Acute Injury in Mountain Biking
Conditions
Brief summary
The investigators intented to assess the prevalence of acute injuries in amateur and elite mountain bikers.
Detailed description
In order to assess the prevalence of acute injuries in amateur and elite mountain bikers a questionnaire was created in accordance to existing literature. The questionnaire was translated in several languages by bilingual people familiar with mountain biking. The questionnaire focussed on demographic data, training volume, number of races per year, number of injuries since practising mountain biking, wearing of protective gear items and accident mechanism. The survey was conducted during the Swiss Epic Mountain Bike Event in 2017. All riders were asked to voluntarily participate in the survey.
Interventions
OTHERno intervention
no intervention
Sponsors
University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* mountain bikers participating in the Swiss Epic Mountain Bike Event in 2017
Exclusion criteria
* non-participators, non-mountain bikers in the Swiss Epic Mountain Bike Event in 2017
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of Injuries in Amateur and Elite Mountain Bikers | At study enrollment, based on participants' self-reported history of mountain bike injuries | In a retrospective questionnaire participants were asked about the Number of injuries obtained during mountain biking. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Training and Racing Volume | At study enrollment, based on participants' retrospective self-report of the number of races per year and estimated training hours per week | In a retrospective questionnaire the participants were asked How many races per year they ride and whats their Estimated training hours per week in regard to the season. The number of races per year was multiplied by the factor 4 to transform the number of races into training hours. Then, both values were added to get the training volume per year. |
| Years Practising Mountain Biking | At study enrollment, based on participants' self-reported history of mountain bike participation | In a retrospective questionnaire participants were asked Since how many years do you participate in mountain biking?. |
| Amount of Protective Gear Items | At study enrollment, based on participants' retrospective self-report of protective gear use | In a retrospective questionnaire participants were asked to tick the protective gear (helment, gloves, eveywear, upper armour, lower armout, other) they are using for mountain biking. |
| Injury Rate Per 1000hrs Exposure Time | At study enrollment, based on participants' self-reported history of mountain bike participation | The injury rate per 1000 hours exposure time was calculated as follows: the hours of exposure time per year were multiplied by the number of years practicing mountain biking to get the total hours at risk. Then, the total amount of injuries ever was divided by the total hours at risk, multiplied by 1000 hours to get the injury rate per 1000 hours of exposure time. |
Countries
Switzerland
Participant flow
Recruitment details
At the 2017 Swiss Epic Mountain Bike Event in Valais, riders completed a retrospective survey on bike-related injuries. 99 returned questionnaires were eligible for injury prevalence analysis. For the detailed analysis, 29 riders without injuries and 14 questionnaires with missing data were removed. Ultimately, 56 participants were included in the final analysis.
Pre-assignment details
To assess eligibile data, incomplete data sets in terms of gender, age, riding level and injury reporting were excluded. In a next step, due to the low number of female respondents, female participants were excluded to ensure comparability and homogeneity of the data.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Elite Mountain Bikers A group of mountain bikers, attending the Swiss Epic Mountain Bike Event 2017, self-reported their riding level as semi-professional or professional in a questionnaire. | 15 |
| Amateur Mountain Bikers A group of mountain bikers, attending the Swiss Epic Mountain Bike Event 2017, self-reported their riding level as recreational or amateur in a questionnaire. | 41 |
| Total | 56 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | missing information | 7 | 7 |
| Overall Study | no injuries | 9 | 20 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Amateur Mountain Bikers | Total | Elite Mountain Bikers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 40.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.6 | 39.40 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.7 | 32.47 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.12 |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | — | 0 Participants | — |
| Region of Enrollment Switzerland | 41 participants | 56 participants | 15 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 41 Participants | 56 Participants | 15 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Prevalence of Injuries in Amateur and Elite Mountain Bikers
In a retrospective questionnaire participants were asked about the Number of injuries obtained during mountain biking.
Time frame: At study enrollment, based on participants' self-reported history of mountain bike injuries
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elite Mountain Bikers | Prevalence of Injuries in Amateur and Elite Mountain Bikers | 4.6 Number of injuries | Standard Deviation 5.5 |
| Amateur Mountain Bikers | Prevalence of Injuries in Amateur and Elite Mountain Bikers | 3.5 Number of injuries | Standard Deviation 4.3 |
Secondary
Amount of Protective Gear Items
In a retrospective questionnaire participants were asked to tick the protective gear (helment, gloves, eveywear, upper armour, lower armout, other) they are using for mountain biking.
Time frame: At study enrollment, based on participants' retrospective self-report of protective gear use
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elite Mountain Bikers | Amount of Protective Gear Items | 3.20 amount of worn protective gear items | Standard Deviation 0.77 |
| Amateur Mountain Bikers | Amount of Protective Gear Items | 3.24 amount of worn protective gear items | Standard Deviation 0.73 |
Secondary
Injury Rate Per 1000hrs Exposure Time
The injury rate per 1000 hours exposure time was calculated as follows: the hours of exposure time per year were multiplied by the number of years practicing mountain biking to get the total hours at risk. Then, the total amount of injuries ever was divided by the total hours at risk, multiplied by 1000 hours to get the injury rate per 1000 hours of exposure time.
Time frame: At study enrollment, based on participants' self-reported history of mountain bike participation
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Elite Mountain Bikers | Injury Rate Per 1000hrs Exposure Time | 0.39 injuries per 1000hrs exposure time |
| Amateur Mountain Bikers | Injury Rate Per 1000hrs Exposure Time | 0.52 injuries per 1000hrs exposure time |
Secondary
Training and Racing Volume
In a retrospective questionnaire the participants were asked How many races per year they ride and whats their Estimated training hours per week in regard to the season. The number of races per year was multiplied by the factor 4 to transform the number of races into training hours. Then, both values were added to get the training volume per year.
Time frame: At study enrollment, based on participants' retrospective self-report of the number of races per year and estimated training hours per week
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elite Mountain Bikers | Training and Racing Volume | 743.86 hours per year | Standard Deviation 238.12 |
| Amateur Mountain Bikers | Training and Racing Volume | 443.1 hours per year | Standard Deviation 214.13 |
Secondary
Years Practising Mountain Biking
In a retrospective questionnaire participants were asked Since how many years do you participate in mountain biking?.
Time frame: At study enrollment, based on participants' self-reported history of mountain bike participation
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elite Mountain Bikers | Years Practising Mountain Biking | 15.73 years | Standard Deviation 6.78 |
| Amateur Mountain Bikers | Years Practising Mountain Biking | 15.29 years | Standard Deviation 8.89 |