Gastrointestinal Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer, Gastric Cancer, Colon Cancer, Rectal Cancer
Conditions
Keywords
Immunotherapy, Cell Therapy, KRAS, HRAS, NRAS
Brief summary
Background: A new cancer therapy takes white blood cells from a person, grows them in a lab, genetically changes them, then gives them back to the person. Researchers think this may help attack tumors in people with certain cancers. It is called gene transfer using anti-Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) Glycine(G) to Aspartic Acid(D) substitution at codon 12(G12D) murine T-cell receptor (mTCR) cells. Objective: To see if anti-KRAS G12D mTCR cells are safe and cause tumors to shrink. Eligibility: Adults ages 18-72 who have cancer with a molecule on the tumors that can be recognized by the study cells Design: Participants will be screened with medical history, physical exam, scans, photography, and heart, lung, and lab tests. An intravenous (IV) catheter will be placed in a large vein in the chest. Participants will have leukapheresis. Blood will be removed through a needle in an arm. A machine will divide the blood and collect white blood cells. The rest of the blood will be returned to the participant through a needle in the other arm. A few weeks later, participants will have a hospital stay. They will: * Get 2 chemotherapy medicines by IV over 5 days. * Get the changed cells through the catheter. Get up to 9 doses of medicine to help the cells. They may get a shot to stimulate blood cells. * Recover in the hospital for up to 3 weeks. They will provide blood samples. Participants will take an antibiotic for at least 6 months. Participants will have several follow-up visits over 2 years. They will repeat most of the screening tests and may have leukapheresis. Participants blood will be collected for several years.
Detailed description
Background: * We generated an human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A11:01-restricted murine T-cell receptor (mTCR) that specifically recognizes the Glycine(G) to Aspartic Acid(D) substitution at codon 12 (G12D)-mutated variant of Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) (and other RAS family genes), expressed by many human cancers and constructed a single retroviral vector that contains alpha and beta chains that confer recognition of this antigen when transduced into peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). * In co-cultures with HLA-A11:01+ target cells expressing this mutated oncogene, mTCR transduced T-cells lyse target cells and secrete interferon (IFN)-gamma with high specificity. Objectives: -Primary objectives: * Phase I: Determine the safety of administering PBL transduced with anti-KRAS G12D mTCR in concert with preparative lymphodepletion and high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2; aldesleukin). * Phase II: Determine if anti-KRAS G12D mTCR-transduced PBL can mediate the regression of tumors harboring the rat sarcoma (RAS) G12D mutation. Eligibility: * Patients must be/have: * Age greater than or equal to 18 years and less than or equal to 72 years * HLA-A\*11:01 positive * Metastatic or unresectable RAS G12D-expressing cancer which has progressed after standard therapy (if available). * Patients may not have: * Allergies or hypersensitivities to high dose aldesleukin, cyclophosphamide, or fludarabine. Design: * This is a phase I/II, single center study of PBL transduced with anti-KRAS G12D mTCR in HLA-A\*11:01 positive patients with advanced solid tumors expressing G12D mutated RAS. * PBMC obtained by leukapheresis will be cultured in the presence of anti-cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) Ortho-Kung T-cell 3 (OKT3) and aldesleukin in order to stimulate T-cell growth. * Transduction is initiated by exposure of these cells to retroviral vector supernatant containing replication-incompetent virus encoding the anti-KRAS G12D mTCR. * All patients will receive a non-myeloablative, lymphodepleting preparative regimen of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine. * On Day 0, patients will receive their PBL transduced with the anti-KRAS G12D mTCR and will then begin high dose aldesleukin. * A complete evaluation of lesions will be conducted approximately 6 weeks (plus-minus 2 weeks) after treatment. * The study will be conducted using a phase I/II Simon minimax design, with two separate cohorts for the Phase II component: Cohort 2a, patients with RAS G12D pancreatic cancer, and Cohort 2b, patients with RAS G12D non-pancreatic cancer. * A total of up to 70 patients may be required; approximately 24 patients in the Phase I portion of the study and 46 (21, plus an allowance of up to 2 non-evaluable per Phase II cohort) patients in the Phase II portion of the study.
Interventions
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTPET
Within 6 weeks and post treatment follow-up
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTChest x-ray
Baseline within 14 days prior to preparative regimen
OTHERPhotography
Within 6 weeks and post treatment follow-up
DRUGCyclophosphamide
Days -7 and -6: Cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg/day x 2 days intravenous (IV) in 250 mL 5% Dextrose in water (D5W) infused simultaneously with mesna 15 mg/kg/day over 1 hour x 2 days.
DRUGFludarabine
Days -7 to -3: Fludarabine 25 mg/m\^2/day intravenous piggyback (IVPB) daily over 30 minutes for 5 days.
DRUGAldesleukin
Aldesleukin 720,000 IU/kg intravenous (IV) (based on total body weight) over 15 minutes approximately every 8 hours beginning within 24 hours of cell infusion and continuing for up to 3 days (maximum 9 doses).
BIOLOGICALanti-Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) Glycine(G) to Aspartic Acid(D) substitution at codon 12 peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL)
Day 0: Cells will be infused intravenously on the Patient Care Unit over 20-30 minutes (2-4 days after the last dose of fludarabine).
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTEKG
Baseline within 14 days prior to preparative regimen
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTCT
Within 6 weeks and post treatment follow-up
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTMRI
Within 6 weeks and post treatment follow-up
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SEQUENTIAL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 72 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
-INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Measurable (per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1 criteria), metastatic, or unresectable malignancy expressing G12D mutated KRAS as assessed by one of the following methods: Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) on tumor tissue, tumor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing, or any other Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-certified laboratory test on resected tissue. Patients shown to have tumors expressing Glycine(G) to Aspartic Acid(D) substitution at codon 12(G12D) mutated neuroblastoma rat sarcoma (NRAS) and Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS) will also be eligible as these oncogenes share complete amino acid homology with G12D mutated KRAS for their first 80 N-terminal amino acids, completely encompassing the target epitope. 2. Patients must be human leukocyte antigens (HLA) -A\*11:01 positive as confirmed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Department of Transfusion Medicine. 3. Confirmation of the diagnosis of cancer by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Laboratory of Pathology. 4. Patients must have: -previously received standard systemic therapy for their advanced cancer and have been either non-responders or have recurred, specifically: * Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer must have had at least two systemic chemotherapy regimens that include 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), leucovorin, bevacizumab, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (or similar agents), or have contraindications to receiving those medications. * Patients with pancreatic cancer must have received gemcitabine, 5FU, and oxaliplatin (or similar agents), or have contraindications to receiving those medications. * Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) must have had appropriate targeted therapy as indicated by abnormalities in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR), or expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Other patients must have had platinum-based chemotherapy. * Patients with ovarian cancer or prostate cancer must have had approved first-line chemotherapy. OR -declined standard treatment. 5. Patients with 3 or fewer brain metastases that are \< 1 cm in diameter and asymptomatic are eligible. Lesions that have been treated with stereotactic radiosurgery must be clinically stable for one month after treatment for the patient to be eligible. Patients with surgically resected brain metastases are eligible. 6. Age greater than or equal to 18 years and less than or equal to 72 years. 7. Clinical performance status of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0 or 1 8. Patients must be willing to practice birth control from the time of enrollment on this study and for 12 months after the last dose of combined chemotherapy for women and for four months after treatment for men. 9. Women of child-bearing potential must be willing to undergo a pregnancy test prior to the start of treatment because of the potentially dangerous effects of the treatment on the fetus. NOTE: Certain malignancies may secrete hormones that produce false positive pregnancy tests. Serial blood testing (e.g. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) measurements) and/ or ultrasound may be performed for clarification. 10. Serology -Seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody. (The experimental treatment being evaluated in this protocol depends on an intact immune system. Patients who are HIV seropositive may have decreased immune-competence and thus may be less responsive to the experimental treatment and more susceptible to its toxicities.) -Seronegative for hepatitis B antigen, and seronegative for hepatitis C antibody. If hepatitis C antibody test is positive, then patient must be tested for the presence of antigen by RT-PCR and be hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid (HCV RNA) negative 11. Hematology * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 1000/mm\^3 without the support of filgrastim * White blood cell (WBC) greater than or equal to 2500/mm\^3 * Platelet count greater than or equal to 80,000/mm\^3 * Hemoglobin \> 8.0 g/dL. Subjects may be transfused to reach this cut-off. 12. Chemistry * Serum alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) less than or equal to 5.0 x ULN * Serum creatinine less than or equal to 1.6 mg/dL * Total bilirubin less than or equal to 2.0 mg/dL, except in patients with Gilbert's Syndrome, who must have a total bilirubin \< 3.0 mg/dL. 13. Patients must have completed any prior systemic therapy at the time of enrollment. Note: Patients may have undergone minor surgical procedures or limited field radiotherapy within the four weeks prior to enrollment, as long as related major organ toxicities have recovered to less than or equal to grade 1. 14. Ability of subject to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document. 15. Willing to sign a durable power of attorney. 16. Subjects must be co-enrolled on the protocol 03C0277.
Exclusion criteria
1. Women of child-bearing potential who are pregnant or breastfeeding because of the potentially dangerous effects of the treatment on the fetus or infant. 2. Concurrent systemic steroid therapy. 3. Active systemic infections requiring anti-infective treatment, coagulation disorders, or any other active or uncompensated major medical illnesses. 4. Any form of primary immunodeficiency (such as Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease). 5. Concurrent opportunistic infections (The experimental treatment being evaluated in this protocol depends on an intact immune system. Patients who have decreased immune competence may be less responsive to the experimental treatment and more susceptible to its toxicities.) 6. History of severe immediate hypersensitivity reaction to cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, or aldesleukin. 7. History of coronary revascularization or ischemic symptoms. 8. For select patients with a clinical history prompting cardiac evaluation: last known left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than or equal to 45%. I. For select patients with a clinical history prompting pulmonary evaluation: known forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) less than or equal to 50%. j. Patients who are receiving any other investigational agents.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Phase I: Number of Grades 1, 2, 3, 4, and/or 5 and Type of Serious and/or Non-serious Toxicities Experienced by Participants at Each Dose Level | from the start of cyclophosphamide, through the first follow-up evaluation (6 weeks [± 2 weeks]) following administration of the cell product) until off study, whichever comes first, an average of 2.3 months | All participants will be evaluable for toxicity from the time of their first treatment with cyclophosphamide. Toxicity was assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5.0). A non-serious adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence. A serious adverse event is an adverse event or suspected adverse reaction that results in death, a life-threatening adverse drug experience, hospitalization, disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, congenital anomaly/birth defect or important medical events that jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the previous outcomes mentioned. Grade 1 is mild. Grade 2 is moderate. Grade 3 is severe. Grade 4 is life-threatening. Grade 5 is death related to adverse event. |
| Phase I: Percentage of Participants Who Experienced a Grade 3, 4 and/or 5 Serious Dose-Limiting Toxicity (DLT) Reported With Type at Each Dose Level | At the time of cell infusion and end two weeks after cell infusion, an average of one month | Toxicity was assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. A DLT is all grade 3 and greater toxicities related to the cell infusion with exceptions, such as myelosuppression, defined as lymphopenia, neutropenia, decreased hemoglobin and thrombocytopenia due to the non-myeloablative lymphodepleting preparative regimen, expected chemotherapy toxicities, Aldesleukin expected toxicities, immediate hypersensitivity reactions occurring within 2 hours of cell infusion that are reversible to a grade 2 or less within 24 hours of cell administration with standard therapy, Grade 3 fever, Grade 3 metabolic laboratory abnormalities without significant clinical sequela that resolve to grade 2 within 7 days, Grade 3 autoimmune toxicity that resolves to grade 2 or less within 10 days unless immunosuppression is required, and events that are clearly related to the participants disease. Grade 3 is severe. Grade 4 is life-threatening. Grade 5 is death related to adverse event. |
| Phase II: Percentage of Participants With a Clinical Response (Complete Response (CR) + Partial Response (PR) Reported With 80% Confidence Interval | 6 weeks and 12 weeks following administration of the cell product, then every 3 months x3, then every 6 months x 2 years, then per principal investigator (PI) discretion | Percentage of participants who have a clinical response (PR+CR) to treatment (objective tumor regression). Response was assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) (version 1.1). CR is a disappearance of all target lesions. PR is at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). |
| Phase II: Percentage of Participants With a Clinical Response (Complete Response (CR) + Partial Response (PR) Reported With 95% Confidence Interval | 6 weeks and 12 weeks following administration of the cell product, then every 3 months x3, then every 6 months x 2 years, then per principal investigator (PI) discretion | Percentage of participants who have a clinical response (PR+CR) to treatment (objective tumor regression). Response was assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) (version 1.1). CR is a disappearance of all target lesions. PR is at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). |
Countries
United States
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORJames C Yang, M.D.
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
No participants were enrolled on Arm 2/Phase 2 because the study was closed due to lack of accrual and the study outcomes overlapped with another protocol's eligibility. Participants did not complete Phase 1; therefore Phase 2 did not start.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | — |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 5 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 43.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.64 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 2 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 2 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 1 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 1 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 1 | 0 / 1 | 0 / 1 | 1 / 2 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 1 / 1 | 1 / 1 | 1 / 1 | 2 / 2 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 1 / 1 | 0 / 1 | 0 / 1 | 1 / 2 |
Outcome results
None listed