Healthy
Conditions
Brief summary
This study evaluates the acute effect of yoga on plasma levels of endocannabinoids and mood (i.e., mood disturbance, anxiety, pain) compared to one session of quiet rest. Participants completed one session of yoga and one session of quiet rest on two separate days.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALYoga
1 session
BEHAVIORALQuiet Rest
1 session
Sponsors
University of Wisconsin, Madison
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
The proposed study is an acute, single group, crossover pilot study where participants will complete control and experimental conditions.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* greater than or equal to 18 years old and \< 45 years old and * report being healthy.
Exclusion criteria
* Being pregnant or planning to become pregnant, * currently smoking, * having a history of light headedness or fainting during blood draws or physical activity, * having a history of chest pain during physical activity, * having a bone, joint, cardiac, or other medical condition that a doctor has said may be worsened by physical activity, * taking medications for any chronic diseases such as high blood pressure or diabetes, * responding 'Yes' to any of the seven questions on the Par-Q.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Plasma Concentration of N-arachidonoylethanolamine | This will be measured 2 times during each study visit, once before the assigned study task (i.e., baseline) and once upon task completion (i.e., approx. 40 min. later) | Plasma concentration of anandamide, one effector of the endocannabinoid system |
| Change in Plasma Concentration of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) | This will be measured 2 times during each study visit, once before the assigned study task (i.e., baseline) and once upon task completion (i.e., approx. 40 min. later) | Plasma concentration of 2-AG, one effector of the endocannabinoid system |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Total Mood Disturbance as Measured by the Profile of Mood States | This will be measured 2 times during each study visit, once before the assigned study task (i.e., baseline) and once upon task completion (i.e., approx. 40 min. later) | 65-item self-reported mood questionnaire that measures mood right now. Scores range from 0-200 with higher scores indicating higher mood disturbance. |
| Change in State Anxiety as Measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory | This will be measured 2 times during each study visit, once before the assigned study task (i.e., baseline) and once upon task completion (i.e., approx. 40 min. later) | 20-item self-reported anxiety questionnaire that measures anxiety right now. Scores range from 20-80 with higher scores indicating higher anxiety. |
| Change in Total Pain as Measured by the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire | This will be measured 2 times during each study visit, once before the assigned study task (i.e., baseline) and once upon task completion (i.e., approx. 40 min. later) | 15-item self-reported pain questionnaire that measures pain right now. Scores range from 0-45 with higher scores indicating higher pain. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Volunteers were recruited from students, faculty, and staff at the University of Wisconsin - Madison to participate in this study.
Pre-assignment details
Volunteer eligibility was determined through a preliminary phone screen, participants were randomly assigned to receive the experimental task (Yoga) or the control task (quiet rest) first. Participants will then cross over 2-5 days after their first task to act as their own controls.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Yoga, the Quiet Rest 40 minutes of Vinyasa yoga Yoga: 1 session
2-5 days between sessions
40 minutes of Quiet Rest Quiet Rest: 1 session | 8 |
| Quiet Rest, Then Yoga 40 minutes of quiet rest Quiet Rest: 1 session
2-5 days between sessions
40 minutes of Yoga Yoga: 1 session | 4 |
| Total | 12 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Yoga, the Quiet Rest | Total | Quiet Rest, Then Yoga |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 25.75 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.92 | 24.83 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.92 | 23 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.16 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 5 Participants | 9 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race American Indian or Native American | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race Asian or Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 3 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race Black or African American | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race Hispanic or Latino | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race Unknown or not reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race White | 5 Participants | 6 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 8 participants | 12 participants | 4 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 8 Participants | 12 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 12 | 0 / 12 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 12 | 0 / 12 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 12 | 0 / 12 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change in Plasma Concentration of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)
Plasma concentration of 2-AG, one effector of the endocannabinoid system
Time frame: This will be measured 2 times during each study visit, once before the assigned study task (i.e., baseline) and once upon task completion (i.e., approx. 40 min. later)
Population: All participants for whom plasma samples were taken at baseline and post exercise
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yoga | Change in Plasma Concentration of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) | .032 pmol/mL | Standard Deviation 0.074 |
| Quiet Rest | Change in Plasma Concentration of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) | -.008 pmol/mL | Standard Deviation 0.049 |
Primary
Change in Plasma Concentration of N-arachidonoylethanolamine
Plasma concentration of anandamide, one effector of the endocannabinoid system
Time frame: This will be measured 2 times during each study visit, once before the assigned study task (i.e., baseline) and once upon task completion (i.e., approx. 40 min. later)
Population: All participants for whom plasma samples were taken at baseline and post exercise
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yoga | Change in Plasma Concentration of N-arachidonoylethanolamine | -.013 pmol/mL | Standard Deviation 0.928 |
| Quiet Rest | Change in Plasma Concentration of N-arachidonoylethanolamine | -.655 pmol/mL | Standard Deviation 0.724 |
Secondary
Change in State Anxiety as Measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
20-item self-reported anxiety questionnaire that measures anxiety right now. Scores range from 20-80 with higher scores indicating higher anxiety.
Time frame: This will be measured 2 times during each study visit, once before the assigned study task (i.e., baseline) and once upon task completion (i.e., approx. 40 min. later)
Population: All participants who completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yoga | Change in State Anxiety as Measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory | -1.58 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.48 |
| Quiet Rest | Change in State Anxiety as Measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory | -1.92 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.4 |
Secondary
Change in Total Mood Disturbance as Measured by the Profile of Mood States
65-item self-reported mood questionnaire that measures mood right now. Scores range from 0-200 with higher scores indicating higher mood disturbance.
Time frame: This will be measured 2 times during each study visit, once before the assigned study task (i.e., baseline) and once upon task completion (i.e., approx. 40 min. later)
Population: All participants who completed the Profile of Mood States.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yoga | Change in Total Mood Disturbance as Measured by the Profile of Mood States | -9.41 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.12 |
| Quiet Rest | Change in Total Mood Disturbance as Measured by the Profile of Mood States | -7.17 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.27 |
Secondary
Change in Total Pain as Measured by the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire
15-item self-reported pain questionnaire that measures pain right now. Scores range from 0-45 with higher scores indicating higher pain.
Time frame: This will be measured 2 times during each study visit, once before the assigned study task (i.e., baseline) and once upon task completion (i.e., approx. 40 min. later)
Population: All participants who completed the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yoga | Change in Total Pain as Measured by the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire | -1.50 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.57 |
| Quiet Rest | Change in Total Pain as Measured by the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire | 0.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.63 |