Analgesic Effects, Hemodynamic Stability, Systemic Stress Response
Conditions
Keywords
Pectoralis block, Opioids Consumption, off-pump
Brief summary
Opioids used in attenuation of the neuroendocrine stress response in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (OPCAB) it produces predictable satisfactory analgesia and sedation but with side effects such as respiratory depression, drowsiness, and myocardial depression. Regional techniques may be encouraged to be anti-stress procedures and produce risk-free postoperative (OPCAB) period. Pectoralis nerve block (pecs block) appears to possess a great deal of promise for patients undergoing (OPCAB) because of low complication rates as it is less invasive regional analgesic technique when compared to paravertebral, thoracic epidural analgesia and parenteral analgesia.
Detailed description
Aims: Ultrasound Guided Bilateral Pecs block would provide attenuation of the neuroendocrine stress response with hemodynamic profile stability, decreased analgesic consumption and improves patient postoperative outcomes after(OPCAB). Materials and Methods: A prospective, single-blind, controlled study enrolled forty patients between the age groups of 25 and 65 years undergoing (OPCAB) through midline sternotomy under general anesthesia and randomly allocated into two groups with 20 in each group. Group 1 patients did not receive Pecs block (control group), patients were anesthetized to keep the heart rate and blood pressure within 25% of the baseline values. Whereas Group 2 patients received bilateral Pecs block preoperatively. Patients were extubated once they fulfilled extubation criteria. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, Plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) and cortisol, sufentanil consumption were determined at the following points: Basically (T0),immediately before the induction of anesthesia; (T1), immediately after tracheal intubation; (T2),immediately after sternotomy;( T3), 30 minutes after the start of surgery; and (T4), at the end of surgery. Ventilator duration, duration of ICU stay hospital stay were recorded postoperatively.
Interventions
DRUGBilateral Ultrasound Guided Pectoralis Nerve Block.
Using a 20-gauge 5 cm needle. Injection bupivacaine 0.25% used as a local anesthetic. The block was performed in a supine position with the arm slightly abducted. The ultrasound probe was placed at the midclavicular level infero-laterally to locate the axillary artery and vein and then moved laterally toward the axilla until pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and serratus anterior muscles were identified at the level of the fourth rib. The needle was inserted in-plane with respect to the ultrasound probe. A volume of 20 ml of local anesthetic solution was deposited in the fascial plane between pectoralis minor and serratus anterior muscle, followed by withdrawal of the needle to the fascial plane between the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscle, where a volume of 10 ml was deposited. The block was performed similarly on the opposite side. Care was taken not to cross the toxic dose of bupivacaine (3 mg/kg).
Sponsors
Tanta University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
DOUBLE (Caregiver, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
45 Years to 75 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* patients undergoing first-time OPCAB surgery. * patients with good or only slightly reduced left ventricular function (ejection fraction \_40%, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure \_15 mmHg) * patients below 75years of age
Exclusion criteria
* patients requiring CPB either electively or during the course of surgery * patients with renal insufficiency (creatinine \_1.5 mg/dL) or hepatic impairment (alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase \_40 U/mL) * patients who misused alcohol or drugs * patients with hemodynamic instability * symptoms of congestive cardiac failure * preexisting infection at the block site * allergy to local anesthetics * psychiatric illness * patients with prolonged postoperative ventilator course
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in Heart rate. | Basically (T0),immediately before the induction of anesthesia; (T1), immediately after tracheal intubation; (T2),immediately after sternotomy;( T3), 30 minutes after the start of surgery; and (T4), immediately at the end of surgery | Ranges of heart rate will be estimated in beat per minutes. |
| changes in mean arterial blood pressure and cardiac indices. | Basically (T0),immediately before the induction of anesthesia; (T1), immediately after tracheal intubation; (T2),immediately after sternotomy;( T3), 30 minutes after the start of surgery; and (T4),immediately at the end of surgery | Ranges of mean arterial blood pressure estimated in mmHg. |
| changes in cardiac indices. | Basically (T0),immediately before the induction of anesthesia; (T1), immediately after tracheal intubation; (T2),immediately after sternotomy;( T3), 30 minutes after the start of surgery; and (T4),immediately at the end of surgery | Ranges of Cardiac indices will be estimated as follow :CO in (L/min),Cl in (L/min/m2),SVR in (dyn•s/cm5) and PVR in (dyn•s/cm5). |
| changes in Plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) . | Basically (T0),immediately before the induction of anesthesia; (T1), immediately after tracheal intubation; (T2),immediately after sternotomy;( T3), 30 minutes after the start of surgery; and (T4),immediately at the end of surgery | Ranges in Plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) in (pg/mL) and cortiso in l(ng/mL) |
| changes in Plasma levels of cortisol hormone | Basically (T0),immediately before the induction of anesthesia; (T1), immediately after tracheal intubation; (T2),immediately after sternotomy;( T3), 30 minutes after the start of surgery; and (T4), immediately at the end of surgery | Ranges in Plasma levels of cortisol in (ng/mL) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| changes in sufentanil consumption | Basically (T0),immediately before the induction of anesthesia; (T1), immediately after tracheal intubation; (T2),immediately after sternotomy;( T3), 30 minutes after the start of surgery; and (T4),immediately at the end of surgery | Measured by (µg/kg) |
Countries
Egypt
Outcome results
None listed