Intestinal Barrier Function, Protein Digestion Kinetics
Conditions
Brief summary
In the current study the investigators aim to assess the nutritional quality and bio-functional activity of two alternative protein sources bovine plasma and corn and from the benchmark protein whey. The study is a double blind, randomised, cross-over, short-term trial in which 36 healthy study subjects will receive three protein interventions of 1 week with a washout period of 1 week between interventions. Study subjects will visit the research facility before and after the intervention period on two separate occasions to measure gut permeability via a multi-sugar test and to collect fasting blood samples and blood pressure outcomes. Faecal and saliva samples before and after each intervention will be collected. A subgroup of 12 study participants will also be subjected to a postprandial digestibility test on the first day of the interventions. The main study parameter is to assess the protein digestion kinetics and protection of the epithelial barrier. Secondary study parameters include other markers of gastrointestinal health, metabolic health, vascular health and satiating properties.
Detailed description
In the current study the investigators aim to assess the nutritional quality and bio-functional activity of two alternative protein sources bovine plasma and corn and from the benchmark protein whey. The objective is to assess the degree of digestibility and protection of the epithelial barrier of two alternative protein concentrates from corn and bovine plasma and of the commonly consumed benchmark protein whey. These outcomes will also be used to evaluate how predictive the in vitro-measurements have been for the obtained in vivo-effects. Secondary objectives are to assess the impact on other markers of gastrointestinal health, metabolic health, vascular health and satiating properties. Study design: The study is a double blind, randomised, cross-over, short-term trial in which 36 study subject will participate. Study subjects will receive three protein interventions of 1 week with a washout period of 1 week between interventions. Study subjects will visit the research facility before and after the intervention period on two separate occasions to measure gut permeability via a multi-sugar/acetylsalicylic acid test and to collect fasting blood samples and blood pressure outcomes. Faecal and saliva samples before and after each intervention will be collected. All measurements will be conducted after an overnight fast and a standardised evening meal prior to the study days. A subgroup of 12 study participants will also be subjected to a postprandial digestibility test on the first day of the interventions. Study population: healthy study subjects, between 35-70y, BMI 18 - 30kg/m2, both males and females. Intervention (if applicable): Three intervention arms of one week; a bovine plasma protein intervention, a corn protein intervention and a whey protein comparator intervention. Study subjects will receive 40 grams of protein per day during the intervention in two 20 g doses. Main study parameters/endpoints: The main study parameter is to assess the protein digestion kinetics and protection of the epithelial barrier. Secondary study parameters include other markers of gastrointestinal health, metabolic health, vascular health and satiating properties.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTCorn protein powder
40g/d ( 2 times 20 grams per day for a period of 1 week)
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTBovine plasma protein powder
40g/d ( 2 times 20 grams per day for a period of 1 week)
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTWhey protein powder
40g/d ( 2 times 20 grams per day for a period of 1 week)
Sponsors
Wageningen University and Research
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Proteins will be packed in non-transparent sealed sachets/jars and labeled with 'protein A/B/C'. Proteins will be flavored to mask taste
Intervention model description
double blind, randomised, cross-over, short-term trial in which 36 study subject will participate. Study subjects will receive three protein interventions of 1 week with a washout period of 1 week between interventions. 12 subjects will also receive an acute postprandial digestibility test at the start of the intervention.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
35 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy subjects * Age between 35-70 y * BMI between 18 - 30 kg/m2
Exclusion criteria
* Intake of medications known to change the inflammatory status (including proton pump inhibitors, anti-inflammatory medication (including NSAIDs) * Having a history of medical or surgical events that may significantly affect the study outcome * Kidney dysfunction (self-reported) * Gastrointestinal disorders, constipation (defecation \<3 times a week) or history of gastrointestinal surgery * Allergies for our intervention products * Recent use of antibiotics (\<1 month prior to day 01 of the study) * Not having a general practitioner * Mental status that is incompatible with the proper conduct of the study * Pregnancy or lactating * Reported weight loss or weight gain of \> 5 kg in the month prior to pre-study screening * Reported slimming, medically prescribed, other (extreme) diet, or use of protein concentrates * Not willing to give up blood donation during the study * Current smokers * Alcohol intake \> 3 glasses per day * Hard-drug abuse * Participation in other clinical trials in the past month * Being an employee or student of the department Consumer Science & Health group of Wageningen Food & Biobased Research
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in gut permeability for total cohort | before (Day-1) and after (Day6) the protein intervention | multi-sugar acetylsalicylic acid test |
| Change in blood free amino acids (e.g. Degree of digestibility) on a subset of participants | before (Day0) each intervention, 20 gram protein will be consumed and blood samples will be taken before and up to 3 hours after protein consumption | postprandial test, determine free amino acids in blood samples collected before and after the postprandial challenge test |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| change in faecal metabolites | before (Day0) and after (Day7) the protein intervention | obtained from faecal samples |
| change in VAS scores on intestinal complains | daily during the intervention from day1 until day7 of the intervention | On a scale ranging from worst-best outcome (higher scores are better) |
| change in blood markers of intestinal health, | before (Day0) and after (Day7) the protein intervention, under fasting conditions | like diamine oxidase, A1AT, citrulline, FABP-2, CRP or complement, |
| change in faecal microbiota | before (Day0) and after (Day7) the protein intervention | obtained from fecal samples |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| change in Pulse Wave Analysis | before (Day0) and after (Day7) the protein intervention, under fasting conditions | augmentation index |
| change in Glucose | before (Day0) and after (Day7) the protein intervention, under fasting conditions and after postprandial protein intake | Blood markers of metabolic health |
| change in Insulin | before (Day0) and after (Day7) the protein intervention, under fasting conditions and after postprandial protein intake | Blood markers of metabolic health |
| change in saliva markers | before (day-1 and day0) and after (day6 and day7) the protein intervention | reflecting intestinal health |
| change in blood pressure | before (Day0) and after (Day7) the protein intervention, under fasting conditions | Systolic and diastolic blood pressure |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed