Estrogen Receptor-positive (ER+)/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER2)-Negative Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer
Conditions
Brief summary
This is a Phase II, multicenter, open-label, randomized study to compare the efficacy of venetoclax in combination with fulvestrant compared with fulvestrant alone in women with ER+, HER2-negative, locally advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) who experienced disease recurrence or progression during or after treatment with CDK4/6i therapy for at least 8 weeks. As of 9th October 2020, participants in the Venetoclax + Fulvestrant arm, have all discontinued Venetoclax treatment and have continued on Fulvestrant treatment alone.
Interventions
DRUGVenetoclax
Venetoclax was administered orally, 800-mg tablet beginning on Cycle 1 Day 1 until the 9th October 2020.
DRUGFulvestrant
Fulvestrant was administered orally, 500 mg administered as two 250-mg IM injections on Cycle 1 Days 1 and 15 and on Day 1 of each subsequent 28-day cycle
Sponsors
Hoffmann-La Roche
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Histological or cytological confirmation of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) invasive carcinoma of the breast. ER+, HER2- negative invasive carcinoma of the breast with evaluable sample for BCL-2 IHC value at the time of screening. Participants who were originally diagnosed with HER2-positive breast cancer that converted to HER2-negative MBC are not eligible. * Evidence of metastatic or locally advanced disease not amenable to surgical or local therapy with curative intent. * Be postmenopausal or pre- or perimenopausal women amenable to being treated with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist goserelin. * Participants must not have received more than two prior lines of hormonal therapy in the locally advanced or metastatic setting. In addition, at least one line of treatment must be a CDK4/6i AND participants must have experienced disease recurrence or progression during or after CDK4/6i therapy, which must have been administered for a minimum of 8 weeks prior to progression. * Participants for whom endocrine therapy (e.g., fulvestrant) is recommended and treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy is not indicated at the time of entry into the study, as per national or local treatment guidelines. * Women of childbearing potential (i.e., not postmenopausal for at least 12 months or surgically sterile) must have had a negative serum pregnancy test result at screening, within 14 days prior to the first study drug administration. * For women of childbearing potential: agreement to remain abstinent (refrain from heterosexual intercourse) or use non-hormonal contraceptive methods with a failure rate of \<1% per year during the treatment period and for up to 2 years after the last dose of study drug (or based on the local prescribing information for fulvestrant). Women must refrain from donating eggs during this same period. * Willing to provide tumor biopsy sample. * Had at least one measurable lesion via RECIST v1.1. * Had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Score of 0-1. * Had adequate organ and marrow function. * Had a life expectancy \> 3 months. * To full fill the coagulation requirements for patient with or without therapeutic anticoagulation.
Exclusion criteria
* Prior treatment with fulvestrant or other selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs), venetoclax, or any agent whose mechanism of action is to inhibit BCL-2. * Pregnant, lactating, or intending to become pregnant during the study. * Known untreated or active Central Nervous System (CNS) metastases (progressing or requiring anticonvulsants or corticosteroids for symptomatic control. * Prior chemotherapy in the locally advanced or metastatic setting regardless of the duration of the treatment. * Any anti-cancer therapy received within 21 days of the first dose of study drug, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, antineoplastic vaccines, or other investigational therapy. (Radiotherapy with palliative intent to non-target sites is allowed). * Concurrent radiotherapy to any site or prior radiotherapy within 21 days of Cycle 1 Day 1 or previous radiotherapy to the target lesion sites (the sites that are to be followed for determination of a response) or prior radiotherapy to \> 25% of bone marrow. * Current severe, uncontrolled, systemic disease (e.g., clinically significant cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic or infectious disease. * Any major surgery within 28 days of the first dose of study drug or anticipation of the need for major surgery during the course of study treatment. * Consumption of one or more of the following within 3 days prior to the first dose of study drug: Grapefruit or grapefruit products; Seville oranges including marmalade containing Seville oranges; Star fruit (carambola). * Administration within 7 days prior first dose of study treatment of Steroid therapy for anti-neoplastic intent, Strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitors or Strong or moderate CYP3A inducers. * Need for current chronic corticosteroid therapy (\> 10 mg of prednisone per day or an equivalent dose of other anti-inflammatory corticosteroids). * Known infection with (human immunodeficiency virus) HIV or human T-cell leukemia virus 1. * Known active bacterial, viral, fungal, mycobacterial, parasitic, or other infection (excluding fungal infections of nail beds) at study enrollment, or any major episode of infection requiring treatment with IV antibiotics or hospitalization (relating to the completion of the course of antibiotics) within 4 weeks prior to Cycle 1 Day). * Positive test results for hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody at screening. Participants who were positive for HCV antibody should have been negative for HCV by PCR to be eligible for study participation. Participants with a past or resolved hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (defined as having a positive total HBcAb and negative hepatitis B surface antigen \[HbsAg\]) may be included if HBV DNA is undetectable. These participants should have been willing to undergo monthly DNA testing. * Participants who had a positive HCV antibody test are eligible for the study if a PCR assay is negative for HCV RNA. * History of other malignancies within the past 5 years except for treated skin basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, non-malignant melanoma \<= 1.0 mm without ulceration, localized thyroid cancer, or cervical carcinoma in-situ. * Administration of a live, attenuated vaccine within 4 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment or anticipation of need for such a vaccine during the study. * Cardiopulmonary dysfunction. * Other medical or psychiatric conditions that, in the opinion of the investigatory, may interfere with the participant's participation in the study. * Inability or unwillingness to swallow pills or receive intramuscular (IM) injections. * History of malabsorption syndrome or other condition that would interfere with enteral absorption. * History of inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) or active bowel inflammation (e.g., diverticulitis). * Concurrent hormone replacement therapy. * Inability to comply with study and follow-up procedures. * History or active cardiopulmonary dysfunction. * Known hypersensitivity to any of the study medications (fulvestrant, venetoclax) or to any of the excipients.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Benefit Defined as Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR) or Stable Disease (SD) Lasting >= 24 Weeks, as Determined by the Investigator According to RECIST v1.1 | Randomization through till 6 months after the last participant is enrolled into the study (up to approximately 23 months) | Clinical Benefit was defined as CR, PR, or SD lasting more than equal to 24 weeks from randomization in participants with measurable disease at baseline, as determined by the investigator according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST) v1.1. Per RECIST v1.1 for target lesions assessed by CT or MRI: CR, Disappearance of all target lesions; PR, PR \>= 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions (TL) taking as reference the baseline sum of diameters; SD, neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for Disease Progression (PD), PD\>= 20% increase in the sum of diameters of TL taking as reference the smallest sum on study(Nadir). In addition to the relative increase of 20% sum must have demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5mm. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Objective Response (OR) | Randomization through till 6 months after the last participant is enrolled into the study (up to approximately 23 months) | OR was defined as CR or PR, in participants with measurable disease at baseline as determined by the investigator according to RECIST v1.1. |
| Duration of Response (DOR) | Time from first occurrence of a documented objective response to the first documented disease progression or death from any cause, whichever occurs first, until 6 months after the last participant is enrolled in the study (up to approximately 23 months) | DOR was defined as the time from the first occurrence of a documented objective response to the time of the first documented disease progression (as determined by the investigator according to RECIST v1.1) or death from any cause, whichever occurs first. |
| Overall Survival (OS) | Randomization to death from any cause, through till the end of the study (up to approximately 32 months) | OS was defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause. |
| Progression Free Survival (PFS) | Randomization through till 6 months after the last participant is enrolled into the study (up to approximately 23 months) | PFS was defined as the time from randomization to the first occurrence of disease progression (as determined by the investigator according to RECIST v1.1) or death from any cause, whichever occurs first. |
| Plasma Concentrations of Venetoclax | Cycle 1 Day 1: 4 hours (hrs) post-dose; Cycle 2 Day 1: pre-dose (within 1 hr) and 2, 4, 6, 8 hrs post-dose; any time during visits up to study drug discontinuation/Early Termination (up to approximately 32 months) | — |
| Plasma Concentrations of Fulvestrant (in Presence of Venetoclax) | Cycle 2 Day 1: pre-dose (within 1 hr); Cycle 6 Day 1: pre-dose (within 1 hr); any time during visits up to study drug discontinuation/Early Termination (up to approximately 32 months) | — |
| Plasma Concentrations of Fulvestrant (in Absence of Venetoclax) | Cycle 2 Day 1: pre-dose (within 1 hr); any time during visits up to study drug discontinuation/Early Termination (up to approximately 32 months) | — |
| Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) | Baseline up until 28 days after the last dose of study drug (venetoclax or fulvestrant, whichever is later) up to approximately 32 months | An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with the treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including abnormal laboratory values or abnormal clinical test results), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a pharmaceutical product, whether or not considered related to the pharmaceutical product. Preexisting conditions which worsen during a study were also considered as AEs. |
Countries
Australia, Canada, Germany, United Kingdom, United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
The study was conducted at 38 centers in 5 countries.
Pre-assignment details
A total of 103 participants were randomized in this study. Of these, 101 participants received at least one dose of any study drug.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant Participants were administered Venetoclax 800mg orally QD and Fulvestrant 500mg IM on Day 1 and 15 of Cycle 1 and Day 1 of subsequent cycles (Cycle length = 28 days). | 51 |
| Fulvestrant Participants were administered Fulvestrant 500mg only IM on Day 1 and 15 of Cycle 1 and Day 1 of subsequent cycles (Cycle length = 28 days). | 52 |
| Total | 103 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Death | 25 | 18 |
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Physician Decision | 1 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Study Terminated by Sponsor | 22 | 30 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 3 | 2 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Fulvestrant | Total | Venetoclax + Fulvestrant |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 58.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.7 | 58.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.1 | 57.4 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.6 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 3 Participants | 4 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 46 Participants | 93 Participants | 47 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 3 Participants | 6 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 3 Participants | 9 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 2 Participants | 5 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 46 Participants | 86 Participants | 40 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 52 Participants | 103 Participants | 51 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 26 / 51 | 18 / 52 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 45 / 50 | 34 / 51 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 4 / 50 | 2 / 51 |
Outcome results
Primary
Clinical Benefit Defined as Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR) or Stable Disease (SD) Lasting >= 24 Weeks, as Determined by the Investigator According to RECIST v1.1
Clinical Benefit was defined as CR, PR, or SD lasting more than equal to 24 weeks from randomization in participants with measurable disease at baseline, as determined by the investigator according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST) v1.1. Per RECIST v1.1 for target lesions assessed by CT or MRI: CR, Disappearance of all target lesions; PR, PR \>= 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions (TL) taking as reference the baseline sum of diameters; SD, neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for Disease Progression (PD), PD\>= 20% increase in the sum of diameters of TL taking as reference the smallest sum on study(Nadir). In addition to the relative increase of 20% sum must have demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5mm.
Time frame: Randomization through till 6 months after the last participant is enrolled into the study (up to approximately 23 months)
Population: The Baseline Measurable Disease Population represented all randomized participants with measurable disease at baseline.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant | Clinical Benefit Defined as Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR) or Stable Disease (SD) Lasting >= 24 Weeks, as Determined by the Investigator According to RECIST v1.1 | 11.8 Percentage of Participants |
| Fulvestrant | Clinical Benefit Defined as Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR) or Stable Disease (SD) Lasting >= 24 Weeks, as Determined by the Investigator According to RECIST v1.1 | 13.7 Percentage of Participants |
p-value: 0.728695% CI: [-16.86, 12.94]Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel
Secondary
Duration of Response (DOR)
DOR was defined as the time from the first occurrence of a documented objective response to the time of the first documented disease progression (as determined by the investigator according to RECIST v1.1) or death from any cause, whichever occurs first.
Time frame: Time from first occurrence of a documented objective response to the first documented disease progression or death from any cause, whichever occurs first, until 6 months after the last participant is enrolled in the study (up to approximately 23 months)
Population: Only participants with a documented objective response were analysed for this Outcome Measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant | Duration of Response (DOR) | NA Months |
| Fulvestrant | Duration of Response (DOR) | 3.61 Months |
Secondary
Objective Response (OR)
OR was defined as CR or PR, in participants with measurable disease at baseline as determined by the investigator according to RECIST v1.1.
Time frame: Randomization through till 6 months after the last participant is enrolled into the study (up to approximately 23 months)
Population: The Baseline Measurable Disease Population represented all randomized participants with measurable disease at baseline.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant | Objective Response (OR) | 3.9 Percentage of Participants |
| Fulvestrant | Objective Response (OR) | 5.9 Percentage of Participants |
p-value: 0.597895% CI: [-12.29, 8.37]Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel
Secondary
Overall Survival (OS)
OS was defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause.
Time frame: Randomization to death from any cause, through till the end of the study (up to approximately 32 months)
Population: ITT population included all randomized participants whether or not they were assigned to the arm where the study treatment was administered.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant | Overall Survival (OS) | 19.71 Months |
| Fulvestrant | Overall Survival (OS) | NA Months |
p-value: 0.040395% CI: [1.02, 3.43]Log Rank
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)
An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with the treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including abnormal laboratory values or abnormal clinical test results), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a pharmaceutical product, whether or not considered related to the pharmaceutical product. Preexisting conditions which worsen during a study were also considered as AEs.
Time frame: Baseline up until 28 days after the last dose of study drug (venetoclax or fulvestrant, whichever is later) up to approximately 32 months
Population: Safety-evaluable population which included all participants who received any amount of any component of the investigational or non-investigational study treatments.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant | Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) | 94.0 Percentage of Participants |
| Fulvestrant | Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) | 76.5 Percentage of Participants |
Secondary
Plasma Concentrations of Fulvestrant (in Absence of Venetoclax)
Time frame: Cycle 2 Day 1: pre-dose (within 1 hr); any time during visits up to study drug discontinuation/Early Termination (up to approximately 32 months)
Population: PK evaluable population included all participants who received at least one dose of the study drugs (either venetoclax or fulvestrant) and had evaluable PK data. Number of participants analyzed is the number of participants analyzed for this outcome measure. Number analyzed is the number of participants with data available for analyses at the given time-point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant | Plasma Concentrations of Fulvestrant (in Absence of Venetoclax) | Cycle 2 Day 1: pre-dose | 0.0103 μg/mL | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 29.4 |
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant | Plasma Concentrations of Fulvestrant (in Absence of Venetoclax) | Treatment discontinuation visit | 0.0139 μg/mL | — |
Secondary
Plasma Concentrations of Fulvestrant (in Presence of Venetoclax)
Time frame: Cycle 2 Day 1: pre-dose (within 1 hr); Cycle 6 Day 1: pre-dose (within 1 hr); any time during visits up to study drug discontinuation/Early Termination (up to approximately 32 months)
Population: PK evaluable population included all participants who received at least one dose of the study drugs (either venetoclax or fulvestrant) and had evaluable PK data. Number analyzed is the number of participants with data available for analyses at the given time-point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant | Plasma Concentrations of Fulvestrant (in Presence of Venetoclax) | Cycle 2 Day 1: pre-dose | 0.0129 μg/mL | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 37.1 |
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant | Plasma Concentrations of Fulvestrant (in Presence of Venetoclax) | Cycle 6 Day 1: pre-dose | 0.0145 μg/mL | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 31.8 |
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant | Plasma Concentrations of Fulvestrant (in Presence of Venetoclax) | Treatment discontinuation visit | 0.00985 μg/mL | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 29.1 |
Secondary
Plasma Concentrations of Venetoclax
Time frame: Cycle 1 Day 1: 4 hours (hrs) post-dose; Cycle 2 Day 1: pre-dose (within 1 hr) and 2, 4, 6, 8 hrs post-dose; any time during visits up to study drug discontinuation/Early Termination (up to approximately 32 months)
Population: Pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluable population included all participants who received at least one dose of the study drugs (either venetoclax or fulvestrant) and had evaluable PK data. Number analyzed is the number of participants with data available for analyses at the given time-point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant | Plasma Concentrations of Venetoclax | Cycle 1 Day 1: 4 hrs post-dose | 1.78 Micrograms per Milliliters (μg/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 61.8 |
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant | Plasma Concentrations of Venetoclax | Cycle 2 Day 1: pre-dose | 1.04 Micrograms per Milliliters (μg/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 85.4 |
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant | Plasma Concentrations of Venetoclax | Cycle 2 Day 1: 2 hrs post-dose | 1.45 Micrograms per Milliliters (μg/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 74.1 |
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant | Plasma Concentrations of Venetoclax | Cycle 2 Day 1: 4 hrs post-dose | 2.51 Micrograms per Milliliters (μg/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 57.2 |
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant | Plasma Concentrations of Venetoclax | Cycle 2 Day 1: 6 hrs post-dose | 3.32 Micrograms per Milliliters (μg/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 56.4 |
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant | Plasma Concentrations of Venetoclax | Cycle 2 Day 1: 8 hrs post-dose | 3.55 Micrograms per Milliliters (μg/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 57.8 |
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant | Plasma Concentrations of Venetoclax | Treatment discontinuation visit | 0.0112 Micrograms per Milliliters (μg/mL) | — |
Secondary
Progression Free Survival (PFS)
PFS was defined as the time from randomization to the first occurrence of disease progression (as determined by the investigator according to RECIST v1.1) or death from any cause, whichever occurs first.
Time frame: Randomization through till 6 months after the last participant is enrolled into the study (up to approximately 23 months)
Population: ITT population included all randomized participants whether or not they were assigned to the arm where the study treatment was administered.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Venetoclax + Fulvestrant | Progression Free Survival (PFS) | 2.69 Months |
| Fulvestrant | Progression Free Survival (PFS) | 1.94 Months |
p-value: 0.785395% CI: [0.61, 1.45]Regression, Cox