Weight Gain
Conditions
Keywords
Bitter melon seed oil, Olive oil, Weight control, UCP1 polymorphism
Brief summary
To investigate the metabolic benefits of bitter melon seed oil (BMSO), overweight or obese healthy Taiwanese adults (n=60) were randomly assigned to receive capsules containing either olive oil (OO; placebo) or BMSO at 4.5 g/d dose for 12 week. Across intervention period, body weight, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat mass were measured. Blood were collected before and after intervention for measurements of blood lipid and inflammatory cytokines. The anti-obesity effect of BMSO was further assessed by stratification of participants according to UCP1 rs1800592 polymorphism.
Detailed description
Bitter melon is a common Asian vegetable. Its seed is not edible and discarded as a waste product. However, the seed oil is enriched in cis9, trans11, trans13-conjugated linolenic acid or alpha-eleostearic acid (alpha-ESA). Investigators previously demonstrated the anti-obesity functions of bitter melon seed oil (BMSO) in animal trials. Herein, a RCT was conducted to test the potential of BMSO in developing as a functional culinary oil for weight control. Considering UCP-1 played a pivotal role in anti-adiposity function of BMSO as demonstrated in animal studies, the anti-obesity effect of BMSO was further assessed according to UCP1 rs1800592 polymorphism. Healthy Taiwanese adults with overweight or obesity were recruited by advertisement and were assessed by a family medicine physician for eligibility. All participants signed the consent form. Blocked randomization was used to randomly assign participants into one of two groups to receive indicated supplement (BMSO or OO capsules with identical appearance; 4.5 g oil/d) for 12 week. Subjects were requested to maintain their usual diet and physical activity during the study period (0-12 week). Anthropometric measurements were done on week 0, 4, 8 and 12. Three-day food records, collection of blood samples and physical health check were conducted on week 0, 4 and 12. Indirect calorimetry was done on week 0 and 12. Questionnaires about self-reported side effects, such as trouble sleeping, constipation, diarrhea, increased heartbeat, palpitations, headache, anxiety, or dizziness, were collected in each visit. Group allocation was concealed.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTBMSO
BMSO was extracted from Hualien No. 4 cultivate of bitter melon seed. BMSO were incorporated into capsules containing 0.5 g of oil. All persons took 3 capsules after each meal, i.e. 9 capsules (4.5 g of oil) daily, resulting in daily consumption of 2.3 g alpha-ESA in the BMSO group.
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTOO
Olive oil (extra virgin grade) was purchased from La Espanola (Acesur, Spain). OO were incorporated into capsules containing 0.5 g of oil, identical appearance to BMSO. All persons took 3 capsules after each meal, i.e. 9 capsules (4.5 g of oil) daily.
Sponsors
China Medical University Hospital
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to 64 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 or waist circumference \> 90 cm in males and \> 80 cm in females) * 20-64 y of age * not currently using any weight-reducing agent
Exclusion criteria
* diabetes * endocrine disease * uncontrolled high blood pressure (systolic ≥ 180 mm Hg or diastolic ≥ 110 mm Hg) * liver, kidney, or cardiovascular disease * gastrointestinal disease * psychological diseases * pregnancy or lactation * asthma and allergies * smoking * use of any drugs or dietary supplements that potentially affected body weight, blood lipids, blood pressure, or inflammatory responses.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Weight gain | 12 week | Changes at intervention for 4,8 and 12 week |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BMI | 12 wk | Changes at intervention for 4,8 and 12 week |
| waist-to hip ratio | 12 wk | Changes at intervention for 4,8 and 12 week |
| body fat mass | 12 wk | Changes at intervention for 4,8 and 12 week |
Outcome results
None listed