Chronic Insomnia, Chronic Low Back Pain, Chronic Neck Pain
Conditions
Brief summary
This study is focused on people with chronic spinal pain. To investigate the impact of sleep problems on pain and function, 45 people with chronic spinal pain and comorbid insomnia will be compared to 45 people with chronic spinal pain without insomnia.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
University Hospital, Ghent
Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel
Research Foundation Flanders
University Ghent
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Inclusion criteria
cases: * nonspecific spinal pain (≥3 days per week and ≥3 months of chronic low back pain, failed back surgery syndrome \> 3 years prior, chronic whiplash, or chronic non traumatic neck pain) * aged between 18 and 65 years * seeking care because of neck pain or low back pain * native dutch speaker * having insomnia: in the absence of other intrinsic sleep disorders and shift work, insomnia is defined as \> 30 minutes of sleep latency and/or minutes awake after sleep onset for \> 3 days / week for \> 6 months * living or working within a radius of 50 km around the test location * not starting new treatments or medication and continuing their usual care 6 weeks prior to and during study participation (to obtain steady state) * referring from analgesics, caffeine, alcohol or nicotine in the previous 48 h of the assessments * nonspecific failed back surgery \> 3 years are permitted * not undertaking exercise (\>3 metabolic equivalents) 3 days before the experiment
Exclusion criteria
cases: * severe underlying sleep pathology (identified through baseline data of polysomnography) * neuropathic pain * chronic widespread pain * being pregnant or pregnancy (including giving birth) in the preceding year * history of specific spinal surgery * thoracic pain in absence of neck or low back pain * shift workers * present clinical depression * BMI ≥ 30 Inclusion criteria controls: * native dutch speaking * 18 to 65 years of age * having chronic nonspecific chronic spinal pain (≥3 days per week and ≥3 months of chronic low back pain, failed back surgery syndrome \> 3 years prior, chronic whiplash, or chronic non traumatic neck pain) * referring from analgesics, caffeine, alcohol or nicotine in the previous 48 h of the assessments * not undertaking exercise (\>3 metabolic equivalents) 3 days before the experiment * No new medication 6 weeks prior to the assessment * currently not undergoing any treatment (excl. medication) for chronic spinal pain
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Brief Pain Inventory (Numeric Rating Scale): Pain intensity | Participants will be tested one time only (one assessment) at one day, in between January 20, 2019 and April 30, 2021. | Self-reported pain: The question please rate your pain by circling the one number that best describes your pain on the AVERAGE is used as the primary outcome measure to evaluate pain intensity. Scale ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating more self-reported pain. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Central sensitization Inventory | Participants will be tested one time only (one assessment) at one day, in between January 20, 2019 and April 30, 2021. | Self-reported central sensitization symptoms. Score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more self-reported symptoms of central sensitization. |
| Pressure Pain Thresholds | Participants will be tested one time only (one assessment) at one day, in between January 20, 2019 and April 30, 2021. | Pressure Pain Thresholds at measured bilaterally with a digital pressure algometer (Wagner Instruments), both at symptomatic levels (trapezius muscle and 5 centimetres lateral to the spinous process of L3) and at remote sites (i.e. secondary hyperalgesia). |
| Sleep: Polysomnography (PSG) using the portable Alice PDX system, Philips Respironics Inc | Participants will be tested one time only (one assessment) at one day, in between January 20, 2019 and April 30, 2021. | Participants will be monitored in the comfort of their own home by ambulatory polysomnography. This will provide the following parameters: time in bed, total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wake duration after sleep onset, early morning awakening, sleep staging, sleep efficiency, sleep fragmentation, respiratory parameters, cardiac and myoclonic activity. |
| Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index | Participants will be tested one time only (one assessment) at one day, in between January 20, 2019 and April 30, 2021. | Self-reported perceived sleep quality. Score ranges from 0 to 21, 0 indicating no difficulty and 21 indicating severe sleep difficulties. |
| Insomnia Severity Index | Participants will be tested one time only (one assessment) at one day, in between January 20, 2019 and April 30, 2021. | Self-reported insomnia severity. Score ranges from 0 to 28, with 0 indicating no clinically significant insomnia and 28 indicating severe clinical insomnia. |
| DBAS (i.e. Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep) | Participants will be tested one time only (one assessment) at one day, in between January 20, 2019 and April 30, 2021. | Change in self-reported dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep. Score ranges from 0 to 10. Scores above 4 indicate unrealistic expectations for sleep or unrealistic thoughts about sleep. |
| Brief Pain Inventory: Pain Interference | Participants will be tested one time only (one assessment) at one day, in between January 20, 2019 and April 30, 2021. | Self-reported central sensitization symptoms. Score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more self-reported symptoms of central sensitization. |
| Brugmann Fatigue Scale | Participants will be tested one time only (one assessment) at one day, in between January 20, 2019 and April 30, 2021. | Self-reported fatigue severity. Score ranges from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating higher subjective levels of fatigue. |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression rating scale | Participants will be tested one time only (one assessment) at one day, in between January 20, 2019 and April 30, 2021. | Self-reported affective symptoms. Score ranges from 0 to 21, with 0 indicating absence of depression or anxiety and 21 indicating the presence of depression or anxiety. |
| Physical Activity using Actigraphy | Participants will be tested one time only (one assessment) at one day, in between January 20, 2019 and April 30, 2021. | Physical activity: Continuous assessment of physical activity and rest/activity cycles |
| Short Form Health Survey - 36 items Mental Health | Participants will be tested one time only (one assessment) at one day, in between January 20, 2019 and April 30, 2021. | Self-reported functional status and well-being or quality of life. Score ranges from 0 to 400 with higher scores indicating better mental health. |
| Short Form Health Survey - 36 items Physical Health | Participants will be tested one time only (one assessment) at one day, in between January 20, 2019 and April 30, 2021. | Self-reported functional status and well-being or quality of life. Score ranges from 0 to 400 with higher scores indicating better physical health. |
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale | Participants will be tested one time only (one assessment) at one day, in between January 20, 2019 and April 30, 2021. | Self-reported sleep propensity. Score ranges from 0 to 24, with 0 indicating normal daytime sleepiness and 24 indicating severe excessive daytime sleepiness. |
Countries
Belgium
Outcome results
None listed