Lung Cancer
Conditions
Keywords
Lung cancer, Exercise capacity, Cardiopulmonary exercise test, Respiratory muscle strength, Physical activity, Pulmonary functions, Peripheral Muscle Strength, Quality of life, Sleep of quality, Dyspnea, Depression, Fatigue, Cough
Brief summary
While lung cancer are rare disease in the early 20th century, its incidence increased in parallel with the increase in smoking habits. It is the most common type of cancer in the world. Despite advances in the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens, surgical resection is the most effective curative treatment modality to improve survival in non-small cell lung cancer. Pulmonary resection candidates are selected according to not only tumor type and stage, but also functional status, exercise capacity, underlying lung disorders and health-related quality of life assessments. Patients with lung cancer often have lung and heart comorbidities that affect the outcome of the outcome measures and restricts cancer treatment options. In patients with lung cancer, shortness of breath, physical inactivity, weakness in peripheral muscles and exercise intolerance are described. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary treatment designed to improve exercise capacity, functional status, health-related quality of life and to reduce the attenuation of chronic shortness of breath and fatigue in patients with chronic lung problems. In literature, the effect of surgery in patients with lung cancer on postoperative respiratory muscle strength is not clear. There is no study investigating the effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on respiratory muscle strength. For these reasons, the aim of the study was to evaluate the curative period of non-small cell lung cancer patients with reliability and validity assessment methods. The hypothesis of our study was; when compared with patients with lung cancer and healthy individuals, exercise capacity, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, physical activity levels, sleep and quality of life of lung cancer patients are reduced; dyspnoea, fatigue, depression, cough and pain levels increase.
Detailed description
According to sample size calculation 20 lung with complete remission cancer patients and 20 healthy individuals were included in the study. Cross-sectional observational research. The demographic, physical and physiological characteristics were recorded from the patient files. Exercise capacity (using cardiopulmonary exercise testing), physical activity, pulmonary functions, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, dyspnea and fatigue perception, depression, cough, pain and quality of life were evaluated. Primary outcome measurement is maximal exercise capacity. Secondary outcomes are respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, pulmonary functions, physical activity, dyspnea and fatigue perception, depression, cough, pain and quality of life.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Gazi University
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
OTHER
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Patients with; Diagnosed with lung cancer Stage 1, stage 2 and stage 3 patients in lung cancer patients Clinically stable and Under standard medication patients were included.
Exclusion criteria
* Patients with Metastasis Orthopedic and neurological problems Acute infection Non-co-operable * Healthy Subjects with Any diagnosed disease were excluded.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Maximal exercise capacity | Second day | Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (Oxygen consumption measurement during test). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Physical activity | First day | Physical activity will be evaluated multi sensor activity monitor for 2 consecutive days. |
| Pulmonary function test | First day | This test was evaluated using a spirometry by which is evaluated dynamic lung functions expressed as percentages of expected values. |
| Inspiratory and Expiratory muscle strength (MIP, MEP) | First day | Respiratory muscle strength was evaluated with a mouth pressure device |
| Peripheral muscle strength | First day | Peripheral muscle strength was evaluated with a hand-held dynamometer. |
| Dyspnea | First day | The severity of dyspnea during daily living activities was evaluated using the Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnea scale. Dyspnea is graded as follows: zero (dyspnea only with strenuous exercise), one (dyspnea when hurrying or walking up a slight hill), two (walks slower than people of the same age due to dyspnea or having to stop for breath when walking at own pace), three (stops for breath after walking 100 yards or after a few minutes) and four (too dyspneic to leave house or breathless when dressing). The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is 1 unit for the MMRC dyspnea scale. |
| Functional exercise capacity | First day | The six-minute walking test (6-MWT) was used to evaluate submaximal exercise capacity. |
| Life Quality | First day | Quality of life was measured using Turkish version of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 version 3.0 (EORTCQLQ) which is widely used as health related quality of life questionnaire in cancer patients. The cancer-specific questionnaire has 30 questions and incorporates five functional scales, three symptom scales, a global health status and several single items. All item scores are transformed to 0-100. Higher values indicate higher functional/healthy level in functional scales, a higher quality of life level in global health status and increased symptoms in symptom scales. |
| Depression | First day | Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) (Turkish version of scale) This assessment tool contains 10 items with a score from 0 to 6, thus the maximum score is 60. A higher score indicates a more severe depression. |
| Sleep of quality | First day | Sleep quality of the individuals was evaluated with the Turkish version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. It is an individual evaluation scale that evaluates sleep quality and sleep disturbance in the last one month period. |
| Cough | First day | The Turkish version of the Leicester Cough Scale (LÖQ) was used to assess the health-related quality of life of individuals with chronic cough. The scale evaluates chronic cough consisting of 19 items, including physical (8 items), psychosocial (7 items) and social (4 items) subsections. Each item is scored between 1 (always) and 7 (never). The total score is 3-21 points. The high scores obtained from this questionnaire, which evaluates the effect of the symptoms that have been going on for the last two weeks, show less impact on cough and lower scores indicate more impact. |
| Fatigue Severity | First day | The Turkish version of Fatigue Severity Scale, which is a valid and reliable test, was performed to the recipients for evaluation of fatigue severity. Self-administered questionnaire is comprised of nine questions. The average score is identified on seven-point scale. Patients select a number from 1 to 7 for each 9 questions which demonstrates from strong disagreement to strong agreement, respectively. The cut-off score for fatigue severity is 36 according to this scale, if the total score obtained from this scale is higher than 36, the recipient is defined as severe fatigue. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed