Anger
Conditions
Keywords
Reactive aggression, High trait anger, Cognitive bias modification, Interpretation bias modification
Brief summary
Difficulties with anger control are reported in a number of psychological conditions and are associated with social problems, such as dating violence and workplace violence. High trait anger is a personality construct characterized by elevations in the frequency, duration, and intensity of anger episodes. However, the cognitive processes contributing to high trait anger are still poorly understood. This study will examine the effectiveness of a computer-based cognitive bias modification (CBM) program designed to target hostile interpretations associated with high trait anger.
Detailed description
High trait anger is a personality construct characterized by elevations in the frequency, duration, and intensity of anger episodes. According to the Integrative Cognitive Model (ICM) of anger, three cognitive processes jointly contribute to an individual's level of trait anger and reactive aggression: hostile attributions, ruminative attention, and effortful control processes. Specifically, individuals high in trait anger are more prone to interpret ambiguous situations as hostile; are more likely to ruminate about anger-related events; and have a more limited capacity to employ control processes when they become angry. One means of evaluating unconscious biases that has become increasingly popular is cognitive bias modification (CBM). CBM programs are computerized training paradigms, which aim to train more adaptive cognitive biases by repeatedly exposing participants to an experimental contingency between an emotional stimulus and a response.Previous researchers have begun to investigate the impact of CBMs targeting cognitive control and hostile attribution bias in relation to anger. However, these studies have been conducted exclusively in samples reporting low trait anger. This study will examine the effectiveness of a short-term interpretation bias modification program (CBM-I) on hostile attribution biases and reactive aggression in a sample of undergraduate students eporting high trait anger.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALInterpretation Bias Modification
A computer based interpretation bias modification program that aims to reinforce neutral interpretations of ambiguous social situations.
BEHAVIORALControl Training Program
A sham training program that is similar in design and delivery to the experimental training condition.
Sponsors
Toronto Metropolitan University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1\. Students scoring 22 or higher on the Trait Anger Scale.
Exclusion criteria
1. Reports currently receiving psychological treatment or counseling for anger. 2. Reports changes in psychiatric medication within the last month. 3. Endorsement of current psychosis or bipolar disorder symptoms. 4. Indicates poor English language proficiency.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2nd Edition | Administered two times over the course of one week. Changes will be examined from visit 1 (before CBM training program) to visit 2 (after CBM training program). | A self-report measure of the experience of anger. |
| Interpretation Bias Assessment | Administered two times over the course of one week. Changes will be examined from visit 1 (before CBM training program) to visit 2 (after CBM training program). | A computer-based measure of hostile interpretation bias involving ambiguous social scenarios. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Word Sentence Association Paradigm-Hostility | Administered two times over the course of one week. Changes will be examined from visit 1 (before CBM training program) to visit 2 (after CBM training program). | A behavioural measure of hostile attribution biases involving hostile and non-hostile words. |
| Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale-21 | Administered two times over the course of one week. Changes will be examined from visit 1 (before CBM training program) to visit 2 (after CBM training program). | A self-report measure of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. A self-report measure of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms.Items are summed for each subscale to create subscale totals (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress), with higher scores reflecting more severe emotional distress. Symptom score ranges include: normal (0-4), mild (5-6), moderate (7-10), severe (11-13), and extremely severe (14+). |
| Anger Rumination Scale | Administered two times over the course of one week. Changes will be examined from visit 1 (before CBM training program) to visit 2 (after CBM training program). | A self-report measure of the degree to individuals focus on experiences with anger. The scale is comprised of four subscales, angry after thoughts (e.g., Whenever I experience anger, I keep thinking about it for a while), angry memories (e.g., I re-enact the anger episode in my mind after it has happened), understanding causes (e.g., When someone provokes me, I keep wondering why this should have happened to me), and thoughts of revenge (e.g. I have difficulty forgiving people who have hurt me.). Participants will be asked to read each item and rate it in terms of how well it reflects their experience on a 4-point scale from 1 (almost never) to 4 (almost always). Totals for each sub scale will be summed to produce a total score (range: 19-76), with higher scores indicating a greater propensity for rumination. |
| Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire | Administered two times over the course of one week. Changes will be examined from visit 1 (before CBM training program) to visit 2 (after CBM training program). | A self-report measure of an individual's propensity for reactive aggression. |
| Taylor Aggression Paradigm | Administered one time over the course of one week. Participants will be exposed to the paradigm following the second training session. | A behavioural measure of reactive aggression. |
| Dot Probe | Administered two times over the course of one week. Changes will be examined from visit 1 (before CBM training program) to visit 2 (after CBM training program). | A behavioural measure of attentional bias towards angry faces. |
| Social Information Processing-Attribution and Emotional Response Questionnaire | Administered two times over the course of one week. Changes will be examined from visit 1 (before CBM training program) to visit 2 (after CBM training program). | A self-report measure of evaluate social information processing biases associated with hostile attribution bias. |
Countries
Canada
Outcome results
None listed