Abdominal Obesity, Obesity, Overweight
Conditions
Keywords
exercise, electromyostimulation, protein, weight reduction
Brief summary
The present study aimed to determine the effect of different interventions on lean body mass maintenance under weight loss conditions in overweight and obese premenopausal women. Three study groups were implemented: (1) Protein supplementation (only) group (2) Protein supplementation and walking intervention (3) Protein supplementation, walking and WB-EMS-application. All protocols were applied for 16 week of intervention. A energy deficit of 500 kcal/d was intended however while group (1) focus consistently on energy restriction (500 kcal/d), in group (2) and (3) a combined physical activity (i.e. walking with a volume representing 250 kcal/d) and energy restriction (250 kcal/d) protocol was applied. Total protein uptake including protein supplementation was calculated to average around 1.2 g/kg body mass per day in groups (1) and 1.5 g/kg body mass/d in group (2) and (3). WB-EMS was applied 1.5x 20 min/week (i.e. each Tuesday and every second Thursday). Primary study endpoint was LBM as determined by Dual Energy x-Ray Absorptiometry.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTProtein
Protein supplementation 1.2 or 1.5 g/kg body mass/d
BEHAVIORALWalking
Walking with a volume corresponding to 250 kcal/d
BEHAVIORALWB-EMS application
WB-EMS application 1.5x 20 min/week
Sponsors
University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Medical School
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Outcome assessors were not aware of the status of the participants and were not allowed to ask correspondingly. Each of the participants were blinded according to the treatment and intervention. Participants of the three study groups were not in contact.
Intervention model description
Randomized controlled parallel group design with 3 study arms
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
25 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* premenopausal women 25-50 years old * overweight/obesity (body fat rate equal or higher 30%)
Exclusion criteria
* medication and diseases affecting muscle and fat metabolism * pregnant or parturition \< 6 months * any condition or medication that prevent proper physical activity or WB-EMS application * holidays equal or more than 1 week during the intervention period * other interventions with impact on the primary and core secondary outcome (i.e. body fat parameters) started during the last year.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Lean body mass | changes from baseline to 16 week follow-up | Fat and bone free total body mass in kg |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Total Body Fat Rate | changes from baseline to 16 week follow-up | Percent Total Body Fat Rate |
| Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass | changes from baseline to 16 week follow-up | Lean Body Mass of the upper and lower limbs in kg |
| Total Body Fat | changes from baseline to 16 week follow-up | Total Body Fat in kg |
| Trunk fat | changes from baseline to 16 week follow-up | Total trunk fat in kg |
| Metabolic Syndrome Z-Score | changes from baseline to 16 week follow-up | Summarized Z-Score that included Z-Scores of blood lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, resting blood pressure and waist circumference. Cut-offs based on the definition of the International Diabetes Federations |
| Visceral Body Fat | changes from baseline to 16 week follow-up | Total visceral body fat in kg |
Countries
Germany
Outcome results
None listed