Writing Learning Disability
Conditions
Keywords
handwriting, kinetics, kinematics, handwriting difficulty
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to investigate the real-time kinetics of handwriting regarding the design of the utensil and fine motor performances from biomechanical perspectives. It includes three parts. The first part is an observational study design and the specific aim of the first part of the study is to establish a novel kinetic assessment system incorporated with Force Acquisition Pens (FAPs) designed with different barrel sizes and shapes for handwriting. The thorough calibration, examination of reliability and validity will be presented in this study. The second part is also an observational study design and the specific aim of the second part of the study is to investigate the handwriting mechanisms using the kinetic assessment system incorporated with the motion capture system with children who have writing difficulties. The third part is an interventional study design and the aim of this final part is to integrate the kinetic assessment system and the intervention concept to establish a Biomechanical Assessment and Biofeedback-training System for Handwriting (BABSH). Comparison of the intervention effect of the BABSH and traditional training for the children with handwriting difficulties will also be carried out in this part.
Interventions
OTHERBiofeedback Training
Biofeedback training targeted to goals that are relevant to the handwriting skills for children by using a force acquisitional pen.
OTHERMotor Training
Motor training targeted to goals that are relevant to the handwriting skills for children by using a personal designed motor training program.
Sponsors
National Cheng-Kung University Hospital
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
5 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. Able to use pen to write 2. Children volunteers must study in elementary schools
Exclusion criteria
\- Handwriting problems are related to muscular, skeletal, nerve and brain damage or disease.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the result of Chinese Handwriting Evaluation Form | baseline, 1.5 months | A questionnaire about handwriting performance. Each item is rated on a five-point ordinal scale |
| Change in the total point score of three subtests of Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2) | baseline, 1.5 months | These three subtests are 'fine motor precision (subtest-1) ', 'fine motor integration (subtest-2)' and 'manual dexterity (subtest-3)'. The raw scores of the three subtests were then transformed into point scores based on the BOT-2 manual. The total point scores of the three subtests will be analyzed. For subtest-1, the range of total point score is 0 to 41. For subtest-2, the range of total point score is 0 to 40. For subtest-3, the range of total point score is 0 to 45. Higher total point scores represent a better performance (outcome). |
| Change in the handwriting kinetic parameters | baseline, 1.5 months | The kinetic parameters designed by measuring the real finger force applied on a force acquisitional pen. |
| Change in the handwriting kinematic parameters | baseline, 1.5 months | The kinematic parameters designed by measuring the real hand motion using motion analysis system. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the pinch force | baseline, 1.5 months | three types of pinch force were recorded by a pinch meter |
Countries
Taiwan
Outcome results
None listed