Sleep Restriction
Conditions
Brief summary
The aim of this project is to investigate whether enhancing sleep intensity locally in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) can counteract a deterioration of cognitive control and therefore the previously described increase in risk seeking during chronic sleep restriction. To this end, a controlled, counter-balanced study, consisting of two weeks of sleep restriction will be performed. During one of the sleep restriction weeks, sleep intensity in the PFC will be non-invasively enhanced by acoustic stimulation of slow waves during sleep.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALSleep restriction
Time in bed will be restricted to 5 hours per night for 7 nights.
OTHERAcoustic stimulation
Brief tones will be presented time-locked to ongoing slow waves during deep sleep.
Sponsors
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich)
Christian Baumann
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Age between 18-21 years or 26-30 years, * Right-handedness, * Good general health, * Good understanding of German language (as all information is provided in German) * Signed Informed Consent after being informed.
Exclusion criteria
* Contraindications on ethical grounds, * Clinically significant concomitant disease states (e.g., renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, etc), * Known or suspected non-compliance, drug or alcohol abuse (\> 5dl wine/ \>1l beer daily), * Regular medication intake, * Enrolment into a clinical trial within last 4 weeks, * Diseases or lesions of the nervous system (acute or residual included neurological and psychiatric diseases), * Sleep disorders (e.g. Insomnia, sleep apnoea, restless leg syndrome, narcolepsy, etc.), * Sleep complaints in general or excessive daytime sleepiness (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index \> 5; Epworth Sleepiness Scale ≥ 11), * Irregular sleep-wake rhythm (e.g. shift working), * Long (\> 10 hours per night) or short sleepers (\< 7 hours per night), * Sleep efficiency \< 80% in screening night, * Travelling with time lag less than 1 month ago (or planning to do so within 1 month prior to or during the study), * \> 5 drinks or food items containing caffeine per day, * \> 5 cigarettes per day, * Body Mass Index \< 19 or \> 30 kg/m2, * Skin allergy or very sensitive skin * Student of one of the following subjects: Mathematics, Physics, Computer Science, Economics, or Psychology (since students of these subjects have profound knowledge of probability calculations, which could interfere with our measurements in decision-making). * Red-Green Colour-Blindness (as the Risk Task requires the distinction between red and green), * History of claustrophobia, * Known hearing disorder (as acoustic stimuli will be applied during sleep), * Magnetic Resonance (MR) contraindication (such as pacemaker, implanted pumps, shrapnel, etc.; full MR Screening form will be filled out).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| risk-premium | comparison of change from baseline after 7 nights of sleep restriction with acoustic stimulation to change from baseline after 7 nights of sleep restriction without acoustic stimulation | risk-preference (i.e. risk premium assessed with the risk Task as described in Maric et al. 2017 Ann Neurol) after chronic sleep restriction with and without acoustic Stimulation will be quantified by the risk-premium derived from the choices made in the risk-task as described in Maric et al. 2017 Ann Neurol. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| brain metabolites | before to after 7 nights of sleep restriction with and without acoustic stimulation | Glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration in the right prefrontal Cortex assessed by magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy |
| vigilance measures | before to after 7 nights of sleep restriction with and without acoustic stimulation | Performance impairments in the psychomotor-vigilance task |
| deception willingness | before to after 7 nights of sleep restriction with and without acoustic stimulation | deception willingness measured by the willingness to deception of outcome in a card game with binary outcome (win and loss) |
| Motor inhibitory control performance | before to after 7 nights of sleep restriction with and without acoustic stimulation | inhibitory control performance measured by the stop-signal-task. |
| confidence | before to after 7 nights of sleep restriction with and without acoustic stimulation | overconfidence measured by an incentivised procedure that elicits the certainity equivalent of a bet based on Performance in a quiz (cf. Murad et al. 2016 J Risk Uncertain) |
| high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) marker of sleep pressure | assessed during first and last sleep restriction nights in comparison to baseline values | Slow wave activity (SWA) assessed by hd-EEG with 128 electrodes |
| impulsivity | before to after 7 nights of sleep restriction with and without acoustic stimulation | impulsivity as measured by an intertemporal choice Task. |
| Ocular inhibitory control performance | before to after 7 nights of sleep restriction with and without acoustic stimulation | Ocular inhibitory control Performance measured by the Anti-Saccade Task. |
| Effort in inhibitory control performance | before to after 7 nights of sleep restriction with and without acoustic stimulation | Pupil response (i.e. dilation) during a simple Go/No-Go Task. |
| Excessive daytime sleepiness | before to after 7 nights of sleep restriction with and without acoustic stimulation | Excessive daytime sleepiness assessed by the Epworth sleepiness scale and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale. |
| overconfidence | before to after 7 nights of sleep restriction with and without acoustic stimulation | overconfidence measured by an incentivised procedure that elicits the certainity equivalent of a bet based on Performance in a quiz (cf. Murad et al. 2016 J Risk Uncertain) |
Countries
Switzerland
Outcome results
None listed