Attentional Bias, Positive Perceptions About Cigarette Smoking, Smoking Cues, Smoking Susceptibility, Social Norms
Conditions
Keywords
Positive Smoking expectancies, e-cigarette advertising, adolescents
Brief summary
This research aims to investigate how exposure to advertising for Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (commonly called e-cigarettes) may lead to combustible smoking initiation in adolescents.
Detailed description
\[3/14/2020\]: Study recruitment temporarily halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Interventions
OTHERnon e-cigarette TV commercials
Participants view a series of non e-cigarette TV commercials
BEHAVIORALE-cigarette ad exposure
Participants view a series of e-cigarette TV commercials
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Dartmouth College
Trustees of Dartmouth College
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
14 Years to 17 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
\-
Exclusion criteria
*
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Implicit Positive Smoking Expectancies, Measured by the Implicit Association Test | within 5 minutes post intervention | Scores are measured by recording the amount of time (milliseconds) it takes to categorize smoking-related words with positive (e.g., cool) and negative (e.g., cancer) words. Faster reaction times when categorizing smoking-related words with positive words is evidence of higher positive smoking expectancies. |
| Amount of Time Spent Looking at Static Smoking Cues in E-cigarette Advertisements | approximately 30 minutes post intervention | Eye-tracking will be used to measure the amount of time (milliseconds) spent looking at static smoking cues in screen shots taken from e-cigarette advertisements. The amount time spent looking at a smoking cue is a measure how much attention was given to the smoking cue. The longer the looking time, the greater amount of attention. |
| Implicit Positive Vaping Expectancies, Measured by the Implicit Association Test | within 5 minutes post intervention | Scores are measured by recording the amount of time (milliseconds) it takes to categorize vaping-related words with positive (e.g., cool) and negative (e.g., cancer) words. Faster reaction times when categorizing smoking-related words with positive words is evidence of higher positive smoking expectancies. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
139 participants competed the consent process and agreed to participate in this study. However, only 127 completed any study visits because of the suspension of in-person lab visits caused by the COVID-19 pandemic between March 2020 and July 2021.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| E-cigarette ad Exposure Participants in the e-cigarette ad exposure condition will view e-cigarette ads on the computer screen while having their eye movements tracked
E-cigarette ad exposure: Participants view a series of e-cigarette TV commercials | 86 |
| Non E-cigarette ad Exposure Participants in the non e-cigarette ad exposure condition will view non e-cigarette ads on the computer screen while having their eye movements tracked
non e-cigarette TV commercials: Participants view a series of non e-cigarette TV commercials | 41 |
| Total | 127 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | E-cigarette ad Exposure | Total | Non E-cigarette ad Exposure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 86 Participants | 127 Participants | 41 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 15.04 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.01 | 15.15 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.08 | 15.36 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 85 Participants | 126 Participants | 41 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Positive smoking expectancies | 0.88 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.33 | 0.83 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.3 | 0.68 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.13 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 6 Participants | 6 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 4 Participants | 4 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 74 Participants | 115 Participants | 41 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 86 Participants | 127 Participants | 41 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 43 Participants | 67 Participants | 24 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 42 Participants | 58 Participants | 16 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Amount of Time Spent Looking at Static Smoking Cues in E-cigarette Advertisements
Eye-tracking will be used to measure the amount of time (milliseconds) spent looking at static smoking cues in screen shots taken from e-cigarette advertisements. The amount time spent looking at a smoking cue is a measure how much attention was given to the smoking cue. The longer the looking time, the greater amount of attention.
Time frame: approximately 30 minutes post intervention
Population: Data not collected for participants in Non E-cigarette ad Exposure Arm because they were not exposed to e-cigarette advertisements.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| E-cigarette ad Exposure | Amount of Time Spent Looking at Static Smoking Cues in E-cigarette Advertisements | 972.34 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 581.76 |
Primary
Implicit Positive Smoking Expectancies, Measured by the Implicit Association Test
Scores are measured by recording the amount of time (milliseconds) it takes to categorize smoking-related words with positive (e.g., cool) and negative (e.g., cancer) words. Faster reaction times when categorizing smoking-related words with positive words is evidence of higher positive smoking expectancies.
Time frame: within 5 minutes post intervention
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| E-cigarette ad Exposure | Implicit Positive Smoking Expectancies, Measured by the Implicit Association Test | 1072.96 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 171.91 |
| Non E-cigarette ad Exposure | Implicit Positive Smoking Expectancies, Measured by the Implicit Association Test | 1029.87 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 108.6 |
Primary
Implicit Positive Vaping Expectancies, Measured by the Implicit Association Test
Scores are measured by recording the amount of time (milliseconds) it takes to categorize vaping-related words with positive (e.g., cool) and negative (e.g., cancer) words. Faster reaction times when categorizing smoking-related words with positive words is evidence of higher positive smoking expectancies.
Time frame: within 5 minutes post intervention
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| E-cigarette ad Exposure | Implicit Positive Vaping Expectancies, Measured by the Implicit Association Test | 1001.37 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 114.74 |
| Non E-cigarette ad Exposure | Implicit Positive Vaping Expectancies, Measured by the Implicit Association Test | 1029.86 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 108.6 |