Stress and Burnout
Conditions
Keywords
Mindfulness, Certified Nursing Assistants, Long-Term Care, Staff Turnover, Mindful Self-Compassion
Brief summary
Certified nursing assistants (CNAs), who provide the majority of care to persons with chronic disease and/or cognitive impairment from Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, face tremendous job and home stress, and as a result absenteeism and job turnover are high. This is a preliminary study that will tailor Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) - a promising new program designed to cultivate greater self-care, and strengthen resilience and coping skills - for the CNA population and study its effectiveness. If results are favorable, MSC could be incorporated into CNA training programs, thereby helping contribute to a more effective and stable long-term care workforce.
Detailed description
U.S. nursing homes (NHs) serve 1.6 million older persons, all of whom have significant physical and/or cognitive impairment, and the majority of whom have Alzheimer's disease or a related cognitive disorder. In these settings the vast majority of hands-on care is provided by an estimated 634,000 certified nursing assistants (CNAs) - paraprofessional caregivers who are racially diverse, largely female, and an annual income equivalent to the poverty threshold for a family of four. Despite the crucial role of CNAs in providing care for the long-term care population and efforts to recruit and retain a stable workforce, absenteeism rates are high and annual turnover averages 65%, with adverse impact on the quality of care provided to NH residents, making CNA retention a policy priority. CNAs have significant life stressors that affect their ability to work, such as single parenthood, poor physical health, difficulty finding childcare, and transportation problems. They also face emotionally and physically demanding job tasks, particularly when working with persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, and many lack helpful strategies for dealing with stress, negative feelings, and burden. A newly developed, standardized Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) intervention may have particularly high impact and relevance for the high-stress lives of NH CNAs. MSC training has been shown to increase wellbeing, compassion for others, and stress-coping skills. However, little is known about the impact, feasibility and acceptability of MSC training in low-educated, stress-burdened paraprofessional populations such as CNAs, or whether it can impact outcomes such as burnout, absenteeism, and turnover. This preliminary study will modify, refine, and test a MSC training intervention for CNAs, to be known as the CNA Wellbeing Program, who care for nursing home residents. The researcher teams' goal is to increase CNA coping skills and well-being, thereby reducing intent to leave the job, reducing burnout, and improving job satisfaction and attitudes toward people with dementia. The proposed research will be conducted in 3 similarly rated and structured community NHs. In Aim 1 the investigators will assess intervention feasibility and acceptability in one NH, using the knowledge they gain to tailor an evidence-based MSC program specifically for CNAs. In Aim 2 the investigators will pilot test the MSC training program with 30 CNAs who work in 2 similarly rated and structured NHs, evaluating the fidelity of the revised training and exploring trends in immediate, 3-month, and 6-month outcome measures in order to inform power calculations for future trials. The specific aims are: Aim 1. Determine the feasibility, acceptability, and necessary adaptations of MSC training needed to meet the diverse cultural background, limited literacy, and job and family challenges of the nursing home CNA workforce, including the unique challenges of caring for persons with dementia, and of the data collection methods. 1. Conduct a field trial of the standardized 8-week MSC training program with 15 CNAs within a single community NH. Evaluation will focus on: (a) participation (including home practice adherence); (b) attendee evaluation of the training; (c) barriers to and facilitators of participation; (d) use and retention of class material by participants; and (e) recommendations for improvement of training. 2. Field test the feasibility and acceptability of our study recruitment and evaluation strategy. 3. Use data collected from the field test to modify recruitment strategies, protocols, and course structure, content and materials so as to be maximally feasible, acceptable and effective in a CNA population. Aim 2. Conduct a pilot test of the adapted protocols and intervention in a sample of 30 CNAs from 2 similarly rated and structured community NHs to reexamine feasibility and acceptability, identify trends in key intermediate and long-term outcomes, and estimate effect size in preparation for a future randomized trial. 1. Evaluate the fidelity and immediate impact of the modified training by measuring (a) training attendance; (b) satisfaction with the training; and (c) pre-and post-training measures of self-compassion, perceived stress, job satisfaction, job burnout symptoms, and attitudes towards persons with dementia. 2. Evaluate the sustained impact of the training by comparing baseline, 3-and 6-month post-training measurements of: intent to leave job, self-compassion, perceived stress, job satisfaction, job burnout symptoms, and attitudes towards persons with dementia.
Interventions
BEHAVIORAL8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC)
The 8-week MSC is a course of eight 2.5 hour weekly sessions that is based off self-compassion, a construct closely related to mindfulness. Self-compassion (SC) has three main interrelated components: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. MSC is an 8-session program that integrates SC and mindfulness. It includes the following components: * Discovering Mindful Self-Compassion * Practicing Mindfulness * Practicing Lovingkindness * Discovering your Compassionate Voice * Living Deeply * Meeting Difficult Emotions * Exploring Challenging Relationships * Embracing Your Life
BEHAVIORAL6-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC)
The 6-week MSC is a course of six 1 hour weekly sessions that is based off self-compassion, a construct closely related to mindfulness. Self-compassion (SC) has three main interrelated components: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. MSC is an 6-session program that integrates SC and mindfulness. It includes the following components: * What is Self-Compassion * Practicing Self-Compassion * Discovering your Compassionate Voice * Self-Compassion and Resilience * Self-Compassion and Burnout * Going Forward This program is a shortened version of the 8-week program, specifically created for the needs of health care staff.
Sponsors
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
In Aim 1, the 8-week MSC program was conducted with nursing assistants from 1 nursing home to test for feasibility and practicality. After receiving feedback from participants of Aim 1, in Aim 2, the MSC program will be conducted in 2 nursing homes. Both nursing homes in Aim 2 will receive a shortened 6-week, 1 hour version specific to health care staff, in order to test the feasibility and practicality.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Certified Nursing Assistant employed by one of 3 study Nursing Homes * Aged 18 and over * Speak English * Work at least 20 hours as a CNA at one of our proposed Nursing Homes * Expect to attend at least 75% of the intervention classes * Expect to stay at least the course of the intervention on the job * Score in the top 50% on the PSS-10 (Perceived Stress Scale) (if more than 20 participants interested)
Exclusion criteria
* Younger than 18 * Working fewer than 20 hours a week * Unable to attend at least 75% of the intervention classes * Expect to leave their position during the intervention
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months | The researchers will assess intent to leave job by asking How likely is it that you will leave this job in the next year? Would you say... 1 is Not at All Likely, 2 is Somewhat Likely, 3 is Very Likely. Minimum = 1 (best value), maximum = 3 (worst value). For the primary outcome analysis, intent will be evaluated by totaling the count of participants who responded Somewhat Likely, Very likely, or Not at all likely. This was collected over the course of four time frames: Baseline, End-of Intervention interview, 3-Month Follow Up Interview, and 6-Month Follow Up Interview. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Approach to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) - Recognition of Personhood Subscale | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months | Approach to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) - Recognition of Personhood Subscale is an 11-item instrument. Responses are indicated using a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score (worst value) = 1. Maximum score (best value) = 5. Higher values represent a better outcome (range 11-55). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months | Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) 10-item version. Perceived stress is defined as the degree to which individuals find their lives unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloading. Responses are indicated using a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score (best value)=0. Maximum score (worst value)=4. Higher values represent a worse outcome (range 0 - 40). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on PROMIS Depression Scale | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months | PROMIS Emotional Distress Depression - Short Form (PROMIS) is an 8-item instrument. Responses are indicated using a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score (best value) = 1/Never. Maximum score (worst value) = 5/Always. Lower values represent a better outcome (range 8-40). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Depersonalization Subscale | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months | Burnout will be assessed via a modified Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Depersonalization Subscale (one of three subscales within the MBI), a 5-item scale. Items are measured on a 7-point Likert scale that asks how often respondents are feeling certain feelings. Minimum score (best value, never) = 0. Maximum score (worst value, every day) = 6. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score; range of the mean score is 0 to 6, with lower values representing better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Emotional Exhaustion Subscale | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months | Burnout will be assessed via a modified Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Emotional Exhaustion Subscale (one of three subscales within the MBI), a 8-item scale. Items are measured on a 7-point Likert scale that asks how often respondents are feeling certain feelings. Minimum score (best value, never) = 0. Maximum score (worst value, every day) = 6. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score; range of the mean score is 0 to 6, with lower values representing better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Personal Accomplishment Subscale | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months | Burnout will be assessed via a modified Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Personal Accomplishment Subscale (one of three subscales within the MBI), a 7-item scale. Items are measured on a 7-point Likert scale that asks how often respondents are feeling certain feelings. Minimum score (worst value, never) = 0. Maximum score (best value, every day) = 6. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score; range of the mean score is 0 to 6, with higher values representing better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF), a 12-item scale that includes the three components of self-compassion: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. This is done using a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (worst value). Maximum score = 5 (best value). Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0), with higher values indicating better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-kindness Subscale | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Self-kindness Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (worst value). Maximum score = 5 (best value), higher scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-judgment Subscale | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Self-judgment Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (best value). Maximum score = 5 (worst value), with lower scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months | Job satisfaction will be assessed using the 3-item Job Satisfaction scale (JSS). Responses are provided using a 7-point Likert scale measuring how satisfied respondents are with their job. Minimum score = 0 (worst value). Maximum score = 6 (best value). Range of scores from 0 to 18, with higher values indicating better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Isolation Subscale | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Isolation Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (best value). Maximum score = 5 (worst value), with lower scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Mindfulness Subscale | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Mindfulness Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (worst value). Maximum score = 5 (best value), with higher scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Over-identification Subscale | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Over-identification Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (best value). Maximum score = 5 (worst value), with lower scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. |
| Percent of Classes Attended by Participating CNAs | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6-8 weeks | This will be reported as percent of classes attended by CNAs. |
| Percent of Participants Attending All Intervention Sessions | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6-8 weeks | This will be reported by percent of participants who attended every assigned intervention session (6 or 8 depending on intervention arm). |
| Percent Intervention Minutes Attended by Participants | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6-8 weeks | This will be collected by recording the number of minutes each participant spent per class in order to account for intervention missed due to participants' leaving early or coming late, and reporting percent of minutes attended by participants. |
| Mean Number of Days Per Week Spent in Out-of-Class Informal Exercise | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6/8 weeks | Based on participant completion of weekly surveys, the researchers will measure the number of days each week that class participants were able to practice learned informal techniques and exercises outside of class hours. |
| Mean Number of Days Per Week Spent in Out-of-Class Formal Exercise | Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6/8 weeks | Based on participant completion of weekly surveys, the researchers will measure the number of days each week that class participants were able to practice learned formal techniques and exercises outside of class hours. |
| Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | At the conclusion of the week 6/8 class, during the End-of-Intervention Interview, participants were asked their satisfaction with the course | The researchers assess satisfaction of the MSC training using an 8-item, 5-point Likert Scale (0 = Strongly Disagree, 1 = Disagree, 2 = Neither Agree nor Disagree, 3 = Agree, 4 = Strongly Agree). Minimum = 0 (worst value), maximum = 4 (best value). Measure was assessed during the End-of-Intervention Interview. |
| Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Common Humanity Subscale | Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months | The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Common humanity Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (worst value). Maximum score = 5 (best value), with higher scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Participants from all three nursing homes were recruited between March of 2019 and October of 2019. Participants from Nursing Home 1 were recruited in March/April 2019 and participants from Nursing Homes 2 & 3 were recruited in September/October of 2019. Recruitment took place on-site at each nursing home, during staff meetings and shift changes.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) CNAs in Aim 1 participated in the standardized, 8-week Mindful Self-Compassion course. Each 8-week session lasted for 2.5 hours. | 11 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) CNAs from both nursing homes in Aim 2 participated in the 6-week Mindful Self-Compassion course, that was shortened and customized to fit the needs of health care staff. | 21 |
| Total | 32 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 0 | 4 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 2 | 7 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Total | 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 50.40 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.01 | 49.50 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.38 | 47.70 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.42 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 17 Participants | 23 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 3 Participants | 8 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 18 Participants | 27 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 19 Participants | 30 Participants | 11 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 11 | 0 / 21 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 11 | 1 / 21 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 11 | 1 / 21 |
Outcome results
Primary
Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time
The researchers will assess intent to leave job by asking How likely is it that you will leave this job in the next year? Would you say... 1 is Not at All Likely, 2 is Somewhat Likely, 3 is Very Likely. Minimum = 1 (best value), maximum = 3 (worst value). For the primary outcome analysis, intent will be evaluated by totaling the count of participants who responded Somewhat Likely, Very likely, or Not at all likely. This was collected over the course of four time frames: Baseline, End-of Intervention interview, 3-Month Follow Up Interview, and 6-Month Follow Up Interview.
Time frame: Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | Baseline | Not at All Likely to Leave Job | 9 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | Baseline | Somewhat Likely to Leave Job | 1 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | Baseline | Very Likely to Leave Job | 1 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | End-of-Intervention Interview | Not at All Likely to Leave Job | 6 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | End-of-Intervention Interview | Somewhat Likely to Leave Job | 2 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | End-of-Intervention Interview | Very Likely to Leave Job | 2 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | Not at All Likely to Leave Job | 6 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | Somewhat Likely to Leave Job | 2 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | Very Likely to Leave Job | 1 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | Not at All Likely to Leave Job | 6 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | Somewhat Likely to Leave Job | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | Very Likely to Leave Job | 1 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | Somewhat Likely to Leave Job | 5 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | Baseline | Not at All Likely to Leave Job | 13 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | Not at All Likely to Leave Job | 8 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | Baseline | Somewhat Likely to Leave Job | 5 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | Not at All Likely to Leave Job | 6 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | Baseline | Very Likely to Leave Job | 3 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | Somewhat Likely to Leave Job | 7 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | End-of-Intervention Interview | Not at All Likely to Leave Job | 9 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | Very Likely to Leave Job | 5 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | End-of-Intervention Interview | Somewhat Likely to Leave Job | 8 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | Very Likely to Leave Job | 3 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Likelihood to Leave Job in the Coming Year Over Time | End-of-Intervention Interview | Very Likely to Leave Job | 3 Participants |
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.18McNemar
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.34McNemar
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.13McNemar
Secondary
Change in Mean Score Over Time on Approach to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) - Recognition of Personhood Subscale
Approach to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) - Recognition of Personhood Subscale is an 11-item instrument. Responses are indicated using a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score (worst value) = 1. Maximum score (best value) = 5. Higher values represent a better outcome (range 11-55). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview.
Time frame: Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Approach to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) - Recognition of Personhood Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 38.70 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.66 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Approach to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) - Recognition of Personhood Subscale | Baseline | 38.00 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.95 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Approach to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) - Recognition of Personhood Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 40.30 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.83 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Approach to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) - Recognition of Personhood Subscale | End-of-Intervention Interview | 39.00 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.25 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Approach to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) - Recognition of Personhood Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 38.13 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.86 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Approach to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) - Recognition of Personhood Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 37.21 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.37 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Approach to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) - Recognition of Personhood Subscale | End-of-Intervention Interview | 38.30 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.26 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Approach to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) - Recognition of Personhood Subscale | Baseline | 36.86 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.73 |
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.015Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.34Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.002Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Change in Mean Score Over Time on Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS)
Job satisfaction will be assessed using the 3-item Job Satisfaction scale (JSS). Responses are provided using a 7-point Likert scale measuring how satisfied respondents are with their job. Minimum score = 0 (worst value). Maximum score = 6 (best value). Range of scores from 0 to 18, with higher values indicating better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview.
Time frame: Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) | Baseline | 15.00 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.02 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) | End-of-Intervention Interview | 15.80 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.55 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 16.20 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.7 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 14.00 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.71 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 15.69 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.44 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) | Baseline | 14.71 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.08 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 14.95 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.87 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) | End-of-Intervention Interview | 14.40 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.14 |
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.7Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.66Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.84Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Depersonalization Subscale
Burnout will be assessed via a modified Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Depersonalization Subscale (one of three subscales within the MBI), a 5-item scale. Items are measured on a 7-point Likert scale that asks how often respondents are feeling certain feelings. Minimum score (best value, never) = 0. Maximum score (worst value, every day) = 6. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score; range of the mean score is 0 to 6, with lower values representing better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview.
Time frame: Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Depersonalization Subscale | Baseline | 0.42 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.56 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Depersonalization Subscale | End-of-Intervention Interview | 0.28 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.33 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Depersonalization Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 0.54 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.65 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Depersonalization Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 0.30 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.25 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Depersonalization Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 0.61 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.58 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Depersonalization Subscale | Baseline | 0.85 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.88 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Depersonalization Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 0.72 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Depersonalization Subscale | End-of-Intervention Interview | 0.59 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.57 |
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.023Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.56Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.16Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Emotional Exhaustion Subscale
Burnout will be assessed via a modified Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Emotional Exhaustion Subscale (one of three subscales within the MBI), a 8-item scale. Items are measured on a 7-point Likert scale that asks how often respondents are feeling certain feelings. Minimum score (best value, never) = 0. Maximum score (worst value, every day) = 6. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score; range of the mean score is 0 to 6, with lower values representing better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview.
Time frame: Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Emotional Exhaustion Subscale | Baseline | 1.69 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.13 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Emotional Exhaustion Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 0.90 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.77 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Emotional Exhaustion Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 0.93 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.79 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Emotional Exhaustion Subscale | End-of-Intervention Interview | 1.08 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.98 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Emotional Exhaustion Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 1.58 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.39 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Emotional Exhaustion Subscale | End-of-Intervention Interview | 1.84 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.19 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Emotional Exhaustion Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 1.91 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.42 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Emotional Exhaustion Subscale | Baseline | 2.05 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.35 |
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.15Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.12Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.018Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Personal Accomplishment Subscale
Burnout will be assessed via a modified Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Personal Accomplishment Subscale (one of three subscales within the MBI), a 7-item scale. Items are measured on a 7-point Likert scale that asks how often respondents are feeling certain feelings. Minimum score (worst value, never) = 0. Maximum score (best value, every day) = 6. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score; range of the mean score is 0 to 6, with higher values representing better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview.
Time frame: Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Personal Accomplishment Subscale | Baseline | 4.97 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.58 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Personal Accomplishment Subscale | End-of-Intervention Interview | 5.07 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.86 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Personal Accomplishment Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 4.99 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.02 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Personal Accomplishment Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 5.14 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.92 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Personal Accomplishment Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 4.31 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.25 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Personal Accomplishment Subscale | Baseline | 4.59 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.22 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Personal Accomplishment Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 4.35 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.12 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) - Personal Accomplishment Subscale | End-of-Intervention Interview | 4.74 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.95 |
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.33Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.88Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.67Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Change in Mean Score Over Time on Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) 10-item version. Perceived stress is defined as the degree to which individuals find their lives unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloading. Responses are indicated using a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score (best value)=0. Maximum score (worst value)=4. Higher values represent a worse outcome (range 0 - 40). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview.
Time frame: Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | Baseline | 11.64 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.99 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | End-of-Intervention Interview | 7.90 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.38 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 9.10 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.67 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 8.10 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.61 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 12.19 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.09 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | Baseline | 14.19 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.33 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 11.53 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.07 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | End-of-Intervention Interview | 12.05 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.64 |
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.022Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.02Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.09Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Change in Mean Score Over Time on PROMIS Depression Scale
PROMIS Emotional Distress Depression - Short Form (PROMIS) is an 8-item instrument. Responses are indicated using a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score (best value) = 1/Never. Maximum score (worst value) = 5/Always. Lower values represent a better outcome (range 8-40). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview.
Time frame: Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on PROMIS Depression Scale | Baseline | 10.27 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.8 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on PROMIS Depression Scale | End-of-Intervention Interview | 11.70 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.27 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on PROMIS Depression Scale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 11.30 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.47 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on PROMIS Depression Scale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 11.80 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.21 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on PROMIS Depression Scale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 12.31 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.28 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on PROMIS Depression Scale | Baseline | 14.29 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.17 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on PROMIS Depression Scale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 11.79 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.84 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on PROMIS Depression Scale | End-of-Intervention Interview | 11.00 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.51 |
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.051Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.044Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 1Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF)
The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF), a 12-item scale that includes the three components of self-compassion: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. This is done using a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (worst value). Maximum score = 5 (best value). Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0), with higher values indicating better outcomes. Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview.
Time frame: Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) | Baseline | 3.72 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.52 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) | End-of-Intervention Interview | 3.64 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.61 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 3.71 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.5 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 3.68 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.34 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 3.85 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.66 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) | Baseline | 2.73 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.38 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 3.88 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.62 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) | End-of-Intervention Interview | 3.77 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.58 |
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: <0.001Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: <0.001Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: <0.001Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Common Humanity Subscale
The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Common humanity Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (worst value). Maximum score = 5 (best value), with higher scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview.
Time frame: Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Common Humanity Subscale | End-of-Intervention | 3.83 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.76 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Common Humanity Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 3.03 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.67 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Common Humanity Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 3.37 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.21 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Common Humanity Subscale | Baseline | 3.48 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.85 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Common Humanity Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 3.68 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.86 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Common Humanity Subscale | End-of-Intervention | 3.67 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.84 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Common Humanity Subscale | Baseline | 2.56 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.99 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Common Humanity Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 3.63 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.13 |
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.001Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.01Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.085Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Isolation Subscale
The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Isolation Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (best value). Maximum score = 5 (worst value), with lower scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview.
Time frame: Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Isolation Subscale | Baseline | 2.55 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.95 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Isolation Subscale | End-of-Intervention | 2.37 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.94 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Isolation Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 2.20 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.77 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Isolation Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 2.23 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.88 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Isolation Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 1.85 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Isolation Subscale | Baseline | 3.41 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.55 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Isolation Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 1.91 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.83 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Isolation Subscale | End-of-Intervention | 2.18 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.88 |
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: <0.001Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: <0.001Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: <0.001Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Mindfulness Subscale
The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Mindfulness Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (worst value). Maximum score = 5 (best value), with higher scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview.
Time frame: Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Mindfulness Subscale | Baseline | 4.24 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.72 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Mindfulness Subscale | End-of-Intervention Interview | 3.83 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.77 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Mindfulness Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 3.53 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.82 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Mindfulness Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 3.80 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.96 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Mindfulness Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 3.77 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.79 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Mindfulness Subscale | Baseline | 2.68 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.06 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Mindfulness Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 3.84 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.83 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Mindfulness Subscale | End-of-Intervention Interview | 3.77 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.77 |
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.046Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.14Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.058Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Over-identification Subscale
The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Over-identification Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (best value). Maximum score = 5 (worst value), with lower scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview.
Time frame: Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Over-identification Subscale | Baseline | 2.45 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Over-identification Subscale | End-of-Intervention Interview | 2.53 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.98 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Over-identification Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 2.07 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.6 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Over-identification Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 2.27 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.44 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Over-identification Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 2.23 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.97 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Over-identification Subscale | Baseline | 3.32 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.45 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Over-identification Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 2.25 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.86 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Over-identification Subscale | End-of-Intervention Interview | 2.15 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.83 |
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: <0.001Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: <0.001Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: <0.001Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-judgment Subscale
The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Self-judgment Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (best value). Maximum score = 5 (worst value), with lower scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview.
Time frame: Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-judgment Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 2.13 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.5 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-judgment Subscale | End-of-Intervention Interview | 2.43 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.31 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-judgment Subscale | Baseline | 2.39 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.96 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-judgment Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 2.20 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-judgment Subscale | Baseline | 3.33 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.99 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-judgment Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 2.08 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.82 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-judgment Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 1.95 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.86 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-judgment Subscale | End-of-Intervention Interview | 2.25 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.89 |
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.013Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.001Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.003Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-kindness Subscale
The researchers will collect pre-post measures using the Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) - Self-kindness Subscale (one of six subscales within the SCS-SF), a 3-item scale. Items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Minimum score = 1 (worst value). Maximum score = 5 (best value), higher scores indicating better outcomes. Analysis reports mean score rather than total score (total range is 0.0 to 5.0). Measure was assessed at Baseline, at an End-of-Intervention Interview, a 3-month Follow Up Interview and at a 6-month Follow Up Interview.
Time frame: Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention and 6 additional months after the intervention ends, an expected average of 8 months
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who began the intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-kindness Subscale | Baseline | 4.00 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-kindness Subscale | End-of-Intervention Interview | 3.50 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.96 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-kindness Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 3.80 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.12 |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-kindness Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 3.87 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.69 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-kindness Subscale | 6-Month Follow Up Interview | 3.90 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-kindness Subscale | Baseline | 3.22 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.61 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-kindness Subscale | 3-Month Follow Up Interview | 3.84 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.61 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Change in Mean Score Over Time on Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) - Self-kindness Subscale | End-of-Intervention Interview | 3.75 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.73 |
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.17Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.02Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Comparison: As the study design is quasi-experimental, there is no comparison group - both arms were analyzed jointly for each pre- and post- time interval.p-value: 0.062Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Mean Number of Days Per Week Spent in Out-of-Class Formal Exercise
Based on participant completion of weekly surveys, the researchers will measure the number of days each week that class participants were able to practice learned formal techniques and exercises outside of class hours.
Time frame: Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6/8 weeks
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who completed the 6/8-week intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Mean Number of Days Per Week Spent in Out-of-Class Formal Exercise | 2.12 days a week | Standard Deviation 1.56 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Mean Number of Days Per Week Spent in Out-of-Class Formal Exercise | 2.60 days a week | Standard Deviation 2.47 |
Secondary
Mean Number of Days Per Week Spent in Out-of-Class Informal Exercise
Based on participant completion of weekly surveys, the researchers will measure the number of days each week that class participants were able to practice learned informal techniques and exercises outside of class hours.
Time frame: Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6/8 weeks
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who completed the 6/8-week intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Mean Number of Days Per Week Spent in Out-of-Class Informal Exercise | 2.58 days a week | Standard Deviation 1.25 |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Mean Number of Days Per Week Spent in Out-of-Class Informal Exercise | 2.60 days a week | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
Secondary
Percent Intervention Minutes Attended by Participants
This will be collected by recording the number of minutes each participant spent per class in order to account for intervention missed due to participants' leaving early or coming late, and reporting percent of minutes attended by participants.
Time frame: Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6-8 weeks
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who completed the 6/8-week intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Percent Intervention Minutes Attended by Participants | 95.35 percentage of intervention minutes |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Percent Intervention Minutes Attended by Participants | 98.17 percentage of intervention minutes |
Secondary
Percent of Classes Attended by Participating CNAs
This will be reported as percent of classes attended by CNAs.
Time frame: Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6-8 weeks
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who completed the 6/8-week intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Percent of Classes Attended by Participating CNAs | 93.75 percentage of classes attended by CNAs |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Percent of Classes Attended by Participating CNAs | 95.67 percentage of classes attended by CNAs |
Secondary
Percent of Participants Attending All Intervention Sessions
This will be reported by percent of participants who attended every assigned intervention session (6 or 8 depending on intervention arm).
Time frame: Participants will be followed for the duration of the intervention, an expected average of 6-8 weeks
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who completed the 6/8-week intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Percent of Participants Attending All Intervention Sessions | 50.00 percentage of participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Percent of Participants Attending All Intervention Sessions | 75.00 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course
The researchers assess satisfaction of the MSC training using an 8-item, 5-point Likert Scale (0 = Strongly Disagree, 1 = Disagree, 2 = Neither Agree nor Disagree, 3 = Agree, 4 = Strongly Agree). Minimum = 0 (worst value), maximum = 4 (best value). Measure was assessed during the End-of-Intervention Interview.
Time frame: At the conclusion of the week 6/8 class, during the End-of-Intervention Interview, participants were asked their satisfaction with the course
Population: Analysis population is composed of participants who completed the 6/8-week intervention. All collected data are reported. Some data are missing due to study attrition or nonresponse.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Having a class session once a week was just the right amount of sessions per week. | Strongly Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I was satisfied with the course. | Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I was satisfied with the course. | Neither Agree nor Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I was satisfied with the course. | Agree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I was satisfied with the course. | Strongly Agree | 10 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | The length for each class session was just the right amount of time. | Strongly Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | The length for each class session was just the right amount of time. | Disagree | 1 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | The length for each class session was just the right amount of time. | Neither Agree nor Disagree | 1 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | The length for each class session was just the right amount of time. | Agree | 4 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | The length for each class session was just the right amount of time. | Strongly Agree | 4 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I was satisfied with the course. | Strongly Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Having a class session once a week was just the right amount of sessions per week. | Disagree | 1 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Having a class session once a week was just the right amount of sessions per week. | Neither Agree nor Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Having a class session once a week was just the right amount of sessions per week. | Agree | 5 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Having a class session once a week was just the right amount of sessions per week. | Strongly Agree | 4 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I intend to use the skills I learned in this course. | Strongly Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I intend to use the skills I learned in this course. | Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I intend to use the skills I learned in this course. | Neither Agree nor Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I intend to use the skills I learned in this course. | Agree | 2 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I intend to use the skills I learned in this course. | Strongly Agree | 8 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my work life. | Strongly Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my work life. | Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my work life. | Neither Agree nor Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my work life. | Agree | 1 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my work life. | Strongly Agree | 9 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my personal life. | Strongly Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my personal life. | Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my personal life. | Neither Agree nor Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my personal life. | Agree | 2 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my personal life. | Strongly Agree | 8 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I would suggest this course to a friend. | Strongly Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I would suggest this course to a friend. | Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I would suggest this course to a friend. | Neither Agree nor Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I would suggest this course to a friend. | Agree | 2 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I would suggest this course to a friend. | Strongly Agree | 8 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I find this course to be useful in my daily life. | Strongly Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I find this course to be useful in my daily life. | Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I find this course to be useful in my daily life. | Neither Agree nor Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I find this course to be useful in my daily life. | Agree | 1 Participants |
| 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I find this course to be useful in my daily life. | Strongly Agree | 9 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I find this course to be useful in my daily life. | Neither Agree nor Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I was satisfied with the course. | Strongly Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my work life. | Strongly Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I was satisfied with the course. | Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I would suggest this course to a friend. | Strongly Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I was satisfied with the course. | Neither Agree nor Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my work life. | Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I was satisfied with the course. | Agree | 1 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I find this course to be useful in my daily life. | Strongly Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I was satisfied with the course. | Strongly Agree | 19 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my work life. | Neither Agree nor Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | The length for each class session was just the right amount of time. | Strongly Disagree | 1 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I would suggest this course to a friend. | Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | The length for each class session was just the right amount of time. | Disagree | 1 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my work life. | Agree | 7 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | The length for each class session was just the right amount of time. | Neither Agree nor Disagree | 2 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I find this course to be useful in my daily life. | Strongly Agree | 17 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | The length for each class session was just the right amount of time. | Agree | 12 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my work life. | Strongly Agree | 13 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | The length for each class session was just the right amount of time. | Strongly Agree | 4 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I would suggest this course to a friend. | Neither Agree nor Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Having a class session once a week was just the right amount of sessions per week. | Strongly Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my personal life. | Strongly Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Having a class session once a week was just the right amount of sessions per week. | Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I find this course to be useful in my daily life. | Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Having a class session once a week was just the right amount of sessions per week. | Neither Agree nor Disagree | 2 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my personal life. | Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Having a class session once a week was just the right amount of sessions per week. | Agree | 5 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I would suggest this course to a friend. | Agree | 1 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Having a class session once a week was just the right amount of sessions per week. | Strongly Agree | 13 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my personal life. | Neither Agree nor Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I intend to use the skills I learned in this course. | Strongly Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I find this course to be useful in my daily life. | Agree | 3 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I intend to use the skills I learned in this course. | Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my personal life. | Agree | 8 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I intend to use the skills I learned in this course. | Neither Agree nor Disagree | 0 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I would suggest this course to a friend. | Strongly Agree | 19 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I intend to use the skills I learned in this course. | Agree | 1 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | Taking this course has made a difference in my personal life. | Strongly Agree | 12 Participants |
| 6-Week Mindful Self Compassion (MSC) | Study Participant's Self-Rating of Satisfaction With the MSC Course | I intend to use the skills I learned in this course. | Strongly Agree | 19 Participants |