Injection Site Reaction, Injection Site Bruising
Conditions
Keywords
subcutaneous heparin, injection pain, ecchymosis
Brief summary
Fifty-five patients received three subcutaneous heparin injections (165 injections) by the same investigator using additional techniques such as mechano-analgesia and cold application, and without any additional techniques.
Detailed description
The abdomen was divided into four quarters. The first, second, and third SC heparin injections were applied from the right abdominal region using ShotBlocker®, left abdominal region with an ice pack, and lower abdominal region without any additional application, respectively. All the injection sites were circled using a skin marking pen (r = 5 cm). All the injections were administered following a standard procedure. Pain and satisfaction were assessed immediately after the injection by using the VAS score. Ecchymosis was assessed with an ecchymosis measurement tool at 48 and 60 hours after the injection (Figure 3).
Interventions
DEVICEShotBlocker
ShotBlocker is a drug-free tool with no side effects and does not require preparation. It is a flexible, plastic, C-shaped device with a number of short (2 mm) blunt contact points on its back.
DEVICEIce pack
Ice pack containing gel
Sponsors
Istanbul Saglik Bilimleri University
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Masking description
This study was conducted on receiving treatment patients in the Orthopedics and Traumatology wards of a university hospital.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 90 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Must be older than 18 years * Open to communication * No complications during the operation * Normal body mass index (BMI; reference range, 18.5-29.9 kg/m2) (d) and * Platelet count (150.000-300.000) * Give consent to participate in the study
Exclusion criteria
* Oral and parenteral anticoagulant treatment for at least 5 days * Infection, scar tissue or incision, and parenteral treatment in their abdominal area * Hematological and allergic disease
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Intensity Measure via VAS | Immediately after injection | The VAS was used to measure pain intensity. The VAS was composed of a 10-cm long line, which had subjective descriptive expressions on both sides (0 cm: no pain and 10 cm: unbearable pain). The individual was asked to make a sign on the line indicating the degree of the pain. The numerical values were recorded by the researcher. |
Outcome results
None listed