Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the Squares Test in Measuring Hand Function in Parkinson's Disease

Status

Completed

Phases

Unknown

Study type

Observational

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT03580486

Enrollment

107

Registered

2018-07-09

Start date

2014-12-19

Completion date

2015-08-17

Last updated

2018-07-09

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Parkinson Disease

Keywords

Parkinson's Disease, Hand Function, Squares Test

Brief summary

The first aim of the present study was to investigate reliability, validity and responsiveness to the minimal clinically important difference, which is defined as the smallest change in score corresponding to clinically meaningful change realized by patient, of the squares test in people with PD. The second aim of the study is to determine the relationship between hand function and both trunk control and balance in PD population.

Detailed description

At baseline, the ST, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) Scale, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) was applied to the PS group when the patients were on period. The ST was repeated after seven days from the first application when PD group were on period to evaluate its reliability.

Interventions

OTHERThe squares test

The squares test (ST) originally used in handedness is modified. The ST is a reliable, not time-consuming and easy to administer test for evaluated hand function.

Study design

Observational model

CASE_CONTROL

Time perspective

CROSS_SECTIONAL

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

ALL

Age

40 Years to No maximum

Healthy volunteers

Yes

Inclusion criteria

* at least 40 years of age * neurologist-diagnosed idiopathic PD (using UK Brain Bank criteria) * Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) stages 1 to 4 * Mini-Mental State Examination ≥ 22/30 (literate and with 5 or more years of education) and ≥18/30 (illiterate and with less than 5 years of education) * living in the community

Exclusion criteria

* individuals with other major diseases (e.g., cancer, stroke, epilepsy, dementia, and severe rheumatoid arthritis) * preexisting disabilities * visual impairments * diagnosis of atypical Parkinsonism * H&Y stage 5 * previous surgical management of PD

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
The Squares Test	2 minutes	The Squares Test is used to evaluate hand function.

Secondary

Measure	Time frame	Description
The Nine-Hole Peg Test	2 minutes	The Nine-Hole Peg Test is used to evaluate hand function.
Berg Balance Scale	15 minutes	Functional balance performance was assessed with the Berg Balance scale.
Trunk Impairment Scale	20 minutes	Trunk control was assessed by the Trunk Impairment Scale.

Outcome results

None listed

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026