Pain, Postoperative, Surgical Procedures, Operative
Conditions
Keywords
Postoperative pain, Anxiety, Depression, Adult
Brief summary
Each surgical intervention associated with even a minor tissue injury is a source of pain which needs to be effectively controlled. Although the Polish national guidelines for post-operative pain management have been published, many patients experience moderate and severe pain in the postoperative period. The aim of this study is (1) to assess pain severity among adult patients after different types of surgeries; (2) to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with postoperative pain.
Interventions
OTHERObservational study
Pain assessment, Anxiety assessment, Depression assessment
Sponsors
Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
19 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* adult * elective surgery * the American Society of Anesthesiologists score 1-3
Exclusion criteria
* diagnosed mental illness, alcohol abuse disorders, intellectual disability * traumatic events within the last 6 months (e.g. death, breakdown of a relationship, job loss) * problems with verbal communication
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity scores at rest | first 24 hours after surgery | Pain intensity is assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), where 0 meant no pain and 10 maximum pain. Numeric scores of 1-3, 4-6, and 7-10 corresponded to mild, moderate and severe pain. |
| Pain intensity scores on movement | first 24 hours after surgery | Pain intensity is assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), where 0 meant no pain and 10 maximum pain. Numeric scores of 1-3, 4-6, and 7-10 corresponded to mild, moderate and severe pain. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Anxiety scores | day prior to surgery | Anxiety is evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - HADS. It consists of 7 items grouped in sub-scales: anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D). The answers describe the patient's well-being over the last week and are coded on a scale of 0-3 points. HADS-A: the total score amounts to 0-21 points (0-7 points = norm, 8-10 = borderline, ≥11 points = clinical levels of symptoms). |
| Depression scores | day prior to surgery | Depression is evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - HADS. It consists of 7 items grouped in sub-scales: anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D). The answers describe the patient's well-being over the last week and are coded on a scale of 0-3 points. HADS-D: the total score amounts to 0-21 points (0-7 points = norm, 8-10 = borderline, ≥11 points = clinical levels of symptoms). |
Countries
Poland
Outcome results
None listed