Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
Conditions
Keywords
Previously untreated MDS, MDS who have received <6 cycles of treatment with hypomethylating agents (HMAs), De novo or secondary MDS (treatment-related) who are not eligible for intensive induction chemotherapy or stem cell transplant, FAB subtypes: refractory anemia [RA], RA w/ ringed sideroblasts, RA w/ excess blasts, RA w/ excess blasts in transformation or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, Intermediate and above per the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) groups, Sumitomo Oncology SMPO, Cancer, Phase 1b/2
Brief summary
Alvocidib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK 9) inhibitor, in time-sequential therapy demonstrated significant clinical activity in secondary AML patients with prior MDS. Patients with IPSS-R intermediate and above MDS have an increased risk of developing AML and may be treated with the same chemotherapy regimens used in patients with AML. Eight Phase I or II clinical trials have been completed in patients with AML, totaling more than 400 patients with both relapsed/refractory or newly diagnosed AML. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that decitabine exposure increased the expression of NOXA, which is a specific antagonist of the survival factor MCL 1. Pharmacologic downregulation of MCL-1 via CDK 9 inhibition, as well as upregulation of the MCL-1 antagonist, NOXA, following decitabine exposure may result in enhanced antileukemic activity in MCL-1-dependent malignancies.
Detailed description
PHASE 1b: Patients will be enrolled in cohorts of 3-6 patients. Escalation of the alvocidib dose will follow a standard 3+3 design with sequential cohorts of 3 patients treated with incrementally higher doses of alvocidib administered in sequence after decitabine (during dose escalation) or azacitidine until a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) is observed and the MTD is established. Once the MTD or preliminary RP2D of alvocidib administered via hybrid dosing is identified, 2 cohorts of at least 3 patients each will receive azacitadine followed by alvocidib administered as a 30-60 minute IV infusion. Expansion at MTD Once the MTD or preliminary RP2D of alvocidib administered as a 30-to-60 minute IV infusion is determined, up to 25 patients will be enrolled in an Expansion cohort to receive alvocidib following azacitadine to confirm safety, explore potential biomarkers, and evaluate potential signals of alvocidib activity. Once this Expansion cohort is completed, the study will progress to Phase 2 PHASE 2: Phase 2 design is based on the Simon 2-stage minimax design (Simon 1989). * Stage 1: Up to 15 evaluable patients will be enrolled and treated at the RP2D identified in the Phase 1b study. * Stage 2: Ten patients will be enrolled to bring the total enrollment in Phase 2 (including Stage-1 patients) to 25 evaluable patients. Stage-2 patients will also receive the RP2D dose of alvocidib administered by 30-to-60 minute IV infusion identified in the Phase 1b study. If 6 or more responses are observed in 25 patients, the conclusion will be that the combination regimen is worthy of further investigation.
Interventions
COMBINATION_PRODUCTAlvocidib Plus Decitabine (during dose escalation only) or Azacitidine
PHASE 1b: Decitabine administered as an intravenous (IV) infusion daily for 5 days at a dose of 20 mg/m2 followed on Day 8 by alvocidib as a loading dose over 30 minutes followed by a 4-hour IV infusion (hybrid dosing) Once the maximum dose of alvocidib administered via hybrid dosing has been determined, 2 cohorts of patients will receive azacitidine followed by alvocidib administered as an IV infusion. Azacitidine may be administered as either an IV bolus over 10 to 40 minutes or as a subcutaneous (SC) injection on either a 7 day or 5-2 2 schedule. Regardless of which azacitidine schedule or route of administration is used, alvocidib will be given on Day 10 as a 30-to-60 minute IVI PHASE 2: The Phase 2 study will use the RP2D from the Phase 1b study and follow a Simon 2-stage minimax design using the RP2D of alvocidib administered as a 30-to-60 minute IV infusion determined in the Ph1b study to explore efficacy of alvocidib when administered in sequence after azacitidine.
Sponsors
Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc.
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Aged ≥18 years 2. Phase 1b Dose Escalation: Patients with previously untreated MDS and patients with MDS who received fewer than six (6) cycles of previous HMAs. Phase 1b Expansion: Untreated patients with de novo or secondary MDS. Phase 2: Untreated patients with de novo or secondary MDS 3. Patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS) score ≤2 at enrollment 4. Provide written informed consent prior to any study-related procedure. (In the event that the patient is re-screened for study participation or a protocol amendment alters the care of an ongoing patient, a new informed consent form must be signed.) 5. Patients with a life expectancy of ≥3 months (90 days) 6. Patients with adequate major organ functions meeting the following criteria on the basis of laboratory data within 4 weeks (28 days) before enrollment (if multiple data are available, most recent data during the period): 1. Serum creatinine: ≤1.8× the upper limit of the normal (ULN) range 2. Total bilirubin: ≤2× the ULN 3. Aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT): ≤3× the ULN 4. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \>45% by echocardiogram or multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan 7. Be able to comply with the requirements of the entire study. 8. Patients with Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) intermediate-, high-, and very high-risk MDS
Exclusion criteria
1. Presence of concomitant severe cardiovascular disease: 1. Patients who had myocardial infarction within 6 months (180 days) before enrollment 2. Patients with significant diseases at enrollment that may affect study treatment, such as New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class III or IV heart disease, National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 grade ≥3 arrhythmia, angina pectoris, abnormal electrocardiogram findings, interstitial pneumonia or pulmonary fibrosis 2. Presence of concomitant malignancy requiring chemotherapy or any malignancy (except basal and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin) for which the patient received chemotherapy within 6 months prior to enrollment. NOTE: Diagnosis of any previous or concomitant malignancy is thus not an exclusion criterion. 3. Presence of uncontrolled or uncontrollable infection(s); or ≥Grade 3 infection according to NCI CTCAE v5.0 4. Presence of any psychological, familial, sociological or geographical condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, could potentially hinder compliance with the study protocol and follow-up schedule 5. Patients with a dry tap on bone marrow aspiration before enrollment 6. Patients with concurrent autoimmune disease or a history of chronic or recurrent autoimmune disease, or patients who require long-term systemic steroid therapy greater than the equivalent of 20 mg of prednisone daily (excluding therapy given on an 'as needed' \[PRN\] basis) 7. Patients with other documented malignancies within past year aside from synchronous or metachronous multiple cancers with a disease-free period of ≤5 years (excluding carcinoma in situ, mucosal carcinoma, or other such carcinomas curatively treated with local therapy) 8. Patients with ≥Grade 2 hemorrhage according to NCI CTCAE v5.0 9. Patients who have previously received alvocidib or another cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor 10. Patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding 11. Female patients of childbearing potential who are sexually active and unwilling to use a medically acceptable method of contraception associated with a low failure rate prior to study entry, for the duration of study participation and for at least 6 months after the last dose of study drug. (Patients will be considered to be of childbearing potential unless surgically sterilized by hysterectomy, or bilateral tubal ligation / salphingectomy, or postmenopausal for at least 2 years.) 12. Male patients with partners of childbearing potential who are unwilling to use condoms in combination with a second effective method of contraception during the trial and for at least 3 months after the last administration of study treatment. 13. Patients who are inappropriate for participation in the study for other reasons in the opinion of the investigator or sub-investigator(s) 14. Patients with a known hypersensitivity to decitabine (those patients enrolled in escalation) or azacitidine or mannitol 15. Patients who have received erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) within 2 weeks (14 days) prior to Cycle 1/Day 1
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events | From the time of first dose to 30 days after the last dose, an average of 33.7 weeks. | Assessment of safety of alvocidib administered in combination with either decitabine (DEC) or azacitidine (AZA) by reporting of adverse events and serious adverse events |
| Tolerability of Alvocidib as Evaluated by Incidence of Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs) as Observed in Cycle 1 | Cycle 1 (28 days) | The DLTs are defined as follows based on the NCI CTCAE v5.0: Must be at least possibly related to Alvocidib; Any Gr 4 nonhematologic toxicity; Gr 3 nonhematologic toxicity that does not resolve to ≤Gr 2 in 48 hours; Gr 3 diarrhea, mucositis, nausea, or vomiting will be considered dose limiting only if resolution to ≤Gr 2 requires \>7 days; and ≥Grade 3 creatinine elevation that does not resolve to \<G2 within 7 days. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Determination of the Complete Response Rate | From the date of first treatment, every 8 weeks, for the first 6 cycles, for an average of 26 weeks | The calculation for Complete Response Rate is as follows: complete response \[CR\] / complete response with incomplete blood count recovery \[CRi\] / CRmarrow / partial response \[PR\] / hematologic improvement \[HI\] |
| Improvement in Transfusion Dependence | Duration of study treatment up to 6 months | Determine if treatment with alvocidib administered in sequence after DEC or AZA resulted in improvements in transfusion dependence |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Twenty subjects were enrolled between August 2018 and August 2021
Pre-assignment details
In phase 1b, patients were enrolled in cohorts of 3-6 patients. Escalation of alvocidib (ALV) dose followed standard 3+3 dosing with sequential cohorts of 3 patients treated at incrementally higher doses of alvocidib administered in sequence after fixed doses of decitabine (DEC) or azacitadine (AZA) until MTD is reached.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| ALV-DEC: Cohort 1 Decitabine is administered as a 1-hour intravenous (IV) infusion (IVI) daily days 1-5 at 20mg/m2; followed on day 8 by Alvocidib 20mg/m2 (30min bolus) and Alvocidib 20mg/m2 (4 hr IVI) | 3 |
| ALV-DEC: Cohort 2 Decitabine is administered as a 1-hour intravenous (IV) infusion (IVI) daily days 1-5 at 20mg/m2; followed on day 8 by Alvocidib 20mg/m2 (30min bolus) and Alvocidib 30mg/m2 (4 hr IVI) | 3 |
| ALV-DEC: Cohort 3 Decitabine is administered as a 1-hour intravenous (IV) infusion (IVI) daily days 1-5 at 20mg/m2; followed on day 8 by Alvocidib 20mg/m2 (30min bolus) and Alvocidib 45mg/m2 (4 hr IVI) | 3 |
| ALV-DEC: Cohort 4 Decitabine is administered as a 1-hour intravenous (IV) infusion (IVI) daily days 1-5 at 20mg/m2; followed on day 8 by Alvocidib 20mg/m2 (30min bolus) and Alvocidib 60mg/m2 (4 hr IVI) | 4 |
| ALV-AZA: Cohort 5 Azacitidine (AZA) administered on either a 7-day schedule or a 5-2-2 schedule (once daily for 5 days followed by 2 drug-free days with 2 more days of treatment) at 75mg/m2 per day subcutaneously or via IVI. Alvocidib (ALV) administered on day 10 at 75mg/m2 as a 30-60 minute IVI. | 3 |
| ALV-AZA: Cohort 6 Azacitidine (AZA) administered on either a 7-day schedule or a 5-2-2 schedule (once daily for 5 days followed by 2 drug-free days with 2 more days of treatment) at 75mg/m2 per day subcutaneously or via IVI. Alvocidib (ALV) administered on day 10 at 90mg/m2 as a 30-60 minute IVI. | 4 |
| Total | 20 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 | FG003 | FG004 | FG005 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Adverse Event | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Physician Decision | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | ALV-DEC: Cohort 2 | ALV-DEC: Cohort 3 | ALV-DEC: Cohort 4 | ALV-DEC: Cohort 1 | ALV-AZA: Cohort 5 | ALV-AZA: Cohort 6 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 1 Participants | 3 Participants | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 4 Participants | 16 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 2 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 18 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 2 Participants | 11 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk | EG004 affected / at risk | EG005 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 3 / 3 | 3 / 3 | 3 / 3 | 4 / 4 | 3 / 3 | 4 / 4 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 3 / 3 | 3 / 3 | 3 / 3 | 4 / 4 | 3 / 3 | 4 / 4 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 1 / 3 | 3 / 4 | 3 / 3 | 1 / 4 |
Outcome results
Primary
Number of Participants With Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
Assessment of safety of alvocidib administered in combination with either decitabine (DEC) or azacitidine (AZA) by reporting of adverse events and serious adverse events
Time frame: From the time of first dose to 30 days after the last dose, an average of 33.7 weeks.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| ALV-DEC: Cohort 1 | Number of Participants With Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events | 3 Participants |
| ALV-DEC: Cohort 2 | Number of Participants With Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events | 3 Participants |
| ALV-DEC: Cohort 3 | Number of Participants With Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events | 3 Participants |
| ALV-DEC: Cohort 4 | Number of Participants With Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events | 4 Participants |
| ALV-AZA: Cohort 5 | Number of Participants With Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events | 3 Participants |
| ALV-AZA: Cohort 6 | Number of Participants With Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events | 4 Participants |
Primary
Tolerability of Alvocidib as Evaluated by Incidence of Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs) as Observed in Cycle 1
The DLTs are defined as follows based on the NCI CTCAE v5.0: Must be at least possibly related to Alvocidib; Any Gr 4 nonhematologic toxicity; Gr 3 nonhematologic toxicity that does not resolve to ≤Gr 2 in 48 hours; Gr 3 diarrhea, mucositis, nausea, or vomiting will be considered dose limiting only if resolution to ≤Gr 2 requires \>7 days; and ≥Grade 3 creatinine elevation that does not resolve to \<G2 within 7 days.
Time frame: Cycle 1 (28 days)
Population: Sponsor's decision to terminate further development of the alvocidib program. Data collection and analysis were therefore not conducted as planned.
Secondary
Determination of the Complete Response Rate
The calculation for Complete Response Rate is as follows: complete response \[CR\] / complete response with incomplete blood count recovery \[CRi\] / CRmarrow / partial response \[PR\] / hematologic improvement \[HI\]
Time frame: From the date of first treatment, every 8 weeks, for the first 6 cycles, for an average of 26 weeks
Population: Sponsor's decision to terminate further development of the alvocidib program. Data collection and analysis were therefore not conducted as planned.
Secondary
Improvement in Transfusion Dependence
Determine if treatment with alvocidib administered in sequence after DEC or AZA resulted in improvements in transfusion dependence
Time frame: Duration of study treatment up to 6 months
Population: Sponsor's decision to terminate further development of the alvocidib program. Data collection and analysis were not conducted as planned.