Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Conditions
Brief summary
Determination of treatment efficacy and safety of Apremilast in patients with RAS
Detailed description
The study will be a pilot study using apremilast 30mg orally twice daily, for treatment of RAS in males and females between 18 and 70 years old. Subjects will be recruited from the clinical practice of the Department of Dermatology or Division of Rheumatology at Mayo Clinic Florida. Fifteen males and females with RAS will be enrolled. The study will consist of 3 phases: a screening phase, a 16 week treatment phase and an 8 week posttreatment observational follow-up phase. The screening phase will consist of: obtaining informed consent, demographic information, medical history, inclusion and exclusion criteria, prior and concomitant medication use, adverse events; collecting vital signs and weight; performing complete physical examination and limited physical examination; obtaining hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, pregnancy test and providing contraception education. During the 16-week treatment phase, all subjects receive apremilast. All subjects who complete the active treatment phase are to enter the 8-week posttreatment observational follow-up phase.
Interventions
DRUGApremilast 30mg
Apremilast is an oral small-molecule inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 that works intracellularly to modulate a network of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. PDE 4 is a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-specific PDE and the dominant PDE in inflammatory cells. PDE4 inhibition elevates intracellular cAMP levels, which in turn down-regulates the inflammatory response by modulating the expression of TNF-alfa, IL-23, IL-17 and other inflammatory cytokines. Cyclic AMP also modulates levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. Apremilast has immunomodulatory activity and, therefore, has the potential to be effective in the treatment of RAS.
Sponsors
Celgene
Mayo Clinic
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Apremilast 30mg orally twice daily for 16 weeks
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Male and female subjects between 18 and 70 years of age 2. Oral ulcers that occurred at least monthly in the 6 month period prior to enrollment 3. Had at least 2 oral ulcers in the 4 weeks prior to enrollment at baseline 4. At least 3 oral ulcers during an ulcer flare 5. Patients must be candidates for systemic therapy for the treatment of oral ulcers, those that are considered unsuitable for topical therapy alone based on severity of disease, or whose oral ulcers cannot be adequately controlled with topical therapy. 6. Female premenopausal subjects must use one of the approved contraceptive options while taking apremilast and for at least 28 days after administration of the last dose of apremilast 7. Patients are able and willing to provide written informed consent after the nature of the study is fully explained. 8. No evidence of systemic disease
Exclusion criteria
1. Prior use of apremilast. 2. Use of any investigational drug within 4 weeks prior to randomization, or 5 pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic half-lives, if known (whichever is longer). 3. Having received concomitant immune modulating therapy 12 weeks prior to enrollment, systemic steroids 6 weeks prior to enrollment or topical steroids within 4 weeks prior to enrollment. 4. Pregnant women or breast-feeding mothers. 5. Systemic or opportunistic fungal infection. 6. Known active current or history of recurrent bacterial, viral, fungal, mycobacterial or other infections (tuberculosis and atypical mycobacterial disease, hepatitis B and C and herpes zoster, histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis) or any major episode of infection requiring hospitalization or treatment with IV or oral antibiotics within 4 weeks of the screening phase. 7. History of positive test for, or any clinical suspicion of, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or congenital or acquired immunodeficiency. 8. History of depression. 9. Malignancy or history of malignancy, except for: a - treated (ie, cured) basal cell or squamous cell in situ skin carcinomas; b - treated (ie, cured) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or carcinoma in situ of cervix with no evidence of recurrence within the previous 5 years. 10. Other than disease under study, any clinically significant (as determined by the Investigator) cardiac, endocrinologic, pulmonary, neurologic, psychiatric, hepatic, renal, hematologic, immunologic disease, or other major disease that is currently uncontrolled. 11. Any condition, including the presence of laboratory abnormalities, which would place the subject at unacceptable risk if he/she were to participate in the study. 12. Prior history of suicide attempt at any time in the subject's life time prior to screening or randomization, or major psychiatric illness requiring hospitalization within the last 3 years. 13. Active substance abuse or a history of substance abuse within 6 months prior to screening. 14. Presence of any of the following vitamin deficiencies - B1, B2, B6, B12, vitamin C, zinc, folate, iron. 15. Celiac disease. 16. Inflammatory Bowel Disease. 17. Genital aphthous ulcers. 18. Behçet's disease. 19. History of positive patch test for allergic contact stomatitis. 20. Positive anti-endomysial or anti-gliadin antibodies. 21. A diagnosis of uveitis (current or previous). 22. Erythema nodosum-like lesions (current or previous). 23. An established diagnosis of a systemic disease (SLE, Reiter's, Sweet's and MAGIC syndrome).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Duration of RAS Lesions | 24 weeks | The total length of time (duration) subjects experienced RAS lesions. Measured in weeks |
| Change in Number of RAS Lesions | baseline, 24 weeks | Number of participants with fewer oral ulcers at Week 24 compared to Baseline |
| Duration of the Remission Period Between Ulcer Episodes | 24 weeks | The length of time of remission of RAS lesions experienced by the subjects. As measured in months. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Adverse Events | 24 weeks | Number of participants with treatment-related adverse events as assessed by CTCAE v4.0 |
| Discontinuation of Study Participants | 24 weeks | Number of subjects who prematurely discontinue treatment with apremilast due to any adverse event. |
| Change in Visual Analog Scale Pain Score (VAS) From Baseline to 16 Weeks and Baseline to 24 Weeks. | baseline, 16 weeks, 24 weeks | The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain is a validated tool used to measure pain. A 100mm horizontal line anchored by no pain (score of 0) and pain as bad as it could be (score of 100). |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Single Arm Subjects received Apremilast 30mg orally twice daily for 16 weeks, sixteen weeks on active study. Post treatment follow-up period of 8 weeks, in the Treatment of Subjects with Severe Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS)
Apremilast 30mg: Apremilast is an oral small-molecule inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 that works intracellularly to modulate a network of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. PDE 4 is a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-specific PDE and the dominant PDE in inflammatory cells. PDE4 inhibition elevates intracellular cAMP levels, which in turn down-regulates the inflammatory response by modulating the expression of TNF-alfa, IL-23, IL-17 and other inflammatory cytokines. Cyclic AMP also modulates levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. Apremilast has immunomodulatory activity and, therefore, has the potential to be effective in the treatment of RAS. | 15 |
| Total | 15 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Single Arm |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 56 years |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized White | 14 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 15 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 11 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 4 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 15 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 14 / 15 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 15 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change in Number of RAS Lesions
Number of participants with fewer oral ulcers at Week 24 compared to Baseline
Time frame: baseline, 24 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Single Arm | Change in Number of RAS Lesions | 11 participants |
Primary
Duration of RAS Lesions
The total length of time (duration) subjects experienced RAS lesions. Measured in weeks
Time frame: 24 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single Arm | Duration of RAS Lesions | 1.57 weeks | Standard Deviation 0.68 |
Primary
Duration of the Remission Period Between Ulcer Episodes
The length of time of remission of RAS lesions experienced by the subjects. As measured in months.
Time frame: 24 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single Arm | Duration of the Remission Period Between Ulcer Episodes | 2.00 months | Standard Deviation 0.85 |
Secondary
Adverse Events
Number of participants with treatment-related adverse events as assessed by CTCAE v4.0
Time frame: 24 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Single Arm | Adverse Events | 11 Participants |
Secondary
Change in Visual Analog Scale Pain Score (VAS) From Baseline to 16 Weeks and Baseline to 24 Weeks.
The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain is a validated tool used to measure pain. A 100mm horizontal line anchored by no pain (score of 0) and pain as bad as it could be (score of 100).
Time frame: baseline, 16 weeks, 24 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single Arm | Change in Visual Analog Scale Pain Score (VAS) From Baseline to 16 Weeks and Baseline to 24 Weeks. | baseline to 16 weeks | -4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3 |
| Single Arm | Change in Visual Analog Scale Pain Score (VAS) From Baseline to 16 Weeks and Baseline to 24 Weeks. | baseline to 24 weeks | -2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4 |
Secondary
Discontinuation of Study Participants
Number of subjects who prematurely discontinue treatment with apremilast due to any adverse event.
Time frame: 24 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Single Arm | Discontinuation of Study Participants | 3 Participants |