Health Behavior
Conditions
Keywords
hydration, water intake, sugar sweetened beverages, youth, children
Brief summary
This study is a cluster randomized controlled trial with n=28 City of Philadelphia recreation centers (14 matched pairs) designed to determine the effectiveness of a comprehensive multi-level intervention to increase water access and appeal in community recreation centers on 1) center-level water intake as measured by water meters, and 2) purchase of outside beverages as measured by observations of recreation center youth.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALHydrate Philly
Hydrate Philly is a multi-component intervention that includes water safety testing, provision of 1-2 hydration stations per recreation center, distribution of reusable water bottles for youth, a campaign to promote the acceptability of tap water, and the reduction of access to competing unhealthy beverages through vending machine standards and discouraging black bags (characteristic small, black, plastic bags provided to customers with their corner store purchases, typically including a sugar sweetened beverage and/or unhealthy snack foods).
Sponsors
Stanford University
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Philadelphia Department of Public Health
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
This cluster RCT involves 14 matched pairs; study recruitment and randomization occurs at the recreation center-level. Participating sites are matched based on center size, summer program enrollment, presence of indoor gym, neighborhood income & race/ethnicity. Then, an intervention site and control site are randomly determined by a coin flip within each pair.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
3 Years to 100 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Recreation center is located in a low-income neighborhood in the City of Philadelphia, defined by ≥20% of the residents in the zip code at or below Federal Poverty Level * Recreation center includes both summer and after-school programming * Recreation center is willing to comply with City of Philadelphia Healthy Vending standards and discourage sugar sweetened beverage consumption * Recreation center has water lines appropriate for installing indoor hydration stations
Exclusion criteria
* Unwilling to accept randomization
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Center water consumption | Three measurement periods, each lasting 2 weeks, will occur: baseline (2-4 months pre-intervention), mid-point (3-5 months post intervention), and post (7-10 months post intervention). | Change in average gallons of water per day used at the center drinking water source as measured by flow meters over each 2-week measurement period. |
| Outside beverages during programs | Three measurement periods, each lasting 2 weeks, will occur: baseline (2-4 months pre-intervention), mid-point (3-5 months post intervention), and post (7-10 months post intervention). | Changes in the average number of sugary beverages per day brought to summer camp. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Single use beverage containers | Three measurement periods, each lasting 2 weeks, will occur: baseline (2-4 months pre-intervention), mid-point (3-5 months post intervention), and post (7-10 months post intervention). | Average number of single use containers (bottled water + sugary beverages) as measured by recreation center staff daily reports |
| Staff consumption of sugary beverages | Three measurement periods, each lasting 2 weeks, will occur: baseline (2-4 months pre-intervention), mid-point (3-5 months post intervention), and post (7-10 months post intervention). | Change in frequency of staff consumption of sugary beverages (i.e., number of days in past 30 days with sugary beverages consumed) as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEVQ-15) survey assessing past 30 day recall of overall beverage intake. Range is 0 - 30 with higher values indicating more days sugary beverages were consumed. |
| Fountain related maintenance problems | Questionnaire administered 2-5 times per site up to 8 months post intervention | Average maintenance rating of scale with 8 items (4-point scale; i.e., everyday, 3-4 times, once or twice, or never) at post as measured by staff self-report. Subscales include average routine maintenance (3 items) versus average maintenance problems (5 items). |
| Center attendance | Three measurement periods, each lasting 2 weeks, will occur: baseline (2-4 months pre-intervention), mid-point (3-5 months post intervention), and post (7-10 months post intervention). | The number of youth attending the recreation center program daily |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed