Tourette's Disorder (TD)
Conditions
Keywords
Aripiprazole, Tourette's Disorder, Pediatric
Brief summary
To evaluate the long-term efficacy of oral aripiprazole in pediatric participants for the treatment of Tourette's Disorder (TD).
Detailed description
This study will evaluate the long-term efficacy of oral aripiprazole in the treatment of pediatric participants with Tourette's Disorder (TD). The trial consists of 3 distinct phases: a pretreatment phase, open-label stabilization phase, and a double-blind randomized withdrawal phase.
Interventions
DRUGAripiprazole
Participants received aripiprazole tablets, orally as per the regimen specified in the arm description.
DRUGPlacebo
Participants received aripiprazole matching-placebo tablets, orally as per the regimen specified in the arm description.
Sponsors
Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc.
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
6 Years to 17 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* The participant is a male or female child or adolescent, 6 to 17 years of age (inclusive) at the time of signing the informed consent/assent. * The participant meets current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for TD, documented at screening and made by an adequately trained clinician, as confirmed by the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia - Present and Lifetime Version. * The participant has a Total Tic Score (TTS) ≥ 20 on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) at screening and baseline (Day 1). * The participant, a caregiver, and the investigator must all agree that the presenting tic symptoms cause impairment in the participant's normal routines, which include academic achievement, occupational functioning, social activities, and/or relationships. * Females of childbearing potential (all female participants ≥ 12 years of age and all female participants \< 12 years of age if menstruation has started) must have a negative pregnancy test and must not be pregnant or lactating. * Written informed consent must be obtained from the participant or a legally acceptable representative (eg, guardian or caregiver), in accordance with requirements of the trial site's institutional review board (IRB)/independent ethics committee (IEC) and local regulatory requirements, prior to the initiation of any protocol-required procedures. In addition, the participant, as required by the trial center's IRB/IEC, must provide informed assent at screening and as such must be able to understand that he or she can withdraw from the trial at any time. * Ability, in the opinion of the principal investigator, of the participant and the participant's legally acceptable representative (e.g., guardian) or caregiver(s) to understand the nature of the trial and follow protocol requirements, including the prescribed dosage regimens, tablet ingestion, and discontinuation of prohibited concomitant medications, to read and understand the written word in order to complete participant-reported outcomes measures, and to be reliably rated on assessment scales.
Exclusion criteria
* The participant presents with a clinical presentation and/or history that is consistent with another neurologic condition that may have accompanying abnormal movements. These include, but are not limited to, the following: Transient tic disorder; Huntington's disease; Parkinson's disease; Sydenham's chorea; Wilson's disease; Mental retardation; Pervasive developmental disorder; Tardive dyskinesia; Traumatic brain injury; Stroke; Restless legs syndrome. * The participant has a history of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or other psychotic disorder. * Participants who receive psychostimulants for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and who have developed and/or had exacerbations of the tic disorder after the initiation of stimulant treatment. (Note that participants with ADHD who are treated with psychostimulants and have not developed new tics or a worsening of their current tics can be included if all other enrollment obligations are met). * The participant currently has a primary diagnosis that meets DSM-5 criteria for mood disorder. * The participant has severe obsessive-compulsive disease, as evidenced by a Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) score \> 16. * The participant has taken aripiprazole within 1 month (30 days) of the screening visit. * The participant has a history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. * Participant is a sexually active male or female of childbearing potential (FOCBP) (all female participants ≥ 12 years of age and all female participants \< 12 years of age if menstruation has started) who will not agree to practice 2 acceptable methods of birth control or who will not remain abstinent during the trial and for 30 or 90 days following the last dose of Investigational medicinal product (IMP) for females and males, respectively. Abstinence will be permitted if it is confirmed and documented at every trial visit. * The participant represents a significant risk of committing suicide based on history (suicide attempt in past 1 year). * The participant has a body weight \< 16 kg. * Participants who have taken neuroleptic or antiparkinson drugs within 14 days prior to baseline. * Participants requiring cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for TD during the trial period. CBT for other nonexclusionary disorder must remain consistent through the trial. * The participant has met DSM-5 criteria for any significant psychoactive substance use disorder within the past 3 months. * A positive drug screen for cocaine, alcohol, or other drugs of abuse (excluding caffeine, nicotine, or prescribed psychostimulants for ADHD). Investigators can choose to repeat a positive drug screen one time during screening period after concurrence from the medical monitor. A second positive test for any drug of abuse would be exclusionary. * Participant requiring medication not allowed per protocol. * Use of any cytochrome P450 (CYP)2D6 and CYP3A4 inhibitors or CYP3A4 inducers within 14 days prior to baseline and for the duration of the trial. * Other nutritional or dietary supplements and nonprescription herbal preparations for TD (eg, cannabinoids, N-acetylcysteine, omega-3 fatty acids, kava extracts, GABA supplements) within 7 days prior to baseline and for the duration of the trial, unless approved in advance by the medical monitor. * The inability to swallow tablets or tolerate oral medication. * Participant has participated in a clinical trial involving either study medication or interventional (non-medication) treatment for TD within the last 60 days. * The following laboratory test results, vital signs and electrocardiogram (ECG) results are exclusionary: Platelets ≤ 75,000/mm\^3; Hemoglobin ≤ 9 g/dL; Neutrophils, absolute ≤ 1000/mm\^3; Aspartate aminotransferase \> 3 × upper limit of normal (ULN) as defined by the central laboratory; Alanine aminotransferase \> 3 × ULN as defined by the central laboratory; Creatinine ≥ 2 mg/dL; Diastolic blood pressure \> 105 mmHg; Corrected QT interval ≥ 450 msec (males) or ≥ 470 msec (females) using the corrected QT interval for heart rate using Fridericia's formula
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants With Relapse During the Double-blind Randomized Withdrawal Phase | From Randomization up to 12 weeks in Double-blind Randomized Withdrawal Phase | Relapse was defined as a loss of ≥ 50% of the improvement experienced during the open-label stabilization phase (i.e., improvement at the last assessment of Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) before randomization) on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale Total Tic Score (YGTSS TTS). YGTSS provides an evaluation of the number, frequency, intensity, complexity, and interference of motor and phonic symptoms. |
Countries
Canada, Hungary, United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Participants took part in the study at 13 investigative sites in Canada, the United States and Hungary from Oct 13, 2018 to Jun 30, 2020.
Pre-assignment details
Pediatric participants with a diagnosis of Tourette's Disorder were enrolled in this to receive oral aripiprazole in an Open-label Stabilization Phase and a Double-blind Randomized Withdrawal Phase and then followed for safety up to 30 days post-last dose.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Open Label Stabilization Phase: Aripiprazole Participants began treatment with aripiprazole at a 2.0 mg/day dose, with the dose titrated to 5.0 mg/day after 2 days. Subsequent dose adjustments were based on the participant's weight to achieve optimum control of tics up to the maximum recommended doses based on the United States Labeling, up to Week 8 and then continued on the most stabilized dose up to minimum Week 14 or maximum Week 20. Participants who met stabilization criteria were randomized to Double-blind Randomization Phase. | 36 |
| Total | 36 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 | FG003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Double-blind Randomized Phase | Adverse Event | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Double-blind Randomized Phase | Disease Relapse | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Double-blind Randomized Phase | Study Terminated by Sponsor | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Double-blind Randomized Phase | Withdrawal by Parent/Guardian | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Open Label Stabilization Phase | Adverse Event | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Open Label Stabilization Phase | Lack of Efficacy | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Open Label Stabilization Phase | Study Terminated by Sponsor | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Open Label Stabilization Phase | Withdrawal by Parent/Guardian | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Open Label Stabilization Phase: Aripiprazole |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 10.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 7 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 29 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 32 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment Canada | 9 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Hungary | 4 participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 23 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 6 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 30 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 36 | 0 / 9 | 0 / 8 | 0 / 8 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 17 / 36 | 3 / 9 | 3 / 8 | 2 / 8 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 36 | 1 / 9 | 0 / 8 | 0 / 8 |
Outcome results
Primary
Percentage of Participants With Relapse During the Double-blind Randomized Withdrawal Phase
Relapse was defined as a loss of ≥ 50% of the improvement experienced during the open-label stabilization phase (i.e., improvement at the last assessment of Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) before randomization) on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale Total Tic Score (YGTSS TTS). YGTSS provides an evaluation of the number, frequency, intensity, complexity, and interference of motor and phonic symptoms.
Time frame: From Randomization up to 12 weeks in Double-blind Randomized Withdrawal Phase
Population: Intent to Treat (ITT) Sample included all participants who were randomized and received at least 1 dose of randomized investigational medicinal product (IMP) were included in this dataset and were analyzed according to the treatment group they were randomized to.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Double Blind Phase: Aripiprazole Full Dose | Percentage of Participants With Relapse During the Double-blind Randomized Withdrawal Phase | 0.0 percentage of participants |
| Double Blind Phase: Aripiprazole Half Dose | Percentage of Participants With Relapse During the Double-blind Randomized Withdrawal Phase | 0.0 percentage of participants |
| Double Blind Phase: Placebo | Percentage of Participants With Relapse During the Double-blind Randomized Withdrawal Phase | 75.0 percentage of participants |