Pain, Fear, Stress, Anxiety
Conditions
Brief summary
In Finland about 50% of surgical operations for all under 16 years of age are made as day surgery which means that the patient comes to the hospital and is discharged on the day of the operation. Day surgery will continue to grow in the next few years. Its benefits include shorter hospitalization, family reunion and rapid recovery. The preschool children and their parents who come in for day surgery feel fear, anxiety and stress, which depend on the amount of knowledge and its quality. By developing the preparation of preschool children and their parents for day surgery, and by testing new methods more attention can be paid to the special features of day surgery, supporting the families, and increasing family involvement in the whole process. The purpose of this study is to describe and evaluate the effectiveness of a new mobile application intervention compared to the effectiveness of the traditional preparing method when measuring preschool children's fear and pain and their parents' anxiety and stress. The aim is to produce new information and to develop day surgery of preschool children. The study consist of two phases. The first phase of the research is a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. The purpose of the review is to assess and describe the methods previously used in the preparation of parental day surgery and their effectiveness for preschool children fear and pain and parents' anxiety and stress. The second phase of the study is carried out as a randomized controlled trial (=RCT). The parents of the preschool children are randomized to the mobile application group (n = 50-60) and the control group (n = 50-60). The sample size is based on power-analysis, with anxiety as the primary outcome. The material for the second phase of the study is collected at the day surgery department of the Oulu University Hospital. The study group is prepared for day surgery with a new mobile application and the control group according to the traditional preparing method. The study examines the effectiveness of a new intervention compared to the effectiveness of the traditional preparing method when measuring preschool children's fear and pain and their parents' anxiety and stress. The collected data are analyzed using the Mann-Whitney, t-test, Khi square test, and Fisher's accurate test.
Interventions
OTHERMobile application
A mobile application that will be used to prepare families for day surgery
OTHERcurrent practice
the current practice used to prepare families for day surgery
Sponsors
University of Oulu
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
RCT
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
2 Years to 6 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* ASA 1 or 2 * ELECTIVE DAY SURGIGAL PROCEDURE IN 3-4 WEEKS * PARENT ABLE TO USE MOBILE INTERVENTION, UNDERSTANDS FINNISH AND WILLING TO PARTICIPATE IN PREPARING CHILD FOR DAY SURGERY * GENERAL ANAESTHESIA
Exclusion criteria
* INCLUSION CRITERIA NOT MET
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Parents' Anxiety measured with STAI-Y1. | first measurement at home before the procedure | The STAI meter is a two-part adult anxiety meter developed by Charles D. Spielberg and his research team (1983). It separates situation related anxiety (STATE-A = Y1) from character related tendency towards anxiety (TRAIT-A). In this study, the most commonly used version of the STAI meter and only it's STATE-A section is utilized. Here, the parent evaluates his own current anxiety on a four-step scale with twenty questions. The respondents choose from the following options at each question: 1 = no anxiety at all, 2 = slight anxiety, 3 = some anxiety 4 = very much anxiety. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Parents' Stress with VRSS | first measurement at home before the procedure | VRSS (short Verbal Rating Scale for Stress). The VRSS meter measures stress experienced by the parent. The meter consists of six claims: 0 = I did not feel stress at all 1 = I felt little stress 2 = I felt some stress 3 = I felt quite a lot of stress 4 = I felt a lot of stress 5 = I felt the worst stress imaginable. |
| Children's Fear with FAS | first measurement at home before the procedure | FAS (Facial Affective Scale). The FAS meter measures the child's fear with nine facial images and describes its intensity ranging from no fear to the worst possible fear. |
| Children's Pain with PPPM | first measurement at home before the procedure | PPPM (Parent's Postoperative Pain Measure). The PPPM meter measures pain behavior of children aged 1 to 6 years of age as assessed by their parents. The PPPM meter is divided into a section for 1-to 2 -year-old children and another section for 3- to 6 -year-olds. |
| Children's Pain with VAS | first measurement at home before the procedure | VAS (Visual Analogy Scale). The VAS scale allows the parents to evaluate the intensity of the pain of their children on a 10cm long scale that starts at zero meaning no pain at all and ends at 10 representing the worst possible pain. Preschool children evaluate their pain with a face scale, also where zero means no pain and ten means the worst possible pain. |
Countries
Finland
Outcome results
None listed