Sport, Supplementation
Conditions
Brief summary
The study is aimed at assessing the influence of two betaine doses (2.5 g∙d-1 and 5 g∙d-1) supplemented for three weeks in a group of speed-strength trained athletes on anaerobic capacity in Wingate test, performance in CrossFit-like exercise test - Fight Gone Bad, alterations in body compositions and total body water.
Detailed description
The main aim of the project is the assessment of the effects of 3 weeks supplementation with two doses of betaine (2.5 g∙d-1 and 5 g∙d-1) on anaerobic capacity, CrossFit performance, body composition, and betaine metabolism in a group of male speed-strength trained athletes. The study is designed as a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. 80 male participants will be divided randomly into two parallel groups: one receiving 2.5 g·d-1 betaine and the second receiving 5 g·d-1 betaine. In both experimental groups participants will receive both betaine supplement or placebo in a random order. The supplementation periods (betaine and placebo) will last for three weeks each and will be separated by a 3-week washout. The participants will attend four study meetings at the Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland. Food intake before and during the intervention will be assessed with the use of food diary and intakes of macro- and micronutrients will be calculated with the use of Dieta 5.0 software. On each visit Wingate ergocycling test will be performed, body composition will be measured and blood samples will be taken. The same day in the afternoon/evening hours the Fight Gone Bad (FGB) test will be performed. Body composition will be assessed based on air displacement plethysmography technology using the Bod Pod®. Moreover, total body water content will be analyzed by bioelectric impedance with the use of a BIA 101S analyzer. Anaerobic capacity will be assessed using the classical Wingate test on a cycloergometer. In order to assess CrossFit performance the FGB test will be performed. In blood samples the investigators plan to analyze concentrations of: lipoproteins and triglycerides (biochemical analyzer), betaine (LC-MS method), amino acid profile (LC-MS method), and testosterone (ELISA). MTHFR genotype will be analyzed with using a PCR-RFLP method. Data will be analyzed using the STATISTICA 12 software program.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTBetaine supplementation
Group taking oral betaine supplementation
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTPlacebo treatment
Group taking oral supplementation with placebo (starch) in a similar capsule form.
Sponsors
National Science Centre, Poland
Poznan University of Life Sciences
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* written informed consent from all participants before the study * a current medical clearance to practice sports, * training experience: at least 1 year (of CrossFit ttraining), * minimum of 2 workout sessions (combat sport) a week,
Exclusion criteria
* current injury, * any health-related contraindication, * declared general feeling of being unwell, * unwilling to follow the study protocol, * serious disease or metabolic problems, * intake of betaine, choline or creatine supplements 4 weeks before the beginning of the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in fat mass and fat free mass after betaine supplementation | Baseline and after 3 weeks | Fat mass (kg) and fat free mass (kg) analysis |
| Changes in anaerobic capacity after betaine supplementation | Baseline and after 3 weeks | The Wingate cycling test (W) |
| Changes in specific performance capacity after betaine supplementation | Baseline and after 3 weeks | The CrossFit-specific physical fitness test: Fight Gone Bad (reps.) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in blood betaine | Baseline and after 3 weeks | Blood betaine (µmol/L) |
| Changes in total body water after betaine supplementation | Baseline and after 3 weeks | Total body water content (%) |
| Difference in response to betaine supplementation depending on MTHFR (rs1801133) polymorphism | Baseline and after 3 weeks | MTHFR (rs1801133) polymorphism |
| Changes in total, LDL and HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol after betaine supplementation | Baseline and after 3 weeks | Total, LDL and HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) and triacylglycerol (mg/dL) |
| Changes in testosterone level (ng/L) after betaine supplementation | Baseline and after 3 weeks | Testosterone level (ng/L) |
| Changes in amino acid profile after betaine supplementation | Baseline and after 3 weeks | Amino acid profile (μmol/L) |
Countries
Poland
Contacts
Primary ContactEmilia E Zawieja, MSc
Backup ContactKrzysztof Durkalec-Michalski, PhD
Outcome results
None listed