Diabetes Mellitus
Conditions
Keywords
Type 2 Diabetes
Brief summary
Basal-bolus insulin therapy is recommended for patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) and HbA1c \>9%. However, basal-bolus insulin is labor intensive and associated with increased risk of hypoglycemia, glycemic variability, weight gain and poor compliance. Thus, there is a critical need for a simpler treatment regimen that could overcome these limitations. IDegLira, a fixed-ratio combination (FRC) therapy consisting of insulin degludec and liraglutide, is an attractive option for this population given its proven benefits on glycemic control, weight and compliance. This study aims to show that a simpler regimen using a novel FRC agent (IDegLira) can improve glycemic control, decrease hypoglycemia, reduce the burden of diabetes care, and improve satisfaction/adherence in patients with poorly controlled T2D with HbA1c between ≥ 9-12%. This open-label, treat-to- target, two-arm parallel, controlled trial will randomize participants with T2D and HbA1c ≥ 9%, treated with oral anti-diabetic agents and/or basal insulin therapy to lDegLira or basal-bolus insulin for 26 weeks.
Detailed description
Extensive literature has shown that persistent hyperglycemia is associated with short- and long-term complications. Sustained hyperglycemia, also known as glucotoxicity, leads to progressive loss of beta-cell function and is considered a key pathophysiological process in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients with severe hyperglycemia may respond poorly to oral anti-diabetic agents (OAD) alone initially and frequently require insulin to achieve glycemic targets. Current guidelines recommend to initiate therapy with basal insulin and progressively step up to basal-bolus insulin in patients with high HbA1c \>9%, particularly if symptomatic or with catabolic symptoms. A basal-bolus insulin regimen increases the risk of hypoglycemia, weight gain and glycemic variability, which are limiting factors in achieving glycemic targets. A basal-bolus insulin regimen is also labor intensive and often requires multiple daily injections, further increasing the burden of diabetes care and decreasing patient adherence. In contrast, simplified treatment plans may improve adherence, leading to glycemic targets achievement. Thus, there is a critical need for simpler regimens that could overcome clinical inertia, improve patient adherence, and decrease glycemic variability in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. This prospective randomized control trial will compare IDegLira to basal-bolus insulin regimen in achieving glycemic control, while reducing hypoglycemia, glycemic variability, and weight gain in patients with uncontrolled T2D and HbA1c ≥9%.
Interventions
DRUGIDegLira
Participants in this study arm will discontinue all other diabetes medications, except for metformin which will be continued at prescribed dose (unless contraindicated). IDegLira will be given once daily, at the same time of the day with or without food for 26 weeks. IDegLira will be titrated until the maximum dose is reached, up to the target fasting blood glucose of 70 to 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).
DRUGInsulin Degludec (U-100)
Participants in the basal-bolus insulin study arm will discontinue all other diabetes medications, except for metformin which will be continued at the prescribed dose (unless contraindicated). Insulin Degludec (U-100) will be given once daily at the same time for 26 weeks. The dose will be titrated up to the fasting blood glucose target of 70 to 100 mg/dL, with no maximum dose.
DRUGInsulin Aspart
Participants in the basal-bolus insulin study arm will discontinue all other diabetes medications, except for metformin which will be continued at the prescribed dose (unless contraindicated). Insulin aspart will be taken before meals with a titration schedule and dose adjustment protocol to target pre-meal blood glucose level of 70 to 100 mg/dL.
Sponsors
Novo Nordisk A/S
Emory University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Participants will be randomized in a 1 to 1 ratio to receive the study treatment or standard of care.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 80 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Type 2 diabetes, diagnosed for ≥ 6 months * HBA1c ≥ 9% - 15% * Previously treated with oral antidiabetic agents, including metformin, sulfonylurea, repaglinide/nateglinide, pioglitazone, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, (monotherapy + basal insulin) or in combination therapy (2-3 agents), and/or on basal insulin (neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH), detemir or glargine U100) at a total daily dose (TDD) 20-50 units (stable doses of metformin and basal insulin for at least 90 days, defined as up to ±10% variability) * Body mass index (BMI) ≤ 45 Kg/m2
Exclusion criteria
* Subjects with type 1 diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) (positive glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-65) antibody and/or ketones) * Subjects with a BG \> 400 mg/dL during the screening visit and laboratory evidence of diabetic ketoacidosis * Previous treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists (during prior 3 months) * Previous treatment with basal-bolus insulin (within prior 3 months) * Recurrent severe hypoglycemia or known hypoglycemia unawareness. * Personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer or multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 * Patients with acute or chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer * Patients with clinically significant hepatic disease (cirrhosis, jaundice, end-stage liver disease) or significantly impaired renal function (GFR \< 30 ml/min). * Treatment with oral or injectable corticosteroid (equivalent or higher than prednisone 5 mg/day), parenteral nutrition and immunosuppressive treatment. * Mental condition rendering the subject unable to understand the nature, scope, and possible consequences of the study * Hypersensitivity to study drugs * Participating in another investigational drug trial * The receipt of any investigational drug (within 3 months) prior to this trial. * Previously randomized in this trial * Heart Failure New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 4 or uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressure \> 180/110 mmHg) * Female subjects who are pregnant or breast-feeding at time of enrollment into the study * Females of childbearing potential who are not using adequate contraceptive methods (as required by local law or practice) * Known or suspected allergy to trial medications (degludec, liraglutide, aspart), excipients, or related products. * Subjects could be excluded based on PI's discretion * Unable to comply with trial protocol, and/or at investigator discretion * Patients receiving treatment for active diabetic retinopathy or with proliferative retinopathy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) | Baseline, Week 26 | HbA1c will be compared between study groups. HbA1c measures the average percentage of blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months and HbA1c can reduce with management of diabetes through diet, exercise, and medication. HbA1c levels below 5.7% are considered normal. Persons with values between 5.7% and 6.4% are considered at high risk of developing diabetes while those with values of 6.5% and above are diagnosed with diabetes. Persons with diabetes aim to get their HbA1c in the range of 7.0 to 7.5% or lower, with below 7.0% being preferable. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Average Daily Blood Glucose | Week1, Week 12, Week 26 | Mean daily blood glucose will be compared between study arms. Participants will perform an 8-point, self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) check by testing their blood sugar at 8 different time points. Blood glucose levels vary depending on when and what food has been consumed. A blood glucose level taken regardless of timing of meals of greater than 200 mg/dL often indicates diabetes. Blood glucose decreases with improved diabetes management. |
| Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and no Hypoglycemia | Week 26 | Percent of study participants experiencing HbA1c \<7.0% and no hypoglycemia will be compared between groups. Persons with diabetes aim to get their HbA1c in the range of 7.0 to 7.5% or lower, with below 7.0% being preferable. Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level of \< 70 mg/dL. |
| Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and no Weight Gain and no Hypoglycemia | Week 26 | Percent of study participants reaching A1c \< 7% without weight gain and no hypoglycemia will be compared between groups. Weight control is typically important in persons with type 2 diabetes and basal-bolus insulin is associated with weight gain. Persons with diabetes aim to get their HbA1c in the range of 7.0 to 7.5% or lower, with below 7.0% being preferable. Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level of \< 70 mg/dL. |
| Participants With HbA1c <7.5% and no Weight Gain and no Hypoglycemia | Week 26 | Percent of study participants reaching A1c \< 7.5% without weight gain and no hypoglycemia will be compared between groups. Weight control is typically important in persons with type 2 diabetes and basal-bolus insulin is associated with weight gain. Persons with diabetes aim to get their HbA1c in the range of 7.0 to 7.5% or lower, with below 7.0% being preferable. Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level of \< 70 mg/dL. |
| Participants With HbA1c >10% Achieving HbA1c <7.5% | Baseline, Week 26 | Percent of study participants with baseline HbA1c \>10% reaching A1c \< 7.5% will be compared between study groups. HbA1c measures the average percentage of blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months and HbA1c can reduce with management of diabetes through diet, exercise, and medication. HbA1c levels below 5.7% are considered normal. Persons with values between 5.7% and 6.4% are considered at high risk of developing diabetes while those with values of 6.5% and above are diagnosed with diabetes. Persons with diabetes aim to get their HbA1c in the range of 7.0 to 7.5% or lower, with below 7.0% being preferable. |
| Participants With HbA1c >10% Achieving HbA1c <8.0% | Baseline, Week 26 | Percent of study participants with baseline HbA1c \>10% reaching A1c \< 8.0% will be compared between study groups. HbA1c measures the average percentage of blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months and HbA1c can reduce with management of diabetes through diet, exercise, and medication. HbA1c levels below 5.7% are considered normal. Persons with values between 5.7% and 6.4% are considered at high risk of developing diabetes while those with values of 6.5% and above are diagnosed with diabetes. Persons with diabetes aim to get their HbA1c in the range of 7.0 to 7.5% or lower, with below 7.0% being preferable. |
| Participants With HbA1c >11% Achieving HbA1c <7.5% | Baseline, Week 26 | Percent of study participants with baseline HbA1c \>11% reaching A1c \< 7.5% will be compared between study groups. HbA1c measures the average percentage of blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months and HbA1c can reduce with management of diabetes through diet, exercise, and medication. HbA1c levels below 5.7% are considered normal. Persons with values between 5.7% and 6.4% are considered at high risk of developing diabetes while those with values of 6.5% and above are diagnosed with diabetes. Persons with diabetes aim to get their HbA1c in the range of 7.0 to 7.5% or lower, with below 7.0% being preferable. |
| Participants With HbA1c >11% Achieving HbA1c <8.0% | Baseline, Week 26 | Percent of study participants with baseline HbA1c \>11% reaching A1c \< 8.0% will be compared between study groups. HbA1c measures the average percentage of blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months and HbA1c can reduce with management of diabetes through diet, exercise, and medication. HbA1c levels below 5.7% are considered normal. Persons with values between 5.7% and 6.4% are considered at high risk of developing diabetes while those with values of 6.5% and above are diagnosed with diabetes. Persons with diabetes aim to get their HbA1c in the range of 7.0 to 7.5% or lower, with below 7.0% being preferable. |
| Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and no Weight Gain | Week 26 | Percent of study participants reaching A1c \< 7% without weight gain will be compared between groups. |
| Number of Participants With Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemic Events | Baseline through Week 26 | Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia is defined as an event with typical symptoms of hypoglycemia accompanied by SMBG \<70 mg/dL or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) \< 54 mg/dL that occurs at any time of the day. Number of participants with documented hypoglycemic events will be compared between study groups. |
| Asymptomatic Hypoglycemic Events | Baseline through Week 26 | Asymptomatic hypoglycemia is defined as no typical symptoms reported by the study participant but detected by SMBG \<70 mg/dL or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) \< 54 mg/dL. Incidence of asymptomatic hypoglycemic events will be compared between study groups. |
| Number of Participants With Severe Hypoglycemic Events | Baseline through Week 26 | Severe hypoglycemia is defined as severe cognitive impairment requiring assistance from another person. Number of participants with severe hypoglycemic events will be compared between study groups. |
| Average Fasting Blood Glucose | Week1, Week 12, Week 26 | Mean fasting blood glucose will be compared between study arms. Participants will perform an 8-point, self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) check by testing their blood sugar at 8 different time points. The measurement taken before breakfast is used to assess fasting blood glucose. For people without diabetes, fasting blood glucose is typically between 70-100 mg/dL while fasting blood glucose for those with diabetes is in the range of 70-130 mg/dL. |
| Nocturnal Asymptomatic Hypoglycemic Events | Baseline through Week 26 | Nocturnal asymptomatic hypoglycemia is defined as SMBG \<70 mg/dL or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) \< 54 mg/dL between midnight and 5:59 am. Incidence of nocturnal asymptomatic hypoglycemic events will be compared between study groups. |
| Percentage of Time With Interstitial Glucose <70 mg/dL | Baseline through Week 26 | Percentage of time with a interstitial glucose level below 70 mg/dL as obtained by CGM will be compared between study groups. |
| Percentage of Time With Interstitial Glucose <54 mg/dL | Baseline through Week 26 | Percentage of time with a interstitial glucose level below \<54 mg/dL as obtained by CGM will be compared between study groups. |
| Percentage of Time With Interstitial Glucose Between 70 and 180 mg/dL | Baseline through Week 26 | Percentage of time with interstitial glucose in the range of 70-180 mg/dL as measured by CGM will be compared between study groups. |
| Glycemic Variability | Week1, Week 12, Week 26 | Glycemic variability will be assessed with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). It will be calculated using CGM and Standard Deviation. |
| Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire - Status (DTSQs) Score | Baseline, Week 12 | Treatment satisfaction will be assessed with the DTSQs. The DTSQs contains eight items scored on a seven-point scale where 0 = very dissatisfied and 6 = very satisfied. The satisfaction score is obtained by summing responses to yield a total score between 0 to 48. Higher scores indicate higher satisfaction with diabetes treatment. |
| Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire - Change (DTSQc) Score | Week 26 | Satisfaction with the study treatment will be assessed with items 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 the DTSQc. Items are rated on a scale of -3 (much less satisfied compared to prior treatment) to 3 (much more satisfied compared to prior treatment). Total scores for these three items range from -18 to +18 with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction with the study treatment compared to their prior treatment. |
| Treatment-Related Impact Measures for Diabetes (TRIM-D) Survey Score | Baseline, Week 12, Week 26 | Satisfaction with the study treatment will be assessed with the TRIM-D survey. TRIM-D includes 28 items that are scored on a scale from 1 to 5. Total scores are transformed to a scale of 0 to 100 where higher scores indicate increased satisfaction. |
| Number of Emergency Room (ER) Visits | Baseline through Week 26 | The number of emergency room visits occurring during the treatment period will be compared between study groups. |
| Number of Hospital Readmissions | Baseline through Week 26 | The number of hospital readmissions occurring during the treatment period will be compared between study groups. |
| Total Daily Insulin Dose | Baseline, Week 26 | The total insulin dose measured in units per day will be compared between study groups. |
| Nocturnal Symptomatic Hypoglycemic Events | Baseline through Week 26 | Nocturnal symptomatic hypoglycemia is defined as an event with typical symptoms of hypoglycemia accompanied by SMBG \<70 mg/dL or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) \< 54 mg/dL that occurs between midnight and 5:59 am. Incidence of nocturnal symptomatic hypoglycemic events will be compared between study groups. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| IDegLira Participants in this group will receive IDegLira (with metformin, unless contraindicated) for 26 weeks.
IDegLira: Participants in this study arm will discontinue all other diabetes medications, except for metformin which will be continued at prescribed dose (unless contraindicated). IDegLira will be given once daily, at the same time of the day with or without food for 26 weeks. IDegLira will be titrated until the maximum dose is reached, up to the target fasting blood glucose of 70 to 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). | 72 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin Participants in this group will receive basal-bolus insulin (with metformin, unless contraindicated) for 26 weeks. The basal-bolus insulin regimen includes Insulin Degludec (U-100) and Insulin Aspart.
Insulin Degludec (U-100): Participants in the basal-bolus insulin study arm will discontinue all other diabetes medications, except for metformin which will be continued at the prescribed dose (unless contraindicated). Insulin Degludec (U-100) will be given once daily at the same time for 26 weeks. The dose will be titrated up to the fasting blood glucose target of 70 to 100 mg/dL, with no maximum dose.
Insulin Aspart: Participants in the basal-bolus insulin study arm will discontinue all other diabetes medications, except for metformin which will be continued at the prescribed dose (unless contraindicated). Insulin aspart will be taken before meals with a titration schedule and dose adjustment protocol to target pre-meal blood glucose level of 70 to 100 mg/dL. | 73 |
| Total | 145 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 16 | 15 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | IDegLira | Total | Basal-Bolus Insulin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 54.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.1 | 54.21 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.9 | 53.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.7 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 63 Participants | 124 Participants | 61 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 6 Participants | 11 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 3 Participants | 10 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 72 participants | 145 participants | 73 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 28 Participants | 63 Participants | 35 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 44 Participants | 82 Participants | 38 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 72 | 0 / 73 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 30 / 72 | 13 / 73 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 14 / 72 | 12 / 73 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
HbA1c will be compared between study groups. HbA1c measures the average percentage of blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months and HbA1c can reduce with management of diabetes through diet, exercise, and medication. HbA1c levels below 5.7% are considered normal. Persons with values between 5.7% and 6.4% are considered at high risk of developing diabetes while those with values of 6.5% and above are diagnosed with diabetes. Persons with diabetes aim to get their HbA1c in the range of 7.0 to 7.5% or lower, with below 7.0% being preferable.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 26
Population: Number of patients analyzed include participants that completed the visit and had a valid HbA1c result.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Change in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) | -3.18 percentage of HbA1c | Standard Deviation 2.29 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Change in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) | -3.00 percentage of HbA1c | Standard Deviation 1.79 |
Secondary
Asymptomatic Hypoglycemic Events
Asymptomatic hypoglycemia is defined as no typical symptoms reported by the study participant but detected by SMBG \<70 mg/dL or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) \< 54 mg/dL. Incidence of asymptomatic hypoglycemic events will be compared between study groups.
Time frame: Baseline through Week 26
Population: Data for this outcome was not collected. Participants did not record details about symptoms when providing the blood glucose records.
Secondary
Average Daily Blood Glucose
Mean daily blood glucose will be compared between study arms. Participants will perform an 8-point, self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) check by testing their blood sugar at 8 different time points. Blood glucose levels vary depending on when and what food has been consumed. A blood glucose level taken regardless of timing of meals of greater than 200 mg/dL often indicates diabetes. Blood glucose decreases with improved diabetes management.
Time frame: Week1, Week 12, Week 26
Population: Number of participants analyzed include total patients that completed each study visit and provided data for each study visit.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Average Daily Blood Glucose | Week 12 | 143.80 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 47.72 |
| IDegLira | Average Daily Blood Glucose | Week 26 | 134.59 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 36.35 |
| IDegLira | Average Daily Blood Glucose | Week 1 (Baseline) | 220.81 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 64.43 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Average Daily Blood Glucose | Week 12 | 135.08 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 33.51 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Average Daily Blood Glucose | Week 26 | 144.25 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 40.7 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Average Daily Blood Glucose | Week 1 (Baseline) | 225.18 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 65.74 |
Secondary
Average Fasting Blood Glucose
Mean fasting blood glucose will be compared between study arms. Participants will perform an 8-point, self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) check by testing their blood sugar at 8 different time points. The measurement taken before breakfast is used to assess fasting blood glucose. For people without diabetes, fasting blood glucose is typically between 70-100 mg/dL while fasting blood glucose for those with diabetes is in the range of 70-130 mg/dL.
Time frame: Week1, Week 12, Week 26
Population: Number of participants analyzed include total patients that completed each study visit and provided data for each study visit.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Average Fasting Blood Glucose | Baseline (Week 1) | 202.37 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 63.73 |
| IDegLira | Average Fasting Blood Glucose | Week 12 | 131.94 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 45.59 |
| IDegLira | Average Fasting Blood Glucose | Week 26 | 143.31 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 89.55 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Average Fasting Blood Glucose | Baseline (Week 1) | 206.53 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 58.04 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Average Fasting Blood Glucose | Week 12 | 125.18 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 29.29 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Average Fasting Blood Glucose | Week 26 | 143.14 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 62.81 |
Secondary
Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire - Change (DTSQc) Score
Satisfaction with the study treatment will be assessed with items 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 the DTSQc. Items are rated on a scale of -3 (much less satisfied compared to prior treatment) to 3 (much more satisfied compared to prior treatment). Total scores for these three items range from -18 to +18 with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction with the study treatment compared to their prior treatment.
Time frame: Week 26
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire - Change (DTSQc) Score | 15.55 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.68 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire - Change (DTSQc) Score | 15.77 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.13 |
Secondary
Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire - Status (DTSQs) Score
Treatment satisfaction will be assessed with the DTSQs. The DTSQs contains eight items scored on a seven-point scale where 0 = very dissatisfied and 6 = very satisfied. The satisfaction score is obtained by summing responses to yield a total score between 0 to 48. Higher scores indicate higher satisfaction with diabetes treatment.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 12
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire - Status (DTSQs) Score | Baseline | 26.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.06 |
| IDegLira | Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire - Status (DTSQs) Score | Follow up at 24 weeks | 33.15 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.93 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire - Status (DTSQs) Score | Baseline | 29.07 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.76 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire - Status (DTSQs) Score | Follow up at 24 weeks | 33.94 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.58 |
Secondary
Glycemic Variability
Glycemic variability will be assessed with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). It will be calculated using CGM and Standard Deviation.
Time frame: Week1, Week 12, Week 26
Population: This analyses included participants that had valid CGM data at each study visit.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Glycemic Variability | CGM Week 26 | 43.6 mg/dl | Standard Deviation 14.8 |
| IDegLira | Glycemic Variability | CGM Week 1 | 50.5 mg/dl | Standard Deviation 14.6 |
| IDegLira | Glycemic Variability | CGM Week 12 | 41.8 mg/dl | Standard Deviation 14.8 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Glycemic Variability | CGM Week 26 | 48.4 mg/dl | Standard Deviation 16.2 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Glycemic Variability | CGM Week 1 | 51.6 mg/dl | Standard Deviation 13.4 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Glycemic Variability | CGM Week 12 | 47.1 mg/dl | Standard Deviation 15.4 |
Secondary
Nocturnal Asymptomatic Hypoglycemic Events
Nocturnal asymptomatic hypoglycemia is defined as SMBG \<70 mg/dL or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) \< 54 mg/dL between midnight and 5:59 am. Incidence of nocturnal asymptomatic hypoglycemic events will be compared between study groups.
Time frame: Baseline through Week 26
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Nocturnal Asymptomatic Hypoglycemic Events | 4.81 Number of events | Standard Deviation 7.85 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Nocturnal Asymptomatic Hypoglycemic Events | 3.45 Number of events | Standard Deviation 6.3 |
Secondary
Nocturnal Symptomatic Hypoglycemic Events
Nocturnal symptomatic hypoglycemia is defined as an event with typical symptoms of hypoglycemia accompanied by SMBG \<70 mg/dL or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) \< 54 mg/dL that occurs between midnight and 5:59 am. Incidence of nocturnal symptomatic hypoglycemic events will be compared between study groups.
Time frame: Baseline through Week 26
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Nocturnal Symptomatic Hypoglycemic Events | 0.15 Number of events | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Nocturnal Symptomatic Hypoglycemic Events | 0.16 Number of events | Standard Deviation 0.65 |
Secondary
Number of Emergency Room (ER) Visits
The number of emergency room visits occurring during the treatment period will be compared between study groups.
Time frame: Baseline through Week 26
Population: All participants that were randomized and received at least one dose of study medication and completed at least one follow-up.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Number of Emergency Room (ER) Visits | 14 Number of ER visits |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Number of Emergency Room (ER) Visits | 12 Number of ER visits |
Secondary
Number of Hospital Readmissions
The number of hospital readmissions occurring during the treatment period will be compared between study groups.
Time frame: Baseline through Week 26
Population: All participants who were randomized and received at least one dose of study medication and completed at least one follow-up.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Number of Hospital Readmissions | 0 Number of Hospital readmissions |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Number of Hospital Readmissions | 4 Number of Hospital readmissions |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemic Events
Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia is defined as an event with typical symptoms of hypoglycemia accompanied by SMBG \<70 mg/dL or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) \< 54 mg/dL that occurs at any time of the day. Number of participants with documented hypoglycemic events will be compared between study groups.
Time frame: Baseline through Week 26
Population: CGM hypoglycemia BG \< 54 mg/dL was reported only in participants who did not have any issues with the CGM device.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Number of Participants With Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemic Events | Hypoglycemia < 70 mg/dL | 20 participants |
| IDegLira | Number of Participants With Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemic Events | Hypoglycemia < 54 mg/dL by CGM | 21 participants |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Number of Participants With Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemic Events | Hypoglycemia < 70 mg/dL | 35 participants |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Number of Participants With Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemic Events | Hypoglycemia < 54 mg/dL by CGM | 26 participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Severe Hypoglycemic Events
Severe hypoglycemia is defined as severe cognitive impairment requiring assistance from another person. Number of participants with severe hypoglycemic events will be compared between study groups.
Time frame: Baseline through Week 26
Population: Participants who reported any BG\<54 mg/dL during study participation up to 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Number of Participants With Severe Hypoglycemic Events | 7 participants |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Number of Participants With Severe Hypoglycemic Events | 14 participants |
Secondary
Participants With HbA1c >10% Achieving HbA1c <7.5%
Percent of study participants with baseline HbA1c \>10% reaching A1c \< 7.5% will be compared between study groups. HbA1c measures the average percentage of blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months and HbA1c can reduce with management of diabetes through diet, exercise, and medication. HbA1c levels below 5.7% are considered normal. Persons with values between 5.7% and 6.4% are considered at high risk of developing diabetes while those with values of 6.5% and above are diagnosed with diabetes. Persons with diabetes aim to get their HbA1c in the range of 7.0 to 7.5% or lower, with below 7.0% being preferable.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 26
Population: This outcome includes participants with a baseline HbA1c \>10%.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Participants With HbA1c >10% Achieving HbA1c <7.5% | 56.8 percentage of participants |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Participants With HbA1c >10% Achieving HbA1c <7.5% | 37.5 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Participants With HbA1c >10% Achieving HbA1c <8.0%
Percent of study participants with baseline HbA1c \>10% reaching A1c \< 8.0% will be compared between study groups. HbA1c measures the average percentage of blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months and HbA1c can reduce with management of diabetes through diet, exercise, and medication. HbA1c levels below 5.7% are considered normal. Persons with values between 5.7% and 6.4% are considered at high risk of developing diabetes while those with values of 6.5% and above are diagnosed with diabetes. Persons with diabetes aim to get their HbA1c in the range of 7.0 to 7.5% or lower, with below 7.0% being preferable.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 26
Population: This outcome includes study participants with baseline HbA1c \>10%.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Participants With HbA1c >10% Achieving HbA1c <8.0% | 61.4 percentage of participants |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Participants With HbA1c >10% Achieving HbA1c <8.0% | 45.8 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Participants With HbA1c >11% Achieving HbA1c <7.5%
Percent of study participants with baseline HbA1c \>11% reaching A1c \< 7.5% will be compared between study groups. HbA1c measures the average percentage of blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months and HbA1c can reduce with management of diabetes through diet, exercise, and medication. HbA1c levels below 5.7% are considered normal. Persons with values between 5.7% and 6.4% are considered at high risk of developing diabetes while those with values of 6.5% and above are diagnosed with diabetes. Persons with diabetes aim to get their HbA1c in the range of 7.0 to 7.5% or lower, with below 7.0% being preferable.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 26
Population: This outcome includes study participants with baseline HbA1c \>11%.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Participants With HbA1c >11% Achieving HbA1c <7.5% | 52.0 percentage of participants |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Participants With HbA1c >11% Achieving HbA1c <7.5% | 25.9 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Participants With HbA1c >11% Achieving HbA1c <8.0%
Percent of study participants with baseline HbA1c \>11% reaching A1c \< 8.0% will be compared between study groups. HbA1c measures the average percentage of blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months and HbA1c can reduce with management of diabetes through diet, exercise, and medication. HbA1c levels below 5.7% are considered normal. Persons with values between 5.7% and 6.4% are considered at high risk of developing diabetes while those with values of 6.5% and above are diagnosed with diabetes. Persons with diabetes aim to get their HbA1c in the range of 7.0 to 7.5% or lower, with below 7.0% being preferable.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 26
Population: This outcome includes study participants with baseline HbA1c \>11%.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Participants With HbA1c >11% Achieving HbA1c <8.0% | 60.0 percentage of participants |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Participants With HbA1c >11% Achieving HbA1c <8.0% | 29.6 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and no Hypoglycemia
Percent of study participants experiencing HbA1c \<7.0% and no hypoglycemia will be compared between groups. Persons with diabetes aim to get their HbA1c in the range of 7.0 to 7.5% or lower, with below 7.0% being preferable. Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level of \< 70 mg/dL.
Time frame: Week 26
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and no Hypoglycemia | 19 Participants |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and no Hypoglycemia | 6 Participants |
Secondary
Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and no Hypoglycemia
Percent of study participants reaching A1c \< 7% without hypoglycemia will be compared between groups. Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level of \< 70 mg/dL.
Time frame: Week 12
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and no Hypoglycemia | 21 Participants |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and no Hypoglycemia | 8 Participants |
Secondary
Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and no Weight Gain
Percent of study participants reaching A1c \< 7% without weight gain will be compared between groups.
Time frame: Week 26
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and no Weight Gain | 13 Participants |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and no Weight Gain | 3 Participants |
Secondary
Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and no Weight Gain and no Hypoglycemia
Percent of study participants reaching A1c \< 7% without weight gain and no hypoglycemia will be compared between groups. Weight control is typically important in persons with type 2 diabetes and basal-bolus insulin is associated with weight gain. Persons with diabetes aim to get their HbA1c in the range of 7.0 to 7.5% or lower, with below 7.0% being preferable. Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level of \< 70 mg/dL.
Time frame: Week 26
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and no Weight Gain and no Hypoglycemia | 8 Participants |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Participants With HbA1c <7.0% and no Weight Gain and no Hypoglycemia | 1 Participants |
Secondary
Participants With HbA1c <7.5% and no Weight Gain and no Hypoglycemia
Percent of study participants reaching A1c \< 7.5% without weight gain and no hypoglycemia will be compared between groups. Weight control is typically important in persons with type 2 diabetes and basal-bolus insulin is associated with weight gain. Persons with diabetes aim to get their HbA1c in the range of 7.0 to 7.5% or lower, with below 7.0% being preferable. Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level of \< 70 mg/dL.
Time frame: Week 26
Population: This outcome include participants with a baseline HbA1c \<7.5%.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Participants With HbA1c <7.5% and no Weight Gain and no Hypoglycemia | 19.6 percentage of participants |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Participants With HbA1c <7.5% and no Weight Gain and no Hypoglycemia | 5.2 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Percentage of Time With Interstitial Glucose <54 mg/dL
Percentage of time with a interstitial glucose level below \<54 mg/dL as obtained by CGM will be compared between study groups.
Time frame: Baseline through Week 26
Population: Number of participants analyzed include total patients that completed the study visit and provided CGM data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Percentage of Time With Interstitial Glucose <54 mg/dL | 0.31 % of time | Standard Deviation 1.22 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Percentage of Time With Interstitial Glucose <54 mg/dL | 0.72 % of time | Standard Deviation 2.48 |
Secondary
Percentage of Time With Interstitial Glucose <70 mg/dL
Percentage of time with a interstitial glucose level below 70 mg/dL as obtained by CGM will be compared between study groups.
Time frame: Baseline through Week 26
Population: Number of participants analyzed include total patients that completed the study visit and provided CGM data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Percentage of Time With Interstitial Glucose <70 mg/dL | 2.67 % of time | Standard Deviation 7.08 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Percentage of Time With Interstitial Glucose <70 mg/dL | 1.23 % of time | Standard Deviation 2.82 |
Secondary
Percentage of Time With Interstitial Glucose Between 70 and 180 mg/dL
Percentage of time with interstitial glucose in the range of 70-180 mg/dL as measured by CGM will be compared between study groups.
Time frame: Baseline through Week 26
Population: Number of participants analyzed include total patients that completed the study visit and provided CGM data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Percentage of Time With Interstitial Glucose Between 70 and 180 mg/dL | 38.39 % of time | Standard Deviation 30.69 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Percentage of Time With Interstitial Glucose Between 70 and 180 mg/dL | 31.17 % of time | Standard Deviation 29 |
Secondary
Total Daily Insulin Dose
The total insulin dose measured in units per day will be compared between study groups.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 26
Population: All participants who were randomized and received at least one dose of study medication and completed at least one follow-up.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Total Daily Insulin Dose | 26 weeks | 35.74 units per day | Standard Deviation 17.53 |
| IDegLira | Total Daily Insulin Dose | Baseline | 24.56 units per day | Standard Deviation 7.76 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Total Daily Insulin Dose | Baseline | 46.05 units per day | Standard Deviation 20.79 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Total Daily Insulin Dose | 26 weeks | 75.65 units per day | Standard Deviation 43.43 |
Secondary
Treatment-Related Impact Measures for Diabetes (TRIM-D) Survey Score
Satisfaction with the study treatment will be assessed with the TRIM-D survey. TRIM-D includes 28 items that are scored on a scale from 1 to 5. Total scores are transformed to a scale of 0 to 100 where higher scores indicate increased satisfaction.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 12, Week 26
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IDegLira | Treatment-Related Impact Measures for Diabetes (TRIM-D) Survey Score | Baseline | 14.94 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.29 |
| IDegLira | Treatment-Related Impact Measures for Diabetes (TRIM-D) Survey Score | 3 months follow up | 14.82 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| IDegLira | Treatment-Related Impact Measures for Diabetes (TRIM-D) Survey Score | 6 months follow up | 15.19 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.88 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Treatment-Related Impact Measures for Diabetes (TRIM-D) Survey Score | Baseline | 15.37 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.61 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Treatment-Related Impact Measures for Diabetes (TRIM-D) Survey Score | 3 months follow up | 15.29 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.46 |
| Basal-Bolus Insulin | Treatment-Related Impact Measures for Diabetes (TRIM-D) Survey Score | 6 months follow up | 15.29 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.88 |