Aging, Skeletal Muscle
Conditions
Brief summary
During middle-age, humans begin to lose muscle mass and strength. With increasing age the deterioration of muscle health is associated with a decline in quality of life and the loss of independence. β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) plus Vitamin D (VitD) have been proposed to increase skeletal muscle mass, contractile function and improve body composition but has yet to be evaluated in middle-aged women. The overall goal of this study is to determine the effects of HMB +VitD supplementation during 12 weeks of resistance exercise training or a non-exercise control on body composition, skeletal muscle size, and skeletal muscle function in middle-aged women.
Detailed description
To determine if HMB+VitD supplementation is an effective strategy to help prevent the loss of skeletal muscle size, skeletal muscle function and body composition in middle-aged women, forty eight women (45-60 yrs old) will be recruited to complete a 12-week intervention (n=12 per group; 4 groups). Participants will be randomized to complete a non-exercise control period or a resistance exercise training program. In a double-blinded fashion, participants in the non-exercise or resistance exercise groups will be randomized to consume either placebo or HMB+VitD. Before and after each intervention the investigators will evaluate skeletal muscle size, skeletal muscle function, and body composition.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALNon-Exercise Control
Participants will not perform structured exercise and will continue with their normal physical activity for 12-weeks.
BEHAVIORALResistance Exercise Training
Participants will complete a 12-week whole-body progressive resistance exercise training program.
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTPlacebo
Participants will be given placebo capsules to consume for 12-weeks.
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTHMB+VitD
Participants will be given HMB+VitD capsules to consume for 12-weeks
Sponsors
Metabolic Technologies Inc.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Intervention model description
Participants will be randomized to 1 of 4, 12-week interventions. In a double-blinded fashion, participants will be randomized to consume either placebo or HMB + VitD supplementation. Group 1 will serve as a non-exercise control with placebo; Group 2 will serve as a non-exercise control with β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate + Vitamin D; Group 3 will complete resistance exercise training with placebo; Group 4 will complete resistance exercise training with β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate + Vitamin D
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
45 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Women between 45 and 60 years old * Women with a BMI \< 35 kg/m2 * Sedentary (\< 30 minutes of structured physical activity 3 times per week) * Weight stable for 3 months prior (+/- 5kg)
Exclusion criteria
* Body mass index \> 35 kg/m2 * Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes * Uncontrolled hypertension * Active cancer, cancer in remission, or having received treatment for any form of cancer in the previous 5 years * Cardiovascular disease (e.g., peripheral artery disease and peripheral vascular disease) * Uncontrolled thyroid function * Chronic and/or regular consumption of medication known to influence skeletal muscle metabolism * Use of Vitamin D (\>2000 IU) or β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate * Tobacco use * Any condition that limits exercise training (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neuromuscular disorder, moderate or severe cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, vertigo, dizziness) * High alcohol consumption defined as more than 8 drinks per week for women * Unwilling to undergo any study-related procedures * Pregnancy * Abnormal liver or kidney enzymes determined in blood chemistry panel * Bleeding/clotting disorders or blood thinning medications (e.g., warfarin, heparin)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Myofiber Size | Change from baseline to after the 12 week intervention | Cross sectional area of muscle fibers will be evaluated with immunohistochemistry. |
| Skeletal Muscle Function - Knee extensor isometric performance | Change from baseline to after the 12 week intervention | Knee extensor isometric performance will be assessed by a dynamometer. Muscle strength will also be determined by 1 repetition maximum for leg extension, leg curl and leg press exercises. |
| Skeletal Muscle Function - Knee extensor isokinetic performance | Change from baseline to after the 12 week intervention | Knee extensor isokinetic performance will be assessed by a dynamometer. |
| Skeletal Muscle Function - Fatigue | Change from baseline to after the 12 week intervention | Knee extensor fatigue will be assessed by a dynamometer. |
| Skeletal Muscle Cross Sectional Area | Change from baseline to after the 12 week intervention | Skeletal muscle cross sectional area will be assessed via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). |
| Skeletal Muscle Volume | Change from baseline to after the 12 week intervention | Skeletal muscle volume will be assessed via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). |
| Body Composition - Mass | Change from baseline to after the 12 week intervention | Fat and fat free mass will be measured using by a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. |
| Body Composition - Percentage | Change from baseline to after the 12 week intervention | Fat and fat free percent will be measured using by a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. |
| Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Respiration | Change from baseline to after the 12 week intervention | Mitochondrial respiration will be assessed using high-resolution respirometry in permeabilized muscle fibers. |
| Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Hydrogen Peroxide Emissions | Change from baseline to after the 12 week intervention | Mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide emissions will be assessed using high-resolution fluorometry in permeabilized muscle fibers. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Bone Density | Change from baseline to after the 12 week intervention | Bone mineral density will be evaluated by a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
Primary ContactAdam Konopka, PhD
Backup ContactAlexander Nichol, MS
Outcome results
None listed