HIV Prevention
Conditions
Keywords
HIV testing and counseling (HTC)
Brief summary
This is Phase II of a study previously registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02812329). Phase II focuses on adapting and expanding the reach of a previously developed video game aimed at HIV prevention. The game will be adapted to include web access/distribution and be evaluated using a randomized controlled trial.
Detailed description
The specific aims for Phase II of this study are to: Further adapt and expand our culturally and socially-tailored videogame to have a greater focus on HIV testing and counseling (HTC) in addition to HIV prevention in an older age group of 14-18 year old boys and girls. This will be accomplished by refining the conceptual model of the theoretical mechanisms of behavior change to be applied specifically within the game. New content will be created with additional input from 4 focus groups of 5 adolescents each (n = 20, aged 14-18) and these participants will also play-test the game. In addition, this model will inform new intervention manuals (Game Playbooks) targeting these new outcomes. Building the new content from focus groups into the game are intended to adapt and expand its scope. A system will be established for the newly adapted game for web access/distribution and program integration. Work will continue with commercialization partners on widespread distribution of the adapted game. The final piece of the study will be to conduct a randomized controlled trial in 296 adolescents (aged 14-18) to evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of the adapted game on its new web-based platform compared with a set of control games.
Interventions
OTHERPlayTest!
Participants in the PlayTest! intervention arm played the game on their assigned iPads once per week for an hour over the course of 4-5 weeks.
OTHERControl games
Participants in the control arm played the games on their assigned iPads once per week for an hour over the course of 4-5 weeks.
Sponsors
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
Yale University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
14 Years to 18 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Ability to participate in a web-based videogame (willing to sit for 60 minutes/session to play the game) * Have not been tested for HIV in the past year * Ability to provide assent/parental/guardian consent+ * Have a completed and signed enrollment form for their school's health clinic allowing them, if they choose, to access the clinic for testing and health care * Students can be older than 18 as long as they were 18 or younger at the time of signing consent
Exclusion criteria
* Failure to meet any of the eligibility criteria
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Attitudes Around HIV Testing and Counseling | Baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months and 6 months | HTC attitudes were assessed with 7 items (e.g., I feel it is important for me to get tested for HIV). The items were scored on a 5-point scale ranging from - 2 (strongly disagree) to +2 (strongly agree) with positive values indicating healthier attitudes towards HTC. Participants had the option to respond not sure which was given a neutral score of 0. A mean of the seven items was calculated for each participant. A few items were reverse coded, because the lower value was indicating healthier attitudes. Not sure was coded as a neutral option. Higher scores equal more positive attitudes toward HIV testing and counseling. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 1 | Month 1 | The number of participants tested for HIV was measured by tracking data reported by school-based health center staff. The school-based health center staff recorded (by study Id number) if participant came in for testing in the last month and the date of the test. |
| Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 2 | Month 2 | The number of participants tested for HIV was measured by tracking data reported by school-based health center staff. The school-based health center staff recorded (by study Id number) if participant came in for testing in the last month and the date of the test. |
| Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 3 | Month 3 | The number of participants tested for HIV was measured by tracking data reported by school-based health center staff. The school-based health center staff recorded (by study Id number) if participant came in for testing in the last month and the date of the test. |
| Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 4 | month 4 | The number of participants tested for HIV was measured by tracking data reported by school-based health center staff. The school-based health center staff recorded (by study Id number) if participant came in for testing in the last month and the date of the test. |
| Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 5 | Month 5 | The number of participants tested for HIV was measured by tracking data reported by school-based health center staff. The school-based health center staff recorded (by study Id number) if participant came in for testing in the last month and the date of the test. |
| Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 6 | Month 6 | The number of participants tested for HIV was measured by tracking data reported by school-based health center staff. The school-based health center staff recorded (by study Id number) if participant came in for testing in the last month and the date of the test. |
| Intentions to Get Tested for HIV | Baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months and 6 months | Intentions were assessed with 7 items (e.g., I intend to get tested for HIV at some point in the next 3 months and I intend to use a school-based health center to get tested for HIV. The items were scored on a 5-point scale ranging from - 2 (strongly disagree) to +2 (strongly agree) with positive values indicating healthier intentions. Participants had the option to respond not sure which was given a neutral score of 0. Higher scores equal greater intentions to get tested for HIV. The total range for scores was -14 to 14. |
| Self-efficacy Around HIV Testing and Counseling | Baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months | Self-efficacy for HTC was assessed with 4 items, rated on a confidence scale (e.g., How confident are you that you could find information about how and where you can get STI and/or HIV testing?). The total range was from 0-100. A higher score indicates a higher level of self-efficacy around HTC. A mean of the 4 items was calculated for each participant with higher scores indicating higher self-efficacy for HTC. |
| Self-efficacy Around Overall Health | Baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months | Self-efficacy for managing overall health was assessed with 4 items, rated on a 100% confidence scale (e.g., How confident are you that you could discuss your health concerns with a health provider?). The total range was from 0-100%.A mean of the 4 items was calculated for each participant with higher scores indicating higher self-efficacy for managing overall health. |
| HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | Baseline, 4 Weeks, 3 Months, 6 Months | At each time point the participants indicated whether they had ever been tested for HIV with the response options: yes, no, not sure, and decline to answer. |
| Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Baseline | Perceived Barriers was measured with a one question instrument that asks participants what reasons would most likely keep them from getting tested if they thought they had HIV (examples of options were I don't know where to go, It costs too much). The instrument allowed participants to select all reasons that apply. |
| Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Baseline | Perceived Barriers was measured with a one question instrument that asks participants what reasons would most likely keep them from getting tested if they thought they had an STI (examples of options were I don't know where to go, It costs too much). The instrument allowed participants to select all reasons that apply. |
| Knowledge About HTC | Baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months | Participants' knowledge about HTC was measured with 12 questions (e.g., If you are tested for HIV, you have to wait a long time to find out the results and The earlier HIV is caught, the better chance a person has of effectively managing the virus). Participants responded true, false, or not sure. Responses were recoded into 1 (correct) or 0 (incorrect; responses of not sure were coded as incorrect) and a sum of all 12 items was calculated to provide a HTC knowledge score for each participant (Total range was from 0 to 12.) Higher values represent higher knowledge around HTC. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game PlayTest! is an interactive world in which the player, using an avatar they have created, travels through life in high school. They face challenges that bring different risks and benefits, requiring them to practice decision-making skills. The player learns skills that aim to empower them to make safe choices in situations that may otherwise increase their risk for HIV/STI infection. The game also provides opportunities for the player to practice advocating for their health by modeling a conversation with a medical professional. PlayTest! incorporates evidence-based tools for behavior change including social learning theory and self-efficacy. message framing, motivational interviewing to identify the variables that must be targeted to increase HTC among adolescents.
Participants who were randomized to the intervention arm of the project, played the PlayTest! game on their assigned iPad, once per week for an hour, over the course of 4-5 weeks. | 145 |
| Control Games Participants who were randomized to the control arm were provided a menu of attention control games to choose from on their iPads that had no content related to HTC or HIV. Some examples of control games that participants could play are: The Sims, Harry Potter, Subway Surfer, Tetris. Participants played the choice of control games on their assigned iPad, once per week for and hour, over the course of 4-5 weeks. | 142 |
| Total | 287 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Withdrawn by staff for incomplete consent forms | 5 | 4 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Control Games | Total | PlayTest! Game |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 15.45 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.25 | 15.42 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.24 | 15.39 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.24 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized American Indian or Native American | 4 Participants | 8 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Asian or Pacific Islander | 5 Participants | 13 Participants | 8 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Black or African American | 58 Participants | 115 Participants | 57 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Multi-racial | 17 Participants | 32 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Other | 23 Participants | 50 Participants | 27 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized White | 35 Participants | 69 Participants | 34 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 142 participants | 287 participants | 145 participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Gender Female | 69 Participants | 137 Participants | 68 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Gender Male | 68 Participants | 141 Participants | 73 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Gender Self-Described | 5 Participants | 9 Participants | 4 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 145 | 0 / 142 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 145 | 0 / 142 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 145 | 0 / 142 |
Outcome results
Primary
Attitudes Around HIV Testing and Counseling
HTC attitudes were assessed with 7 items (e.g., I feel it is important for me to get tested for HIV). The items were scored on a 5-point scale ranging from - 2 (strongly disagree) to +2 (strongly agree) with positive values indicating healthier attitudes towards HTC. Participants had the option to respond not sure which was given a neutral score of 0. A mean of the seven items was calculated for each participant. A few items were reverse coded, because the lower value was indicating healthier attitudes. Not sure was coded as a neutral option. Higher scores equal more positive attitudes toward HIV testing and counseling.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months and 6 months
Population: Only participants that completed the study were analyzed in the study
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Attitudes Around HIV Testing and Counseling | Baseline | 0.33 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.65 |
| PlayTest! Game | Attitudes Around HIV Testing and Counseling | 4 Weeks | 0.74 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.66 |
| PlayTest! Game | Attitudes Around HIV Testing and Counseling | 3 Months | 0.67 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.64 |
| PlayTest! Game | Attitudes Around HIV Testing and Counseling | 6 Months | 0.65 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.66 |
| Control Games | Attitudes Around HIV Testing and Counseling | 6 Months | 0.27 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.62 |
| Control Games | Attitudes Around HIV Testing and Counseling | Baseline | 0.33 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.7 |
| Control Games | Attitudes Around HIV Testing and Counseling | 3 Months | 0.24 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.63 |
| Control Games | Attitudes Around HIV Testing and Counseling | 4 Weeks | 0.26 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.59 |
Secondary
HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report)
At each time point the participants indicated whether they had ever been tested for HIV with the response options: yes, no, not sure, and decline to answer.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 Weeks, 3 Months, 6 Months
Population: The number of overall analyzed at the different timepoints after baseline differ from the baseline numbers due to the fact that some participants missed the assessment time point window and did not complete the assessment; therefore those data points are missing.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | Baseline | Yes | 12 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | Baseline | No | 108 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | Baseline | Decline to Answer | 5 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | Baseline | Not sure | 20 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 4 Weeks | Yes | 12 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 4 Weeks | No | 106 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 4 Weeks | Decline to Answer | 5 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 4 Weeks | Not sure | 20 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 3 Months | Yes | 10 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 3 Months | No | 103 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 3 Months | Decline to Answer | 5 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 3 Months | Not sure | 19 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 6 Months | Yes | 11 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 6 Months | No | 104 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 6 Months | Decline to Answer | 5 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 6 Months | Not sure | 19 Participants |
| Control Games | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 6 Months | Not sure | 16 Participants |
| Control Games | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | Baseline | Yes | 9 Participants |
| Control Games | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 3 Months | Yes | 7 Participants |
| Control Games | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | Baseline | No | 113 Participants |
| Control Games | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 6 Months | Yes | 7 Participants |
| Control Games | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | Baseline | Decline to Answer | 3 Participants |
| Control Games | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 3 Months | No | 101 Participants |
| Control Games | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | Baseline | Not sure | 17 Participants |
| Control Games | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 6 Months | Decline to Answer | 3 Participants |
| Control Games | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 4 Weeks | Yes | 8 Participants |
| Control Games | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 3 Months | Decline to Answer | 3 Participants |
| Control Games | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 4 Weeks | No | 107 Participants |
| Control Games | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 6 Months | No | 103 Participants |
| Control Games | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 4 Weeks | Decline to Answer | 3 Participants |
| Control Games | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 3 Months | Not sure | 17 Participants |
| Control Games | HIV Testing and Counseling Behavior (Self-Report) | 4 Weeks | Not sure | 17 Participants |
Secondary
Intentions to Get Tested for HIV
Intentions were assessed with 7 items (e.g., I intend to get tested for HIV at some point in the next 3 months and I intend to use a school-based health center to get tested for HIV. The items were scored on a 5-point scale ranging from - 2 (strongly disagree) to +2 (strongly agree) with positive values indicating healthier intentions. Participants had the option to respond not sure which was given a neutral score of 0. Higher scores equal greater intentions to get tested for HIV. The total range for scores was -14 to 14.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months and 6 months
Population: Only participants that completed the study were analyzed in the study
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Intentions to Get Tested for HIV | Baseline | 0.14 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.83 |
| PlayTest! Game | Intentions to Get Tested for HIV | 4 Weeks | 0.57 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.87 |
| PlayTest! Game | Intentions to Get Tested for HIV | 3 Months | 0.55 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.81 |
| PlayTest! Game | Intentions to Get Tested for HIV | 6 Months | 0.55 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.93 |
| Control Games | Intentions to Get Tested for HIV | 6 Months | 0.11 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.88 |
| Control Games | Intentions to Get Tested for HIV | Baseline | 0.06 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.82 |
| Control Games | Intentions to Get Tested for HIV | 3 Months | 0.07 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.85 |
| Control Games | Intentions to Get Tested for HIV | 4 Weeks | 0.05 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.85 |
Secondary
Knowledge About HTC
Participants' knowledge about HTC was measured with 12 questions (e.g., If you are tested for HIV, you have to wait a long time to find out the results and The earlier HIV is caught, the better chance a person has of effectively managing the virus). Participants responded true, false, or not sure. Responses were recoded into 1 (correct) or 0 (incorrect; responses of not sure were coded as incorrect) and a sum of all 12 items was calculated to provide a HTC knowledge score for each participant (Total range was from 0 to 12.) Higher values represent higher knowledge around HTC.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Knowledge About HTC | Baseline | 8.18 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.68 |
| PlayTest! Game | Knowledge About HTC | 4 Weeks | 10.01 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.09 |
| PlayTest! Game | Knowledge About HTC | 3 Months | 9.91 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.06 |
| PlayTest! Game | Knowledge About HTC | 6 Months | 9.93 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.25 |
| Control Games | Knowledge About HTC | 6 Months | 8.26 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.54 |
| Control Games | Knowledge About HTC | Baseline | 7.74 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.11 |
| Control Games | Knowledge About HTC | 3 Months | 7.92 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.61 |
| Control Games | Knowledge About HTC | 4 Weeks | 8.15 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.32 |
Secondary
Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 1
The number of participants tested for HIV was measured by tracking data reported by school-based health center staff. The school-based health center staff recorded (by study Id number) if participant came in for testing in the last month and the date of the test.
Time frame: Month 1
Population: Only participants that completed the study were analyzed in the study
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 1 | 1 Participants |
| Control Games | Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 1 | 0 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 2
The number of participants tested for HIV was measured by tracking data reported by school-based health center staff. The school-based health center staff recorded (by study Id number) if participant came in for testing in the last month and the date of the test.
Time frame: Month 2
Population: Only participants that completed the study were analyzed in the study
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 2 | 1 Participants |
| Control Games | Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 2 | 0 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 3
The number of participants tested for HIV was measured by tracking data reported by school-based health center staff. The school-based health center staff recorded (by study Id number) if participant came in for testing in the last month and the date of the test.
Time frame: Month 3
Population: Only participants that completed the study were analyzed in the study
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 3 | 0 Participants |
| Control Games | Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 3 | 0 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 4
The number of participants tested for HIV was measured by tracking data reported by school-based health center staff. The school-based health center staff recorded (by study Id number) if participant came in for testing in the last month and the date of the test.
Time frame: month 4
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 4 | 0 Participants |
| Control Games | Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 4 | 0 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 5
The number of participants tested for HIV was measured by tracking data reported by school-based health center staff. The school-based health center staff recorded (by study Id number) if participant came in for testing in the last month and the date of the test.
Time frame: Month 5
Population: Only participants that completed the study were analyzed in the study
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 5 | 0 Participants |
| Control Games | Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 5 | 0 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 6
The number of participants tested for HIV was measured by tracking data reported by school-based health center staff. The school-based health center staff recorded (by study Id number) if participant came in for testing in the last month and the date of the test.
Time frame: Month 6
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 6 | 1 Participants |
| Control Games | Number of Students Tested for HIV at Month 6 | 0 Participants |
Secondary
Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing
Perceived Barriers was measured with a one question instrument that asks participants what reasons would most likely keep them from getting tested if they thought they had HIV (examples of options were I don't know where to go, It costs too much). The instrument allowed participants to select all reasons that apply.
Time frame: 6 months
Population: Only participants that completed the study were analyzed in the study
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Parents would find out | 74 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Embarrasment | 81 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Boyfriend/girlfriend might find out | 26 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | No time to get tested | 31 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Parents' permission (afraid to ask) | 40 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Don't want to know if I have HIV | 20 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Outpatient clinic too far away | 12 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Friends might find out | 20 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Test pain/uncomfortable | 22 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Too much trouble | 11 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | I don't know where to go | 28 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Little I can do if I have HIV | 21 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Someone might recognize me | 55 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Other | 5 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Costs too much | 19 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Other | 6 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Embarrasment | 69 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | I don't know where to go | 47 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Outpatient clinic too far away | 20 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Costs too much | 42 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | No time to get tested | 25 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Test pain/uncomfortable | 43 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Someone might recognize me | 59 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Parents would find out | 69 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Boyfriend/girlfriend might find out | 33 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Don't want to know if I have HIV | 19 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Friends might find out | 19 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Too much trouble | 11 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Little I can do if I have HIV | 25 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Parents' permission (afraid to ask) | 45 Participants |
Secondary
Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing
Perceived Barriers was measured with a one question instrument that asks participants what reasons would most likely keep them from getting tested if they thought they had HIV (examples of options were I don't know where to go, It costs too much). The instrument allowed participants to select all reasons that apply.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Only participants that completed the study were analyzed in the study
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Little I can do if I have HIV | 31 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Other | 10 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | I don't know where to go | 57 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Outpatient clinic too far away | 15 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Costs too much | 39 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | No time to get tested | 15 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Test pain/uncomfortable | 57 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Embarrasment | 88 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Someone might recognize me | 60 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Parents would find out | 92 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Boyfriend/girlfriend might find out | 35 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Parents' permission (afraid to ask) | 52 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Don't want to know if I have HIV | 30 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Friends might find out | 30 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Too much trouble | 11 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Little I can do if I have HIV | 29 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Someone might recognize me | 63 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Other | 10 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Don't want to know if I have HIV | 26 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | I don't know where to go | 67 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Parents would find out | 89 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Outpatient clinic too far away | 13 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Too much trouble | 16 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Costs too much | 39 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Boyfriend/girlfriend might find out | 39 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | No time to get tested | 22 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Friends might find out | 26 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Test pain/uncomfortable | 54 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Parents' permission (afraid to ask) | 48 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Embarrasment | 82 Participants |
Secondary
Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing
Perceived Barriers was measured with a one question instrument that asks participants what reasons would most likely keep them from getting tested if they thought they had HIV (examples of options were I don't know where to go, It costs too much). The instrument allowed participants to select all reasons that apply.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Only participants that completed the study were analyzed in the study
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Too much trouble | 11 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | I don't know where to go | 27 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Outpatient clinic too far away | 12 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Costs too much | 22 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | No time to get tested | 18 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Test pain/uncomfortable | 13 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Embarrasment | 77 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Someone might recognize me | 51 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Parents would find out | 65 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Boyfriend/girlfriend might find out | 23 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Parents' permission (afraid to ask) | 31 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Don't want to know if I have HIV | 18 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Friends might find out | 18 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Little I can do if I have HIV | 23 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Other | 6 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Little I can do if I have HIV | 15 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Parents would find out | 71 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | I don't know where to go | 50 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Friends might find out | 20 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Outpatient clinic too far away | 14 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Boyfriend/girlfriend might find out | 29 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Costs too much | 43 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Too much trouble | 14 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | No time to get tested | 29 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Parents' permission (afraid to ask) | 44 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Test pain/uncomfortable | 45 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Other | 8 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Embarrasment | 74 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Don't want to know if I have HIV | 20 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Someone might recognize me | 62 Participants |
Secondary
Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing
Perceived Barriers was measured with a one question instrument that asks participants what reasons would most likely keep them from getting tested if they thought they had HIV (examples of options were I don't know where to go, It costs too much). The instrument allowed participants to select all reasons that apply.
Time frame: 4 weeks
Population: Only participants that completed the study were analyzed in the study
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | No time to get tested | 21 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Parents would find out | 67 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | I don't know where to go | 23 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Parents' permission (afraid to ask) | 35 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Test pain/uncomfortable | 16 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Don't want to know if I have HIV | 21 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Costs too much | 17 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Friends might find out | 21 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Embarrasment | 81 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Too much trouble | 7 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Outpatient clinic too far away | 9 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Little I can do if I have HIV | 18 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Someone might recognize me | 52 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Other | 7 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Boyfriend/girlfriend might find out | 24 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Other | 4 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Boyfriend/girlfriend might find out | 29 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | I don't know where to go | 53 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Outpatient clinic too far away | 16 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Costs too much | 41 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | No time to get tested | 24 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Test pain/uncomfortable | 47 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Embarrasment | 82 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Someone might recognize me | 58 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Parents would find out | 79 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Parents' permission (afraid to ask) | 46 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Don't want to know if I have HIV | 20 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Friends might find out | 20 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Too much trouble | 13 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to HIV Testing | Little I can do if I have HIV | 21 Participants |
Secondary
Perceived Barriers to STI Testing
Perceived Barriers was measured with a one question instrument that asks participants what reasons would most likely keep them from getting tested if they thought they had an STI (examples of options were I don't know where to go, It costs too much). The instrument allowed participants to select all reasons that apply.
Time frame: 6 months
Population: Only participants that completed the study were analyzed in the study
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | No time to get tested | 36 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Boyfriend/girlfriend might find out | 23 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | I don't know where to go | 28 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Parents' permission (afraid to ask) | 46 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Test pain/uncomfortable | 19 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Don't want to know if have STI | 19 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Costs too much | 23 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Friends might find out | 36 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Embarrasment | 75 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Too much trouble | 11 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Someone might recognize me | 58 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Little I can do if I have a STI | 21 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Outpatient clinic too far away | 17 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Other | 5 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Parents would find out | 76 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Other | 6 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | I don't know where to go | 48 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Outpatient clinic too far away | 20 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Costs too much | 46 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | No time to get tested | 30 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Test pain/uncomfortable | 41 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Someone might recognize me | 59 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Parents would find out | 72 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Boyfriend/girlfriend might find out | 31 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Parents' permission (afraid to ask) | 48 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Don't want to know if have STI | 17 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Friends might find out | 37 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Too much trouble | 16 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Little I can do if I have a STI | 19 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Embarrasment | 72 Participants |
Secondary
Perceived Barriers to STI Testing
Perceived Barriers was measured with a one question instrument that asks participants what reasons would most likely keep them from getting tested if they thought they had an STI (examples of options were I don't know where to go, It costs too much). The instrument allowed participants to select all reasons that apply.
Time frame: 4 weeks
Population: Only participants that completed the study were analyzed in the study
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Test pain/uncomfortable | 18 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Boyfriend/girlfriend might find out | 26 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Outpatient clinic too far away | 11 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Parents' permission (afraid to ask) | 41 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Embarrasment | 78 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Don't want to know if have STI | 23 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | No time to get tested | 25 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Friends might find out | 38 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Someone might recognize me | 52 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Too much trouble | 13 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Costs too much | 21 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Little I can do if I have a STI | 13 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Parents would find out | 71 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Other | 8 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | I don't know where to go | 26 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Other | 4 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | I don't know where to go | 53 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Outpatient clinic too far away | 13 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Costs too much | 42 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | No time to get tested | 21 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Test pain/uncomfortable | 46 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Embarrasment | 81 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Someone might recognize me | 58 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Parents would find out | 75 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Boyfriend/girlfriend might find out | 32 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Parents' permission (afraid to ask) | 53 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Don't want to know if have STI | 20 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Friends might find out | 47 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Too much trouble | 12 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Little I can do if I have a STI | 22 Participants |
Secondary
Perceived Barriers to STI Testing
Perceived Barriers was measured with a one question instrument that asks participants what reasons would most likely keep them from getting tested if they thought they had an STI (examples of options were I don't know where to go, It costs too much). The instrument allowed participants to select all reasons that apply.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Only participants that completed the study were analyzed in the study
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Test pain/uncomfortable | 13 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Boyfriend/girlfriend might find out | 20 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Outpatient clinic too far away | 11 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Parents' permission (afraid to ask) | 33 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Embarrasment | 71 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Don't want to know if have STI | 14 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | No time to get tested | 28 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Friends might find out | 35 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Someone might recognize me | 50 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Too much trouble | 11 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Costs too much | 19 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Little I can do if I have a STI | 20 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Parents would find out | 63 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Other | 4 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | I don't know where to go | 30 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Other | 8 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | I don't know where to go | 40 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Outpatient clinic too far away | 14 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Costs too much | 42 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | No time to get tested | 29 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Test pain/uncomfortable | 38 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Embarrasment | 74 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Someone might recognize me | 60 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Parents would find out | 72 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Boyfriend/girlfriend might find out | 26 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Parents' permission (afraid to ask) | 49 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Don't want to know if have STI | 23 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Friends might find out | 40 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Too much trouble | 15 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Little I can do if I have a STI | 17 Participants |
Secondary
Perceived Barriers to STI Testing
Perceived Barriers was measured with a one question instrument that asks participants what reasons would most likely keep them from getting tested if they thought they had an STI (examples of options were I don't know where to go, It costs too much). The instrument allowed participants to select all reasons that apply.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Only participants that completed the study were analyzed in the study
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Costs too much | 42 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Boyfriend/girlfriend might find out | 31 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Test pain/uncomfortable | 50 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Parents' permission (afraid to ask) | 65 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Outpatient clinic too far away | 13 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Don't want to know if have STI | 33 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Embarrasment | 85 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Friends might find out | 58 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | I don't know where to go | 58 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Too much trouble | 12 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Someone might recognize me | 56 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Little I can do if I have a STI | 31 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | No time to get tested | 12 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Other | 11 Participants |
| PlayTest! Game | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Parents would find out | 87 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Other | 11 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | I don't know where to go | 62 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Costs too much | 46 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | No time to get tested | 22 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Test pain/uncomfortable | 51 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Embarrasment | 90 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Someone might recognize me | 63 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Parents would find out | 92 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Boyfriend/girlfriend might find out | 34 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Parents' permission (afraid to ask) | 60 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Don't want to know if have STI | 26 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Friends might find out | 46 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Too much trouble | 18 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Little I can do if I have a STI | 26 Participants |
| Control Games | Perceived Barriers to STI Testing | Outpatient clinic too far away | 17 Participants |
Secondary
Self-efficacy Around HIV Testing and Counseling
Self-efficacy for HTC was assessed with 4 items, rated on a confidence scale (e.g., How confident are you that you could find information about how and where you can get STI and/or HIV testing?). The total range was from 0-100. A higher score indicates a higher level of self-efficacy around HTC. A mean of the 4 items was calculated for each participant with higher scores indicating higher self-efficacy for HTC.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months
Population: Only participants that completed the study were analyzed in the study
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Self-efficacy Around HIV Testing and Counseling | Baseline | 60.49 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.87 |
| PlayTest! Game | Self-efficacy Around HIV Testing and Counseling | 4 Weeks | 70.91 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.8 |
| PlayTest! Game | Self-efficacy Around HIV Testing and Counseling | 3 Months | 69.84 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.46 |
| PlayTest! Game | Self-efficacy Around HIV Testing and Counseling | 6 Months | 69.93 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 26.54 |
| Control Games | Self-efficacy Around HIV Testing and Counseling | 6 Months | 58.93 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 29.34 |
| Control Games | Self-efficacy Around HIV Testing and Counseling | Baseline | 57.80 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.38 |
| Control Games | Self-efficacy Around HIV Testing and Counseling | 3 Months | 58.11 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 27.95 |
| Control Games | Self-efficacy Around HIV Testing and Counseling | 4 Weeks | 59.24 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.87 |
Secondary
Self-efficacy Around Overall Health
Self-efficacy for managing overall health was assessed with 4 items, rated on a 100% confidence scale (e.g., How confident are you that you could discuss your health concerns with a health provider?). The total range was from 0-100%.A mean of the 4 items was calculated for each participant with higher scores indicating higher self-efficacy for managing overall health.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months
Population: Only participants that completed the study were analyzed in the study
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PlayTest! Game | Self-efficacy Around Overall Health | Baseline | 76.84 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 22.47 |
| PlayTest! Game | Self-efficacy Around Overall Health | 3 Months | 75.53 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.29 |
| PlayTest! Game | Self-efficacy Around Overall Health | 4 Weeks | 78.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.12 |
| PlayTest! Game | Self-efficacy Around Overall Health | 6 Months | 76.53 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.45 |
| Control Games | Self-efficacy Around Overall Health | 6 Months | 69.36 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 29.77 |
| Control Games | Self-efficacy Around Overall Health | Baseline | 73.33 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.59 |
| Control Games | Self-efficacy Around Overall Health | 4 Weeks | 71.09 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 26.45 |
| Control Games | Self-efficacy Around Overall Health | 3 Months | 68.31 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 29.21 |