Aging, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Disability Physical, Insulin Resistance, Sarcopenia
Conditions
Brief summary
What are the effects of resistance exercise (RE) alone or RE plus low intensity physical activity (LPA) breaks in sedentary time (ST) on skeletal muscle health in older adults? What are the effects of resistance exercise (RE) alone or RE plus low intensity physical activity (LPA) breaks in sedentary time (ST) on skeletal cardiometabolic health in older adults?
Detailed description
Although awareness of the detrimental impact that sedentary behavior has on skeletal muscle and cardiometabolic health has increased over the last 20 years, more than 60% of older adults remain sedentary for greater than 8 hours per day. Moreover, 80% to 90% of adults 60 years of age or older do not meet the current public health guidelines for aerobic exercise (AE) or resistance exercise (RE) based physical activity (PA). Collectively, these adverse health behaviors contribute to the development of multiple chronic medical conditions commonly afflicting older adults, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, sarco/dynapenia, frailty, and premature mortality. Emerging evidence suggests that breaking up sedentary time with light intensity PA (LPA) improves muscle and cardiometabolic health. Recent data also suggest that RE combined with moderate intensity AE effectively improves muscle and cardiometabolic health in older adults. However, the impact that RE combined with LPA breaks in sedentary time has on muscle and cardiometabolic health in older adults remains unknown. The overall objective of this pilot study is to determine the effect of 16 weeks of RE alone or RE combined with LPA breaks in sedentary time on muscle and cardiometabolic health.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALExercise Intervention
The use of exercise to improve muscle and cardiometabolic health in older adults.
Sponsors
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Louisiana State University and A&M College
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
65 Years to 80 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. Are capable and willing to give written informed consent, and understand
Exclusion criteria
2. 65-80 years of age inclusive 3. Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5-34.9 kg/m2, inclusive 4. Physically inactive determined by self-report 5. Stable medical therapy for allowable medications for 30 days defined as: 1. No addition or removal of a medication 2. No change in dosage of a medication 6. Having no life-threatening conditions or diseases 7. Willing to allow researchers to use data, bio-specimens (blood and muscle tissue), and images (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging) for research purposes after study participation is completed 8. At least 2 weeks post-completion of the COVID19 vaccine regimen. a. Acceptable proof of vaccine includes a completed vaccine card and/or letter from a healthcare provider indicating the date that the COVID19 vaccine was completed.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Skeletal Muscle Strength | Measured at week 0 (baseline) and week 16 | The investigators will determine the change from baseline in skeletal muscle strength. These measurements will be performed at baseline and following 16 weeks of exercise training using isokinetic dynamometry and 1 repetition maximum testing. |
| Skeletal Muscle Mass | Measured at week 0 (baseline) and week 16 | The investigators will determine the change from baseline in skeletal muscle mass. These measurements will be performed at baseline and following 16 weeks of exercise training using Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mitochondrial Function | Measured at week 0 (baseline) and week 16 | The investigators will determine the change from baseline in mitochondrial function. These measurements will be performed at baseline and following 16 weeks of exercise training. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
24 participants were enrolled in the present study, 23 participants were randomized. 1 participant did not complete baseline testing.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Resistance Exercise Exercise Intervention: Participants will be asked to complete supervised resistance exercise 2 days per week.
Exercise Intervention: The use of exercise to improve muscle and cardiometabolic health in older adults. | 7 |
| RE Plus Low Intensity Physical Activity Exercise Intervention: Participants will be asked to complete supervised resistance exercise 2 days per week and regular unsupervised low intensity physical activity breaks in sedentary time 5 days per week \[6x10 min breaks/d at 2 metabolic equivalents (METS) or \
30-40% peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak), \
500 kcal/wk above resting metabolism\].
Exercise Intervention: The use of exercise to improve muscle and cardiometabolic health in older adults. | 8 |
| RE Plus Moderate IntensityExercise Exercise Intervention: Participants will be asked to complete supervised RE 2 days per week and supervised calorically matched moderate intensity physical activity 3 days per week (50 min/session at 4 METS (\
60-75% VO2 peak), \
500 kcal/week above resting metabolism).
Exercise Intervention: The use of exercise to improve muscle and cardiometabolic health in older adults. | 8 |
| Total | 23 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Covid-19 Shutdown | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Resistance Exercise | Total | RE Plus Moderate IntensityExercise | RE Plus Low Intensity Physical Activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 70.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.9 | 70.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.9 | 69.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 5 | 70.4 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.9 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 2 Participants | 4 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 5 Participants | 19 Participants | 7 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 7 participants | 23 participants | 8 participants | 8 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 5 Participants | 16 Participants | 5 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 2 Participants | 7 Participants | 3 Participants | 2 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 7 | 0 / 8 | 0 / 8 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 7 | 0 / 8 | 2 / 8 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 7 | 0 / 8 | 0 / 8 |
Outcome results
Primary
Skeletal Muscle Mass
The investigators will determine the change from baseline in skeletal muscle mass. These measurements will be performed at baseline and following 16 weeks of exercise training using Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry.
Time frame: Measured at week 0 (baseline) and week 16
Population: Change Appendicular Lean Mass (kg/m\^2)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resistance Exercise | Skeletal Muscle Mass | 0.22 Change Appendicular Lean Mass (kg/m^2) | Standard Error 0.11 |
| RE Plus Moderate Intensity Exercise | Skeletal Muscle Mass | 0.17 Change Appendicular Lean Mass (kg/m^2) | Standard Error 0.1 |
| RE Plus Low Intensity Physical Activity | Skeletal Muscle Mass | 0.27 Change Appendicular Lean Mass (kg/m^2) | Standard Error 0.1 |
Primary
Skeletal Muscle Strength
The investigators will determine the change from baseline in skeletal muscle strength. These measurements will be performed at baseline and following 16 weeks of exercise training using isokinetic dynamometry and 1 repetition maximum testing.
Time frame: Measured at week 0 (baseline) and week 16
Population: Change is Leg Press 1-RM
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resistance Exercise | Skeletal Muscle Strength | 93.9 Change in Lbs | Standard Error 17.9 |
| RE Plus Moderate Intensity Exercise | Skeletal Muscle Strength | 50.0 Change in Lbs | Standard Error 15.2 |
| RE Plus Low Intensity Physical Activity | Skeletal Muscle Strength | 78.6 Change in Lbs | Standard Error 15.2 |
Secondary
Mitochondrial Function
The investigators will determine the change from baseline in mitochondrial function. These measurements will be performed at baseline and following 16 weeks of exercise training.
Time frame: Measured at week 0 (baseline) and week 16
Population: Change skeletal muscle oxidative capacity measured using high-resolution respirometry in permeabilized muscle fibers for complex I and II substrates (pyruvate, malate, glutamate, and succinate) expressed as pmols/sec/mg wet weight.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resistance Exercise | Mitochondrial Function | 27.2 pmols/sec/mg wet weight | Standard Error 5.9 |
| RE Plus Moderate Intensity Exercise | Mitochondrial Function | 17.0 pmols/sec/mg wet weight | Standard Error 5.4 |
| RE Plus Low Intensity Physical Activity | Mitochondrial Function | 5.9 pmols/sec/mg wet weight | Standard Error 8.3 |