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A Phase 2 Study of Cabozantinib in Japanese Participants With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A Phase 2, Open-Label, Single-Arm Study of Cabozantinib in Japanese Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Who Have Received Prior Systemic Anticancer Therapy

Status
Completed
Phases
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT03586973
Enrollment
34
Registered
2018-07-16
Start date
2018-08-06
Completion date
2021-06-29
Last updated
2023-04-18

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Brief summary

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cabozantinib in Japanese participants with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have received prior systemic anticancer therapy.

Detailed description

The drug being tested in this study is called Cabozantinib. Cabozantinib is being tested to treat advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in Japanese patients. This study will look at the efficacy and safety of Cabozantinib. The study will enroll approximately 34 patients. Participants will be assigned to Cohort A (at least 17 participants) or Cohort B (approximately 15 participants) and will receive the following treatment. Participants who have received prior sorafenib will enroll to Cohort A and participants who have not received prior sorafenib will enroll to Cohort B. \- Cabozantinib 60 mg All participants will be asked to take one tablet of cabozantinib once daily in the fasted state (dose at least 2 hours after meal and no more food intake for 1 hour postdose) throughout the study. This multi-center trial will be conducted in Japan. The overall time to participate in this study is approximately at most 3 years. Participants will make multiple visits to the clinic during the treatment and posttreatment period, including a follow-up assessment after last dose of study drug.

Interventions

DRUGCabozantinib

Cabozantinib tablet

Sponsors

Takeda
Lead SponsorINDUSTRY

Study design

Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

1. Male or female Japanese participants 20 years of age or older on the day of consent. 2. Histological or cytological diagnosis of HCC (results of a previous biopsy will be accepted). 3. Measurable disease per response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) 1.1 as determined by the investigator. 4. Participants who have disease that is not amenable to a curative treatment approach (eg, transplant, surgery, radiofrequency ablation). 5. Participants who have received 1 or 2 prior anticancer therapies for advanced HCC. * Cohort A: participants who have received prior sorafenib. * Cohort B: participants who have not received prior sorafenib. Note: Additional prior systemic therapies used as adjuvant or local therapy are allowed. 6. Radiographic progression following prior systemic anticancer therapy for advanced HCC. 7. Recovery to =\<Grade 1 Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 4.03 from toxicities related to any prior treatments, unless the Adverse Events (AEs) are clinically nonsignificant and/or stable on supportive therapy. 8. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 0 or 1, and life expectancy of at least 3 months. 9. Child-Pugh Score of A. 10. Adequate organ and marrow function at Screening (within 10 days before Week 1 Day 1): 1. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>=1,200/mm\^3. 2. Platelets \>=60,000/mm\^3. 3. Hemoglobin \>=8 g/dL. 4. Serum creatinine =\<1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN) or calculated creatinine clearance \>=40 mL/min using the Cockroft-Gault equation. 5. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) =\<1 mg/mg Cr. 6. Total bilirubin =\<2 mg/dL. 7. Serum albumin \>=2.8 g/dL. 8. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) =\<5.0 × ULN. 9. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) =\<8% (if HbA1c results are unavailable \[eg, hemoglobin variant\], a fasting serum glucose =\<160 mg/dL). 11. Antiviral therapy per local standard of care if active hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. 12. Female participants who: 1. Are postmenopausal (natural amenorrhea, not due to other medical reasons) for at least 1 year before the Screening visit, OR 2. Are surgically sterile, OR 3. If they are of childbearing potential, agree to practice 1 highly effective method of birth control with a condom, which is an effective barrier method of contraception, at the same time, from the time of signing the informed consent through 4 months after the last dose of study drug, OR 4. Agree to practice true abstinence, when this is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the participant, from the time of signing the informed consent through 4 months after the last dose of study drug. (Periodic abstinence \[eg, calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, postovulation methods\], condoms only, withdrawal, spermicides only, and lactational amenorrhea are not acceptable methods of contraception.) Male participants, even if surgically sterilized (ie, status postvasectomy), who: 5. Agree to practice effective barrier contraception during the entire study treatment period and through 4 months after the last dose of study drug. If their partner are of childbearing potential, their female partner should use 1 highly effective method of birth control at the same time, OR 6. Agree to practice true abstinence, when this is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the participant, from the time of signing the informed consent through 4 months after the last dose of study drug. (Periodic abstinence \[eg, calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, postovulation methods for the female partner\], condoms only, withdrawal, spermicides only, and lactational amenorrhea are not acceptable methods of contraception.) 13. Voluntary written consent must be given before performance of any study-related procedure not part of standard medical care, with the understanding that consent may be withdrawn by the participant at any time without prejudice to future medical care. 14. Participant is willing and able to adhere to the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements.

Exclusion criteria

1. Fibrolamellar carcinoma or mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma. 2. Any type of anticancer agent within 14 days before the first day of study drug administration (Week 1 Day 1). 3. Radiation therapy within 28 days (14 days for radiation for bone metastases) or radionuclide treatment (eg, I-131 or Y-90) within 42 days before Week 1 Day 1 (participant is excluded if there are any clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior radiation therapy). 4. Prior Cabozantinib treatment. 5. Treatment with any investigational products (excluding anticancer products approved in Japan) within 28 days before Week 1 Day 1. 6. Known brain metastases or cranial epidural disease unless adequately treated with radiotherapy and/or surgery (including radiosurgery) and stable for at least 3 months before Week 1 Day 1. Eligible participants must be without corticosteroid treatment at Week 1 Day 1. 7. Concomitant anticoagulation, with oral anticoagulants (eg, warfarin, direct thrombin and Factor Xa inhibitors) or platelet inhibitors (eg, clopidogrel). Note: Low-dose aspirin for prophylactic use (per local applicable guidelines) and low-dose, low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) are permitted (LMWH has not been approved for the use for cardioprotection in Japan). Anticoagulation with therapeutic doses of LMWH is allowed in participants without radiographic evidence of brain metastasis, who are on a stable dose of LMWH for at least 12 weeks before Week 1 Day 1, and who have had no complications from a thromboembolic event or the anticoagulation regimen. 8. Participants who have uncontrolled, significant intercurrent or recent illness including, but not limited to, the following conditions: 1. Cardiovascular disorders including * Symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, or serious cardiac arrhythmias. * Uncontrolled hypertension defined as sustained blood pressure (BP) \>150 mm Hg systolic, or \>100 mm Hg diastolic despite optimal antihypertensive treatment. * Stroke (including transient ischemic attack \[TIA\]), myocardial infarction, or other ischemic event within 6 months before Week 1 Day 1. * Thromboembolic event within 3 months before Week 1 Day 1. * A left-ventricular ejection fraction =\<50%. 2. Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders including those associated with a high risk of perforation or fistula formation: * Tumors invading the GI tract, active peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease (eg, Crohn's disease), diverticulitis, cholecystitis, symptomatic cholangitis or appendicitis, acute pancreatitis or acute obstruction of the pancreatic duct or common bile duct, or gastric outlet obstruction. * Abdominal fistula, GI perforation, bowel obstruction, intra-abdominal abscess within 6 months before Week 1 Day 1. Note: Complete healing of an intra-abdominal abscess must be confirmed prior to Week 1 Day 1. 3. Major surgery within 2 months before Week 1 Day 1. Complete healing from major surgery must have occurred 1 month before Week 1 Day 1. Complete healing from minor surgery (eg, simple excision, tooth extraction) must have occurred at least 7 days before Week 1 Day 1. Participants with clinically relevant complications from prior surgery are not eligible. 4. Cavitating pulmonary lesion(s) or endobronchial disease. 5. Lesion invading a major blood vessel including, but not limited to: inferior vena cava, pulmonary artery, or aorta. Participants with invasion or thromboses of portal/hepatic vasculature attributed to underlying liver disease and/or liver tumor are eligible. 6. Clinically significant bleeding risk including the following within 3 months before Week 1 Day 1: hematuria, hematemesis, hemoptysis of \>0.5 teaspoon (\>2.5 mL) of red blood, or other signs indicative of pulmonary hemorrhage, or history of other significant bleeding if not due to reversible external factors. 7. Other clinically significant disorders such as: * Active infection requiring systemic treatment. * Known infection with human immunodeficiency virus, or known acquired immunodeficiency syndrome -related illness. * Active hepatitis B and/or C. Participants with active hepatitis virus infection controlled with antiviral therapy are eligible. * Serious non-healing wound/ulcer/bone fracture. * Malabsorption syndrome. * Uncompensated/symptomatic hypothyroidism. * Requirement for hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. * History of solid organ transplantation. 9. Participants with untreated or incompletely treated varices with bleeding or high risk for bleeding. Participants treated with adequate endoscopic therapy (according to institutional standards) without any episodes of recurrent GI bleeding requiring transfusion or hospitalization for at least 6 months before Week 1 Day 1 are eligible. 10. Moderate or severe ascites. 11. Corrected QT interval calculated by the Fridericia formula (QTcF) \>500 msec within 14 days before Week 1 Day 1. Note: If the QTcF is \>500 msec in first electrocardiogram (ECG), a total of 3 ECGs each separated by at least 3 minutes should be performed within 30 minutes. If the average of these 3 consecutive results for QTcF is =\<500 msec, the participant meets eligibility in this regard. 12. Inability to swallow tablets. 13. Previously identified allergy or hypersensitivity to components of the study treatment formulations. 14. Female participants who are lactating and breastfeeding or have a positive serum pregnancy test during the Screening period. Note: Female participants who are in the lactation period, even if they discontinue breastfeeding, will be excluded from the study. 15. Previously diagnosed with another malignancy and have any evidence of residual disease within 2 years before Week 1 Day 1. Note: Participants with superficial skin cancers, or localized, low-grade tumors deemed cured and not treated with systemic therapy are not excluded. 16. Any serious medical or psychiatric illness that could, in the investigator's opinion, potentially interfere with the completion of treatment according to this protocol. 17. Known GI disease or GI procedure that could interfere with the oral absorption or tolerance of Cabozantinib. 18. Use of strong cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A inhibitors and CYP3A inducers within 14 days before Week 1 Day 1. 19. Admission or evidence of illicit drug use, drug abuse, or alcohol abuse.

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frameDescription
24-Week Progression-Free Survival Rate (PFSR)Week 25 Day 1 plus 7 days24-week PFSR=percentage of participants with progression-free survival (PFS) of at least 24 weeks at Week 25 Day 1 plus 7 days. PFS=time from first day of study drug administration to earlier of progressive disease (PD) or death due to any cause per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1(RECIST 1.1). PD=at least a 20% increase in sum of target lesion diameters (SoD) with reference to smallest(nadir) SoD. In addition to relative increase of 20%, SoD must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. For nontarget lesion time Point Response, unequivocal progression of nontarget lesions. Modest 'increase' in size of one or more nontarget lesions is usually not sufficient to quality for unequivocal progression status, it must not be representative of single lesion increase. Lesion in an anatomical location and not scanned at baseline is considered new lesion. Lesion qualifies as PD if finding is unequivocally not due to change in imaging technique or modality.

Secondary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Progression-Free Survival (PFS)Until disease progression, or death or end of study (Up to approximately 2.8 years)PFS was defined as time from the first day of study drug administration to the earlier of PD per RECIST 1.1 as assessed by IRC or death due to any cause. Per RECIST 1.1, for target lesion time point response, PD was defined at least a 20% increase in the SoD of target lesions, taking as a reference the smallest (nadir) SoD since (and including) baseline. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the SoD must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. For nontarget lesion time point response, unequivocal progression of nontarget lesions. A modest 'increase' in the size of one or more nontarget lesions is usually not sufficient to quality for unequivocal progression status. It must be representative of overall disease status change, not a single lesion increase. The lesion qualifies as a PD if the finding is unequivocally not due to a change in the imaging technique or modality.
Objective Response Rate (ORR)Up to approximately 2 yearsORR was defined as the percentage of participants whose best overall response was complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) per RECIST 1.1 as assessed by IRC, which was confirmed by a subsequent evaluation conducted \>= 28 days later. Per RECIST 1.1, for target lesion time point response, CR was defined disappearance of all target lesions. All pathological lymph nodes (whether target or nontarget) must have reduction in short axis to \<10 mm. For nontarget lesion time point response, disappearance of all nontarget lesions. All lymph nodes must be nonpathological in size (\<10 mm short axis); PR was defined as at least a 30% decrease in SoD of target lesions, taking as a reference the baseline SoD.
Disease Control Rate (DCR)Up to approximately 2 yearsDCR=percentage of participants whose best overall response is CR,PR or SD, per RECIST 1.1, CR and PR require confirmation by subsequent evaluation conducted \>=28 days later, and SD have to be maintained for at least 8 weeks after first day of study drug administration. CR=disappearance of all target lesions. All pathological lymph nodes (whether target or nontarget) must have reduction in short axis to \<10 mm. For nontarget lesion time point response, disappearance of all nontarget lesions. All lymph nodes must be nonpathological in size (\<10 mm short axis); PR=at least a 30% decrease in SoD of target lesions, taking as reference baseline SoD; SD=neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD; SoD must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm; PD=at least a 20% increase in SoD of target lesions, taking as a reference smallest (nadir) SoD.
Overall Survival (OS)Up to end of study (Up to approximately 2.8 years)OS was defined as time from the first day of study drug administration to death due to any cause. Participants without documentation of death were censored on the date they were last known to be alive.

Countries

Japan

Participant flow

Recruitment details

Participants took part in the study at 15 investigative sites in Japan from 06 August 2018 to 29 June 2021.

Pre-assignment details

Participants with a diagnosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were enrolled in this study in two Cohorts A and B. Participants who received prior sorafenib were enrolled in Cohort A and participants who received prior systemic anticancer therapy other than sorafenib were enrolled in Cohort B.

Participants by arm

ArmCount
Cohort A: Cabozantinib 60 mg
Participants who have received first/second line anticancer therapy with sorafenib were assigned to Cohort A and received cabozantinib 60 milligrams (mg), tablet, orally, once daily in the fasted state, up to approximately 2 years.
20
Cohort B: Cabozantinib 60 mg
Participants who did not receive first/second line anticancer therapy with sorafenib were assigned to Cohort B and received cabozantinib 60 mg, tablet orally, once daily in the fasted state, up to approximately 2 years.
14
Total34

Withdrawals & dropouts

PeriodReasonFG000FG001
Overall StudyDeath158
Overall StudyLost to Follow-up10
Overall StudySite Terminated by Sponsor36
Overall StudyWithdrawal by Subject10

Baseline characteristics

CharacteristicCohort A: Cabozantinib 60 mgCohort B: Cabozantinib 60 mgTotal
Age, Continuous72.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.32
71.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.13
72 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.01
Body Mass Index (BMI)23.34 kilogram per square meter (kg/m^2)
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.262
23.46 kilogram per square meter (kg/m^2)
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.894
23.39 kilogram per square meter (kg/m^2)
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.5
Child-Pugh Score: Grade A20 Participants14 Participants34 Participants
Current Etiology of Disease
Alcoholism
5 Participants5 Participants10 Participants
Current Etiology of Disease
Hepatitis B and C
0 Participants1 Participants1 Participants
Current Etiology of Disease
Hepatitis B (Regardless of Hepatitis C)
5 Participants2 Participants7 Participants
Current Etiology of Disease
Hepatitis B (Without Hepatitis C)
5 Participants1 Participants6 Participants
Current Etiology of Disease
Hepatitis C (Regardless of Hepatitis B)
7 Participants4 Participants11 Participants
Current Etiology of Disease
Hepatitis C (Without Hepatitis B)
7 Participants3 Participants10 Participants
Current Etiology of Disease
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
1 Participants2 Participants3 Participants
Current Etiology of Disease
Other
3 Participants2 Participants5 Participants
Current Etiology of Disease
Without Hepatitis B and C
8 Participants9 Participants17 Participants
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS): Grade 10 Participants3 Participants3 Participants
Extrahepatic Spread and/or Macrovascular Invasion
No presence
13 Participants8 Participants21 Participants
Extrahepatic Spread and/or Macrovascular Invasion
Presence
7 Participants6 Participants13 Participants
Height162.2 centimeter (cm)
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.31
165.4 centimeter (cm)
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.08
163.5 centimeter (cm)
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.88
History of Drinking Alcohol
Current Drinker
6 Participants5 Participants11 Participants
History of Drinking Alcohol
Former Drinker
10 Participants9 Participants19 Participants
History of Drinking Alcohol
Never Drunk
4 Participants0 Participants4 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Asian
20 Participants14 Participants34 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Not Hispanic or Latino
20 Participants14 Participants34 Participants
Region of Enrollment
Japan
20 Participants14 Participants34 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
3 Participants0 Participants3 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
17 Participants14 Participants31 Participants
Weight61.60 kilogram (kg)
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.123
64.54 kilogram (kg)
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.351
62.81 kilogram (kg)
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.042

Adverse events

Event typeEG000
affected / at risk
EG001
affected / at risk
deaths
Total, all-cause mortality
15 / 208 / 14
other
Total, other adverse events
20 / 2014 / 14
serious
Total, serious adverse events
7 / 202 / 14

Outcome results

Primary

24-Week Progression-Free Survival Rate (PFSR)

24-week PFSR=percentage of participants with progression-free survival (PFS) of at least 24 weeks at Week 25 Day 1 plus 7 days. PFS=time from first day of study drug administration to earlier of progressive disease (PD) or death due to any cause per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1(RECIST 1.1). PD=at least a 20% increase in sum of target lesion diameters (SoD) with reference to smallest(nadir) SoD. In addition to relative increase of 20%, SoD must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. For nontarget lesion time Point Response, unequivocal progression of nontarget lesions. Modest 'increase' in size of one or more nontarget lesions is usually not sufficient to quality for unequivocal progression status, it must not be representative of single lesion increase. Lesion in an anatomical location and not scanned at baseline is considered new lesion. Lesion qualifies as PD if finding is unequivocally not due to change in imaging technique or modality.

Time frame: Week 25 Day 1 plus 7 days

Population: Full Analysis Set (FAS) included participants who received at least one dose of study drug.

ArmMeasureValue (NUMBER)
Cohort A: Cabozantinib 60 mg24-Week Progression-Free Survival Rate (PFSR)59.8 percentage of participants
Cohort B: Cabozantinib 60 mg24-Week Progression-Free Survival Rate (PFSR)16.7 percentage of participants
Secondary

Disease Control Rate (DCR)

DCR=percentage of participants whose best overall response is CR,PR or SD, per RECIST 1.1, CR and PR require confirmation by subsequent evaluation conducted \>=28 days later, and SD have to be maintained for at least 8 weeks after first day of study drug administration. CR=disappearance of all target lesions. All pathological lymph nodes (whether target or nontarget) must have reduction in short axis to \<10 mm. For nontarget lesion time point response, disappearance of all nontarget lesions. All lymph nodes must be nonpathological in size (\<10 mm short axis); PR=at least a 30% decrease in SoD of target lesions, taking as reference baseline SoD; SD=neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD; SoD must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm; PD=at least a 20% increase in SoD of target lesions, taking as a reference smallest (nadir) SoD.

Time frame: Up to approximately 2 years

Population: FAS included participants who received at least one dose of study drug.

ArmMeasureValue (NUMBER)
Cohort A: Cabozantinib 60 mgDisease Control Rate (DCR)85.0 percentage of participants
Cohort B: Cabozantinib 60 mgDisease Control Rate (DCR)64.3 percentage of participants
Secondary

Objective Response Rate (ORR)

ORR was defined as the percentage of participants whose best overall response was complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) per RECIST 1.1 as assessed by IRC, which was confirmed by a subsequent evaluation conducted \>= 28 days later. Per RECIST 1.1, for target lesion time point response, CR was defined disappearance of all target lesions. All pathological lymph nodes (whether target or nontarget) must have reduction in short axis to \<10 mm. For nontarget lesion time point response, disappearance of all nontarget lesions. All lymph nodes must be nonpathological in size (\<10 mm short axis); PR was defined as at least a 30% decrease in SoD of target lesions, taking as a reference the baseline SoD.

Time frame: Up to approximately 2 years

Population: FAS included participants who received at least one dose of study drug.

ArmMeasureValue (NUMBER)
Cohort A: Cabozantinib 60 mgObjective Response Rate (ORR)5.0 percentage of participants
Cohort B: Cabozantinib 60 mgObjective Response Rate (ORR)0.0 percentage of participants
Secondary

Overall Survival (OS)

OS was defined as time from the first day of study drug administration to death due to any cause. Participants without documentation of death were censored on the date they were last known to be alive.

Time frame: Up to end of study (Up to approximately 2.8 years)

Population: FAS included participants who received at least one dose of study drug.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Cohort A: Cabozantinib 60 mgOverall Survival (OS)19.3 months
Cohort B: Cabozantinib 60 mgOverall Survival (OS)9.9 months
Secondary

Progression-Free Survival (PFS)

PFS was defined as time from the first day of study drug administration to the earlier of PD per RECIST 1.1 as assessed by IRC or death due to any cause. Per RECIST 1.1, for target lesion time point response, PD was defined at least a 20% increase in the SoD of target lesions, taking as a reference the smallest (nadir) SoD since (and including) baseline. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the SoD must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. For nontarget lesion time point response, unequivocal progression of nontarget lesions. A modest 'increase' in the size of one or more nontarget lesions is usually not sufficient to quality for unequivocal progression status. It must be representative of overall disease status change, not a single lesion increase. The lesion qualifies as a PD if the finding is unequivocally not due to a change in the imaging technique or modality.

Time frame: Until disease progression, or death or end of study (Up to approximately 2.8 years)

Population: FAS included participants who received at least one dose of study drug.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Cohort A: Cabozantinib 60 mgProgression-Free Survival (PFS)7.4 months
Cohort B: Cabozantinib 60 mgProgression-Free Survival (PFS)3.6 months

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 28, 2026