Healthy Population, Mindfulness
Conditions
Brief summary
This study aims to examine whether greater length of mindfulness practice results in more beneficial outcomes.
Detailed description
This study will randomise participants to one of three groups: (1) four sessions of medium length mindfulness practice (lasting 20 mins) and 5 mins of an audio book; (2) four sessions of brief mindfulness practice (lasting 5 mins) and 20 mins of an audio book; and (3) a control group who just receive 4 sessions of audio book (lasting 25 mins). In the mindfulness arms, in each session, the participants will receive the audio book prior to the mindfulness practice. Mindfulness levels, and depression, anxiety and stress will be measured by self-report at baseline, session by session, and at post-intervention.
Interventions
BEHAVIORAL20 minutes of mindfulness practice
A 20 minute audio guided mindfulness of breathing practice per session, for four sessions.
BEHAVIORAL5 minutes of mindfulness practice
A 5 minute audio guided mindfulness of breathing practice per session, for four sessions.
OTHER5 minute audio book
5 minutes from an audio book by Bill Bryson ('A Short History of Nearly Everything') per session, for four sessions.
OTHER20 minute audio book
20 minutes from an audio book by Bill Bryson ('A Short History of Nearly Everything'), per session, for four sessions.
OTHER25 minute audio book
25 minutes from an audio book by Bill Bryson ('A Short History of Nearly Everything'), per session, for four sessions.
Sponsors
Canterbury Christ Church University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Masking description
Participants will be masked to the extent that they will not be told which group they have been allocated to nor the exact nature of the the three groups. However, they will be aware of the exercises they are asked to undertake.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Members of the general public, especially university students or staff. * Adequate understanding of spoken and written English
Exclusion criteria
* Currently experiencing significant difficulties with their mental wellbeing. * Currently have a personal mindfulness practice. * Currently participating in a mindfulness-based intervention.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline at post-intervention (week 3) on the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire -15 item version (FFMQ-15) | Post-intervention (3 weeks after baseline). | The Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire -15 item version is a self-report measure of mindfulness, producing a total score between 15 and 75, with higher scores indicating greater levels of mindfulness. (Note that the observe subscale will be excluded from the calculation of the total score, as recommended in https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21865 and http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0000263 producing a total score between 12 and 60). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline at post-intervention (week 3) on the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 item version (DASS-21). | Post-intervention (3 weeks after baseline). | The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 is a self-report measure of depression, anxiety and stress, producing a total score between 0 and 63, with higher scores indicating greater symptomatology. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Session 1 Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS). | Session 1 (week 1). | The TMS is a 13-item self-report measure of state mindfulness that produces scores for curiosity and decentering. The curiosity score ranges from 0 to 24, the decentering score from 0 to 28, and the total score from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater curiosity, decentering and overall state mindfulness respectively. |
| Session 2 Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS). | Session 2 (week 1). | As described above. |
| Sessional Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire -15 item version (FFMQ-15) scores. | Baseline, session 2 (week 1), session 3 and 4 (week 2), and post-intervention (week 3). | The FFMQ-15 (described above) will be administered at the start of the first session (baseline), immediately after sessions 2 (week 1), 3 (week 2) and 4 (week 2), and at post-intervention (week 3), to examine patterns in changes in mindfulness over the course of the study. |
| Session 4 Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS). | Session 4 (week 2). | As described above. |
| Session 3 Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS). | Session 3 (week 2). | As described above. |
| Sessional Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 item version (DASS-21) scores | Baseline, session 2 (week 1), session 3 and 4 (week 2), and post-intervention (week 3). | The DASS-21 (described above) will be administered at the start of the first session (baseline), immediately after sessions 2 (week 1), 3 (week 2) and 4 (week 2), and at post-intervention (week 3), to to examine patterns in changes over the course of the study. |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed