Deviation 7.26 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Body Mass Index | Baseline | 34.27 kg/m^2 | Standard Deviation 6.49 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Body Mass Index | 12-month | 34.79 kg/m^2 | Standard Deviation 7.51 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Body Mass Index | Baseline | 34.71 kg/m^2 | Standard Deviation 6.97 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Body Mass Index | 2-month | 34.16 kg/m^2 | Standard Deviation 7.03 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Body Mass Index | 4-month | 33.92 kg/m^2 | Standard Deviation 7.13 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Body Mass Index | 8-month | 34.56 kg/m^2 | Standard Deviation 7.49 |
Primary
Body Mass Index (BMI) Change
Body Mass Index (BMI) change (kg/m2; adolescent) during the maintenance phase (4-month to 12-month).
Time frame: 4 months to 12 month [follow up phase]
Population: Data presented includes the participants who completed body weight measurements at the respective time points \[4 \& 12m\] and the change in BMI between the two time points.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Body Mass Index (BMI) Change | 1.51 kg/m^2 | Standard Deviation 2.44 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Body Mass Index (BMI) Change | 0.91 kg/m^2 | Standard Deviation 2.27 |
Secondary
Adolescent Reported Authoritative Parenting Style
The Authoritative Parenting Index (API) was used to assess adolescent-report of authoritative parenting style and was administered at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months. Scores range from 16-64 with higher scores indicating the adolescent perceives their parent to have a higher level of authoritative parenting behavior. Results reflect the adolescent's perception on their parent (mom or dad) participating in the study.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Adolescent Reported Authoritative Parenting Style | 2-month | 50.11 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.01 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Adolescent Reported Authoritative Parenting Style | 8-month | 50.69 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.06 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Adolescent Reported Authoritative Parenting Style | 4-month | 51.15 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Adolescent Reported Authoritative Parenting Style | 12-month | 50.28 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.58 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Adolescent Reported Authoritative Parenting Style | Baseline | 49.37 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.62 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Adolescent Reported Authoritative Parenting Style | 12-month | 49.50 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.75 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Adolescent Reported Authoritative Parenting Style | Baseline | 49.68 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.12 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Adolescent Reported Authoritative Parenting Style | 2-month | 50.70 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.15 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Adolescent Reported Authoritative Parenting Style | 4-month | 50.87 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.46 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Adolescent Reported Authoritative Parenting Style | 8-month | 50.72 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.47 |
Secondary
Adolescent Reported Demandingness Parenting Style
The Authoritative Parenting Index (API) was used to assess adolescent-report of demandingness parenting style and will be administered at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months. Scores range from 7-28 with higher scores indicating greater perceived demandingness from the parent. Results reflect the adolescent's perception on their parent (mom or dad) participating in the study.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Adolescent Reported Demandingness Parenting Style | 2-month | 22.11 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.16 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Adolescent Reported Demandingness Parenting Style | 8-month | 22.18 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.16 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Adolescent Reported Demandingness Parenting Style | 4-month | 22.31 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.29 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Adolescent Reported Demandingness Parenting Style | 12-month | 21.70 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.58 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Adolescent Reported Demandingness Parenting Style | Baseline | 21.78 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.07 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Adolescent Reported Demandingness Parenting Style | 12-month | 21.40 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.43 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Adolescent Reported Demandingness Parenting Style | Baseline | 21.59 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.21 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Adolescent Reported Demandingness Parenting Style | 2-month | 21.87 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.97 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Adolescent Reported Demandingness Parenting Style | 4-month | 21.75 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.86 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Adolescent Reported Demandingness Parenting Style | 8-month | 22.04 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.1 |
Secondary
Adolescent Reported Responsiveness Parenting Style
The Authoritative Parenting Index (API) was used to assess adolescent-report of responsiveness parenting style and will be administered at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months. Scores range from 9-36 with higher scores indicating greater perceived responsiveness from the parent. Results reflect the adolescent's perception on the parent (mom or dad) participating in the study.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Adolescent Reported Responsiveness Parenting Style | 2-month | 28.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.66 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Adolescent Reported Responsiveness Parenting Style | 8-month | 28.52 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.64 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Adolescent Reported Responsiveness Parenting Style | 4-month | 28.84 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.15 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Adolescent Reported Responsiveness Parenting Style | 12-month | 28.58 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.32 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Adolescent Reported Responsiveness Parenting Style | Baseline | 27.59 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.52 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Adolescent Reported Responsiveness Parenting Style | 12-month | 28.10 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.84 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Adolescent Reported Responsiveness Parenting Style | Baseline | 28.09 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.9 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Adolescent Reported Responsiveness Parenting Style | 2-month | 28.84 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.86 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Adolescent Reported Responsiveness Parenting Style | 4-month | 29.12 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.27 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Adolescent Reported Responsiveness Parenting Style | 8-month | 28.67 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.81 |
Secondary
Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices
Adolescents and parents will complete the Weight Control Strategies Scale (WCSS) dietary choices subscale which will assess the use of dietary choice weight control practices at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months. A total of 10 items are included in the measure, rated from 0-4. Scores range from 0 to 4 and are calculated by averaging the scores of the 10 items. Higher scores indicate greater engagement in dietary choice weight management behaviors.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 2.35 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 2.65 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.76 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 2.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.84 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 2.63 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.77 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 1.90 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.76 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 2.59 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.76 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 2.42 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.71 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 2.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.79 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 2.65 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.68 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 1.84 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.74 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 2.75 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.65 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 2.22 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.74 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 2.82 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.61 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 2.46 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.84 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 2.51 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.71 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 2.51 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.62 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 2.65 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.63 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 2.27 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.66 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 2.71 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.61 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Dietary Choices Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 2.42 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.66 |
Secondary
Dietary Intake
Adolescent and parent participants completed a 3-day food record to track dietary intake for 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day in the week prior to their assessment (0, 4, 8, 12m). Recall data was entered the Nutrition Data System for Research Software (NDSR) by trained staff. Parent and adolescent average total energy intake (kilocalories/day) from the logged days is reported.
Time frame: Baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Dietary Intake | Baseline | 1830 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 493 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Dietary Intake | 4-month | 1539 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 501 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Dietary Intake | 8-month | 1478 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 466 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Dietary Intake | 12-month | 1587 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 475 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Dietary Intake | 4-month | 1502 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 529 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Dietary Intake | 8-month | 1510 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 493 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Dietary Intake | 12-month | 1611 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 447 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Dietary Intake | Baseline | 1807 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 546 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Dietary Intake | 8-month | 1463 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 736 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Dietary Intake | 4-month | 1491 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 432 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Dietary Intake | 12-month | 1499 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 470 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Dietary Intake | Baseline | 1699 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 511 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Dietary Intake | 12-month | 1593 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 447 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Dietary Intake | 4-month | 1451 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 405 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Dietary Intake | Baseline | 1817 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 622 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Dietary Intake | 8-month | 1516 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 483 |
Secondary
Home Exercise Environment
The Exercise Environment Questionnaire (EEQ) assessed the availability of types exercise equipment in the home. Measures will be completed at 0, 4, 8, 12 months. Scores are calculated by summing responses. Scores range from 0-39 with higher scores indicating more exercise equipment in the home.
Time frame: Baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Home Exercise Environment | Baseline | 11.51 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.51 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Home Exercise Environment | 4-month | 13.66 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.35 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Home Exercise Environment | 8-month | 13.02 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.36 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Home Exercise Environment | 12-month | 14.15 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.31 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Home Exercise Environment | 12-month | 13.33 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.03 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Home Exercise Environment | Baseline | 11.11 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.8 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Home Exercise Environment | 8-month | 12.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.9 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Home Exercise Environment | 4-month | 12.74 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.74 |
Secondary
Home Food Environment
The Home Food Inventory (HFI) was used to assess the availability of types of food in the home and calculate an overall obesogenic score. Scores range from 0-60, with high scores indicating a more obesogenic food environment.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Home Food Environment | 2-month | 15.89 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.35 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Home Food Environment | 8-month | 16.84 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.22 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Home Food Environment | 4-month | 15.97 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.81 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Home Food Environment | 12-month | 17.81 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.29 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Home Food Environment | Baseline | 22.16 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.44 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Home Food Environment | 12-month | 18.20 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.92 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Home Food Environment | Baseline | 22.28 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.24 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Home Food Environment | 2-month | 18.54 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.42 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Home Food Environment | 4-month | 17.09 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.26 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Home Food Environment | 8-month | 17.95 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.57 |
Secondary
Monitoring Child Feeding Practices
Parents will complete the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ; Adolescent version) to assess monitoring feeding style. Scores range from 1-5 with higher scores indicating a greater degree of monitoring feeding practices.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point for each participating child. Parents who participated with 2 children responded to this measure twice.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Monitoring Child Feeding Practices | 2-month | 3.77 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.94 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Monitoring Child Feeding Practices | 8-month | 3.35 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.09 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Monitoring Child Feeding Practices | 4-month | 3.55 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.04 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Monitoring Child Feeding Practices | 12-month | 3.32 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.04 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Monitoring Child Feeding Practices | Baseline | 3.30 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.99 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Monitoring Child Feeding Practices | 12-month | 3.08 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.04 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Monitoring Child Feeding Practices | Baseline | 3.21 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.06 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Monitoring Child Feeding Practices | 2-month | 3.41 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.96 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Monitoring Child Feeding Practices | 4-month | 3.25 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.08 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Monitoring Child Feeding Practices | 8-month | 3.21 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.95 |
Secondary
Overall Weight Control Practices
Adolescents and parents will complete the Weight Control Strategies Scale (WCSS) which will assess the use of healthy weight control practices (e.g., dietary choices, self-monitoring, and physical activity) at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months. A total of 30 items are included in the measure, rated from 0-4. Total scores (ranging from 0-4) are calculated by averaging the scores of the 30 items. Higher scores indicate greater engagement in weight management behaviors.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Overall Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 1.76 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Overall Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 2.25 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.77 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Overall Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 1.69 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Overall Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 2.11 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.11 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Overall Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 1.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.67 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Overall Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 2.10 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.78 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Overall Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 1.77 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.74 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Overall Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 1.58 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Overall Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 2.22 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.72 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Overall Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 1.12 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.59 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Overall Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 1.80 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.7 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Overall Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 1.35 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Overall Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 1.87 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.69 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Overall Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 1.58 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Overall Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 1.64 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Overall Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 1.76 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.69 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Overall Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 2.18 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.58 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Overall Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 1.22 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.58 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Overall Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 2.20 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.72 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Overall Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 1.52 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.67 |
Secondary
Parent Reported Parenting Style
The Parenting Styles and Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ) was administered to parents to assess parent self-report of authoritative parenting style. Results reflect the participating parent's perception of their parenting style. Scores range from 1-5 with higher scoring indicating a greater frequency of authoritative parenting behaviors.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point for each participating child. Parents who participated with 2 children responded to this measure twice.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Reported Parenting Style | 2-month | 4.07 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.45 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Reported Parenting Style | 8-month | 4.13 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.51 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Reported Parenting Style | 4-month | 4.12 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.52 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Reported Parenting Style | 12-month | 4.12 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.54 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Reported Parenting Style | Baseline | 4.08 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.47 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Reported Parenting Style | 12-month | 4.16 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.49 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Reported Parenting Style | Baseline | 4.12 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.5 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Reported Parenting Style | 2-month | 4.10 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.49 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Reported Parenting Style | 4-month | 4.15 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.52 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Reported Parenting Style | 8-month | 4.14 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.42 |
Secondary
Parent Weight
Trained staff will measure weight (in light clothing and after a 12 hour fast) to the nearest 0.1kg using digital scale at baseline, 2-, 4-, 8- and 12-months.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Data presented includes the participants who completed body weight measurements at the respective time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Weight | 2-month | 97.39 Kilograms | Standard Deviation 20.16 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Weight | 8-month | 97.29 Kilograms | Standard Deviation 23.04 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Weight | 4-month | 98.50 Kilograms | Standard Deviation 24.31 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Weight | 12-month | 95.97 Kilograms | Standard Deviation 22.33 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Weight | Baseline | 99.18 Kilograms | Standard Deviation 22.93 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Weight | 12-month | 98.25 Kilograms | Standard Deviation 25.74 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Weight | Baseline | 100.62 Kilograms | Standard Deviation 26.17 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Weight | 2-month | 98.51 Kilograms | Standard Deviation 26.17 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Weight | 4-month | 96.06 Kilograms | Standard Deviation 24.65 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Weight | 8-month | 96.69 Kilograms | Standard Deviation 25.37 |
Secondary
Parent Weight Change
Trained staff will measure weight (in light clothing and after a 12 hour fast) to the nearest 0.1kg using digital scale at baseline and 4-months. Weight change will be calculated from these values.
Time frame: baseline to 4 month [intervention phase] and 4 month to 12 month [maintenance phase]
Population: Data presented includes the participants who completed body weight measurements at the respective time points (\[0 \& 4m\] and \[4 \& 12m\]) and the change in weight between the two time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Weight Change | 0-4 month change | -1.20 Kilograms | Standard Deviation 4.11 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Weight Change | 4-12 month change | -0.32 Kilograms | Standard Deviation 6.59 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Weight Change | 0-4 month change | -3.47 Kilograms | Standard Deviation 4.51 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Weight Change | 4-12 month change | 0.49 Kilograms | Standard Deviation 1.76 |
Secondary
Physical Activity
Accelerometers were worn for 1 week by adolescents and parents for each assessment period (0, 4, 8, and 12 months) to assess adolescent and parent physical activity. Results represent total time (minutes/day) spent in moderate/vigorous activity (MVPA). Data reported is based off the average MVPA minutes per day of valid wear days.
Time frame: Baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Physical Activity | 8-month | 10.78 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 14.39 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Physical Activity | 12-month | 9.83 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 12.44 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Physical Activity | 4-month | 12.03 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 15.85 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Physical Activity | Baseline | 11.99 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 12.11 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Physical Activity | 4-month | 12.41 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 12.35 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Physical Activity | 8-month | 15.48 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 13.74 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Physical Activity | Baseline | 11.92 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 11.75 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Physical Activity | 12-month | 13.90 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 16.14 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Physical Activity | 4-month | 19.75 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 16.99 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Physical Activity | Baseline | 21.05 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 17.83 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Physical Activity | 12-month | 17.99 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 13.26 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Physical Activity | 8-month | 19.09 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 13.88 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Physical Activity | 12-month | 21.55 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 21.14 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Physical Activity | 8-month | 21.93 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 17.69 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Physical Activity | Baseline | 22.51 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 18.54 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Physical Activity | 4-month | 24.65 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 18.46 |
Secondary
Physical Activity Change
To assess adolescent and parent physical activity change during the maintenance physical (post-intervention) phase of the program from 4-months to 12-months. Results represent the change in total time (minutes/day) spent in moderate/vigorous activity (MVPA).
Time frame: 4-month to 12-month
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Physical Activity Change | -3.21 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 14.05 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Physical Activity Change | 3.24 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 14.11 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Physical Activity Change | -1.28 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 15.77 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Physical Activity Change | -3.68 minutes per day | Standard Deviation 14.35 |
Secondary
Physical Activity Energy Expenditure
Accelerometers will be worn for 1 week by adolescents and parents for each assessment period (0, 4, 8, and 12 months) to assess adolescent and parent physical activity energy expenditure (EE). Results represent the average daily physical activity energy expenditure (kilocalories/day) estimated via accelerometer. Results are based off EE = (Metabolic Equivalent of Task \[MET\] value of activity x body weight kg x \[minutes of activity/60\]) with MET values of 2.5, 4, and 7 utilized for light, moderate, and vigorous activities, respectively.
Time frame: Baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who met the minimum monitor wear time (3 weekdays and 1 weekend day) at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure | Baseline | 915.73 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 370.39 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure | 4-month | 815.05 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 317.61 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure | 8-month | 872.27 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 337.4 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure | 12-month | 832.10 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 333.46 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure | 4-month | 856.47 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 303.5 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure | 8-month | 900.97 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 347.12 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure | 12-month | 871.07 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 317.98 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure | Baseline | 897.27 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 385.31 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure | 8-month | 1399.80 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 394.07 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure | 4-month | 1349.37 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 357.9 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure | 12-month | 1347.41 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 389.41 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure | Baseline | 1486.38 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 448.3 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure | 12-month | 1496.42 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 575.02 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure | 4-month | 1542.45 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 583.33 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure | Baseline | 1506.10 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 546.61 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure | 8-month | 1541.63 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 618.11 |
Secondary
Physical Activity Energy Expenditure Change
To assess adolescent and parent physical activity energy expenditure change during the maintenance physical (post-intervention) phase of the program from 4-months to 12-months. Results represent the change in total kilocalories per day from physical activity.
Time frame: 4-month to 12-month
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure Change | 10.30 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 298.35 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure Change | 67.74 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 244.26 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure Change | 9.57 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 352.5 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Physical Activity Energy Expenditure Change | -36.39 kilocalories per day | Standard Deviation 417.73 |
Secondary
Physical Activity Weight Control Practices
Adolescents and parents will complete the Weight Control Strategies Scale (WCSS) physical activity subscale which will assess the use of physical activity weight control practices at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months. A total of 6 items are included in the measure, rated from 0-4. Scores range from 0 to 4 and are calculated by averaging the scores of the 6 items. Higher scores indicate greater engagement in physical activity weight management behaviors.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 1.60 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.14 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 1.95 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 1.51 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.02 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 1.79 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.14 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 1.09 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.96 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 1.81 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.03 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 1.60 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.02 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 1.46 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.07 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 1.88 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.97 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 0.91 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.82 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 1.45 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.99 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 1.13 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.06 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 1.44 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.05 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 1.24 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 1.28 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.09 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 1.34 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 1.68 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 0.86 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.86 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 1.78 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.03 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Physical Activity Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 1.11 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.04 |
Secondary
Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices
Adolescents and parents will complete the Weight Control Strategies Scale (WCSS) psychological coping subscale which will assess the use of psychological coping weight control practices at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months. A total of 7 items are included in the measure, rated from 0-4. Scores range from 0 to 4 and are calculated by averaging the scores of the 7 items. Higher scores indicate greater engagement in psychological coping weight management behaviors.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 1.84 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 2.12 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.96 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 1.82 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.91 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 2.15 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.86 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 1.31 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.87 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 2.15 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.88 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 1.84 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.93 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 1.64 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.92 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 2.09 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.86 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 1.21 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.82 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 1.78 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 1.28 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 1.92 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.86 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 1.53 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 1.65 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.91 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 1.88 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.84 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 1.94 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.73 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 1.20 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 2.08 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.83 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Psychological Coping Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 1.55 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.89 |
Secondary
Restrictive Child Feeding Practices
Parents will complete the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ; Adolescent version) to assess restrictive feeding style. Scores range from 1-5 with higher scores indicating a greater degree of restrictive feeding practices.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point for each participating child. Parents who participated with 2 children responded to this measure twice.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Restrictive Child Feeding Practices | 2-month | 3.36 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.77 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Restrictive Child Feeding Practices | 8-month | 3.12 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.89 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Restrictive Child Feeding Practices | 4-month | 3.17 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.17 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Restrictive Child Feeding Practices | 12-month | 3.20 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.89 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Restrictive Child Feeding Practices | Baseline | 3.54 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.86 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Restrictive Child Feeding Practices | 12-month | 3.09 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.87 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Restrictive Child Feeding Practices | Baseline | 3.64 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.77 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Restrictive Child Feeding Practices | 2-month | 3.34 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.84 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Restrictive Child Feeding Practices | 4-month | 3.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.89 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Restrictive Child Feeding Practices | 8-month | 3.35 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.84 |
Secondary
Role Modeling
At 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months, adolescents will complete the Family Experiences Related to Food Questionnaire (FERFQ) is an 8 or 9-item measure (father and mother version, respectively) that will assess family commentary about weight and shape as well as family modeling of diet and weight concerns. Scores range from 1-5 with higher scores indicating more negative role modeling of dietary behaviors. Results reflect the adolescent's perception on their parent (mom or dad) participating in the study.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Role Modeling | 2-month | 2.46 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.68 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Role Modeling | 8-month | 2.29 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Role Modeling | 4-month | 2.33 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.72 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Role Modeling | 12-month | 2.32 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.67 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Role Modeling | Baseline | 2.54 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.77 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Role Modeling | 12-month | 2.46 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.83 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Role Modeling | Baseline | 2.57 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.85 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Role Modeling | 2-month | 2.52 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Role Modeling | 4-month | 2.46 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.82 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Role Modeling | 8-month | 2.53 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.88 |
Secondary
Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices
Adolescents and parents will complete the Weight Control Strategies Scale (WCSS) self-monitoring subscale which will assess the use of self-monitoring weight control practices at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months. A total of 7 items are included in the measure, rated from 0-4. Scores are calculated by averaging the scores of the 7 items. Higher scores indicate greater engagement in self-monitoring weight management behaviors.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 1.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 2.29 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.98 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 1.21 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.02 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 1.88 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.08 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 0.61 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 1.84 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.03 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 1.20 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.97 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 1.02 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.85 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 2.25 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.01 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 0.52 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.64 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 1.21 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.96 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 0.76 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.83 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 1.31 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.02 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 1.08 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.98 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 1.10 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.97 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | 8-month | 1.32 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.95 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | 2-month | 2.46 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.63 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | Baseline | 0.53 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.66 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | 4-month | 2.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.08 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Self Monitoring Weight Control Practices | 12-month | 1.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.81 |
Other Pre-specified
Autonomy Support
At 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months, adolescents will complete the Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale (P-PASS) to assess adolescent perception of 1) autonomy-supportive parenting behaviors and 2) controlling parenting behaviors. Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale from 1-7. The average score across all items is calculated. Higher scores indicate a greater perception of parental autonomy support. Lower scores indicate less support and more controlling behaviors.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Autonomy Support | 2-month | 2.82 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Autonomy Support | 8-month | 3.15 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.61 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Autonomy Support | 4-month | 2.95 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.87 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Autonomy Support | 12-month | 2.34 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.58 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Autonomy Support | Baseline | 2.82 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.01 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Autonomy Support | 12-month | 3.31 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.94 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Autonomy Support | Baseline | 3.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.13 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Autonomy Support | 2-month | 2.75 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.72 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Autonomy Support | 4-month | 3.02 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.13 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Autonomy Support | 8-month | 3.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.46 |
Other Pre-specified
Parent Child Relationship
The Conflict Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ; Parent and Adolescent Versions) will assess parent and adolescent report of parent-child relational factors at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 mo. Scores range from 0-20. Higher score indicate more conflict between parent and child and lower scores indicating less conflict. Results reflect the adolescent's perception on their parent (mom or dad) participating in the study.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Child Relationship | 8-month | 3.15 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.61 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Child Relationship | 2-month | 2.82 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Child Relationship | 12-month | 2.34 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.58 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Child Relationship | 4-month | 2.95 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.87 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Child Relationship | Baseline | 2.82 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.01 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Child Relationship | 4-month | 3.02 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.13 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Child Relationship | 8-month | 3.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.46 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Child Relationship | 12-month | 3.31 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.94 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Child Relationship | 2-month | 2.75 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.72 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Child Relationship | Baseline | 3.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.13 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Parent Child Relationship | 4-month | 3.79 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.44 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Parent Child Relationship | Baseline | 3.53 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.66 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Parent Child Relationship | 2-month | 3.32 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.34 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Parent Child Relationship | 8-month | 4.09 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.03 |
| Parents as Coaches (PAC) | Parent Child Relationship | 12-month | 3.78 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.82 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Parent Child Relationship | 8-month | 3.36 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.74 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Parent Child Relationship | 2-month | 3.47 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.55 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Parent Child Relationship | Baseline | 3.82 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.54 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Parent Child Relationship | 4-month | 3.31 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.13 |
| Parent Weight Loss (PWL) | Parent Child Relationship | 12-month | 3.47 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.31 |
Other Pre-specified
Parent Self-efficacy
The Parent Efficacy for Child Healthy Weight Behavior (PECHWB) will assess parent self-efficacy in promoting healthy weight behaviors in their adolescents. Scores range from 0-100 with higher scores indicating higher self-efficacy.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Self-efficacy | 2-month | 69.29 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.33 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Self-efficacy | 8-month | 65.37 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 17.86 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Self-efficacy | 4-month | 70.78 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 16.99 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Self-efficacy | 12-month | 68.44 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 20.34 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Parent Self-efficacy | Baseline | 67.75 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.24 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Self-efficacy | 12-month | 57.59 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 20.76 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Self-efficacy | Baseline | 66.58 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 17.96 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Self-efficacy | 2-month | 62.44 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.54 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Self-efficacy | 4-month | 59.42 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.01 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Parent Self-efficacy | 8-month | 62.11 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 20.62 |
Other Pre-specified
Social Support
At 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 months, adolescents will complete family and friend social support scales from the Patient-based Assessment and Counseling for Physical Activity and Nutrition (PACE+) questionnaires to assess adolescent report of family and friend social support across 3 domains: 1) fruit and vegetable intake, 2) fat intake, and 3) physical activity. Scores range from 1-5 with higher indicating greater social support.
Time frame: Baseline, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months
Population: Results include participants who completed the measure at the respective time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teens with parents in PAC | Social Support | 2-month | 3.58 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.82 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Social Support | 8-month | 3.21 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.03 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Social Support | 4-month | 3.44 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.96 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Social Support | 12-month | 3.05 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.89 |
| Teens with parents in PAC | Social Support | Baseline | 3.04 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.95 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Social Support | 12-month | 3.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.07 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Social Support | Baseline | 2.95 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.78 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Social Support | 2-month | 3.41 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.86 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Social Support | 4-month | 3.36 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.99 |
| Teens with parents in PWL | Social Support | 8-month | 3.25 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.92 |