Daily Self-weighing and Holiday-associated Weight Gain in Adults

Conditions

Obesity

Keywords

Holiday weight gain, Daily self-weighing, Weight maintenance, Caloric titration method, Obesity, Overweight, Holiday season

Brief summary

Background: Previous studies report 0.4-1.5kg of weight gain during the holiday season, which may contribute to annual weight gain. Purpose: To test whether daily self-weighing (DSW) can prevent holiday weight gain. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that daily self-weighing would effectively prevent weight and fat gain, and that individuals with overweight and obesity would respond most favorably to DSW.

Detailed description

A single-blinded randomized control trial: Adults (age 18-75y, BMI ≥ 18.5kg/m2) were randomized to either a control or daily self-weighing (DSW) group. There were 3 testing visits: pre-holiday (v1: within 7d before Thanksgiving), post-holiday (v2: within 7d after New Year's Day), and a follow-up (v3: 14 weeks after v2). The DSW group were given Wi-Fi scales that provide graphical feedback of daily weight. They were instructed to perform DSW during the holidays and to try not to gain weight above baseline weights. Anthropometrics were measured at each visit.

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Interventions

DEVICEDaily self-weighing (DSW)

DSW was conducted using digital WiFi scales during the holiday season. Participants received electronic graphic feedback of their weight fluctuations immediately after weight measurement.

Study design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Intervention model

PARALLEL

Primary purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

SINGLE (Subject)

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

ALL

Age

18 Years to 75 Years

Healthy volunteers

Yes

Inclusion criteria

* BMI of at least 18.5 kg/m2 * Recognizing or celebrating at least two holidays between November and January * Access to WiFi

Exclusion criteria

* Current eating disorder, history of an eating disorder * Involvement in a current weight loss and/or exercise program * Pregnancy or nursing * Any medications or chronic diseases affecting metabolism or body weight

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Change in Body Weight (kg) From Pre- to Post-holiday and 14-week Follow-up Post-holiday	Measured at 3 testing visits: Visit 1 (pre-holiday visit) occurred within 7 days before Thanksgiving, visit 2 (post-holiday visit) occurred within 7 days after New Year's Day, and visit 3 (follow-up visit) occurred 14 weeks after visit 2.	Mechanical Beam Scale (Model 402KL, Health o Meter professional scales, McCook, IL, USA); Capacity: 390 lbs / 180 kg; Readability: 1/4 lb / 100 g.

Secondary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Body Fat (%)	Measured at 3 testing visits: Visit 1 (pre-holiday visit) occurred within 7 days before Thanksgiving, visit 2 (post-holiday visit) occurred within 7 days after New Year's Day, and visit 3 (follow-up visit) occurred 14 weeks after visit 2.	Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Waist Circumference (cm)	Measured at 3 testing visits: Visit 1 (pre-holiday visit) occurred within 7 days before Thanksgiving, visit 2 (post-holiday visit) occurred within 7 days after New Year's Day, and visit 3 (follow-up visit) occurred 14 weeks after visit 2.	Measuring tape
Hip Circumference (cm)	Measured at 3 testing visits: Visit 1 (pre-holiday visit) occurred within 7 days before Thanksgiving, visit 2 (post-holiday visit) occurred within 7 days after New Year's Day, and visit 3 (follow-up visit) occurred 14 weeks after visit 2.	Measuring tape
Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m^2)	Measured at 3 testing visits: Visit 1 (pre-holiday visit) occurred within 7 days before Thanksgiving, visit 2 (post-holiday visit) occurred within 7 days after New Year's Day, and visit 3 (follow-up visit) occurred 14 weeks after visit 2.	weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m\^2
Concentration of Blood High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) (mg/dL)	Measured at 3 testing visits: Visit 1 (pre-holiday visit) occurred within 7 days before Thanksgiving, visit 2 (post-holiday visit) occurred within 7 days after New Year's Day, and visit 3 (follow-up visit) occurred 14 weeks after visit 2.	Fasting blood draw
Concentration of Blood Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) (mg/dL)	Measured at 3 testing visits: Visit 1 (pre-holiday visit) occurred within 7 days before Thanksgiving, visit 2 (post-holiday visit) occurred within 7 days after New Year's Day, and visit 3 (follow-up visit) occurred 14 weeks after visit 2.	Fasting blood draw
Concentration of Blood Total Cholesterol (TC) (mg/dL)	Measured at 3 testing visits: Visit 1 (pre-holiday visit) occurred within 7 days before Thanksgiving, visit 2 (post-holiday visit) occurred within 7 days after New Year's Day, and visit 3 (follow-up visit) occurred 14 weeks after visit 2.	Fasting blood draw
Concentration of Blood Triglyceride (mg/dL)	Measured at 3 testing visits: Visit 1 (pre-holiday visit) occurred within 7 days before Thanksgiving, visit 2 (post-holiday visit) occurred within 7 days after New Year's Day, and visit 3 (follow-up visit) occurred 14 weeks after visit 2.	Fasting blood draw

Countries

United States

Participant flow

Participants by arm

Arm	Count
Control Participants in this group received no intervention during t he holiday season	55
Daily Self-Weighing (DSW) Participants in this group performed daily self-weighing using digital WiFi scales during the holiday season Daily self-weighing (DSW): DSW was conducted using digital WiFi scales during the holiday season. Participants received electronic graphic feedback of their weight fluctuations immediately after weight measurement.	56
Total	111

Withdrawals & dropouts

Period	Reason	FG000	FG001
Overall Study	Pregnancy	0	1
Overall Study	Relocation	2	4

Baseline characteristics

Characteristic	Daily Self-Weighing (DSW)	Control	Total
Age, Continuous	30.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.1	28.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.6	29.4 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.4
Body Mass Index (BMI)	23.6 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.9	23.9 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.5	23.8 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.2
Diastolic Blood Pressure	73.3 mmHg STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.3	75.6 mmHg STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.2	74.5 mmHg STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.8
HDL-Cholesterol	50.9 mg/dL STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.6	53.8 mg/dL STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.7	52.4 mg/dL STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.2
Height	167.5 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.4	166.9 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.5	167.2 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 9
Hip Circumference	101.4 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.7	102.0 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.6	101.7 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.2
LDL-Cholesterol	96.4 mg/dL STANDARD_DEVIATION 24.6	102.7 mg/dL STANDARD_DEVIATION 47.2	99.6 mg/dL STANDARD_DEVIATION 35.9
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected	—	—	0 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States	56 Participants	55 Participants	111 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	41 Participants	41 Participants	82 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	15 Participants	14 Participants	29 Participants
Systolic Blood Pressure	114.2 mmHg STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.4	115.2 mmHg STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.5	114.7 mmHg STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.5
Total Body Fat Percentage	26.4 percentage of body fat STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.7	25.9 percentage of body fat STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.3	26.2 percentage of body fat STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.5
Total Cholesterol	165.3 mg/dL STANDARD_DEVIATION 32	172.4 mg/dL STANDARD_DEVIATION 46.9	168.9 mg/dL STANDARD_DEVIATION 39.5
Triglyceride	95.0 mg/dL STANDARD_DEVIATION 51.5	79.8 mg/dL STANDARD_DEVIATION 32	87.4 mg/dL STANDARD_DEVIATION 41.8
Waist Circumference	79.3 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.4	81.6 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.2	80.5 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.3
Weight	66.6 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.9	67.0 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.1	66.8 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.5

Adverse events

Event type	EG000 affected / at risk	EG001 affected / at risk
deaths Total, all-cause mortality	0 / 0	0 / 0
other Total, other adverse events	0 / 0	0 / 0
serious Total, serious adverse events	0 / 0	0 / 0

Outcome results

Primary

Change in Body Weight (kg) From Pre- to Post-holiday and 14-week Follow-up Post-holiday

Mechanical Beam Scale (Model 402KL, Health o Meter professional scales, McCook, IL, USA); Capacity: 390 lbs / 180 kg; Readability: 1/4 lb / 100 g.