Diabetes Mellitus
Conditions
Keywords
Diabetes mellitus, Glycemic control, Lipid profile, Kidney profile, Uric acid
Brief summary
This study aims to compare uric acid, lipid, and kidney profile along with management and complications of Indonesian diabetic patients with good and poor glycemic control based on glycated hemoglobin profile.
Detailed description
Adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) with type 2 diabetes which are diagnosed under ICD-10 coding of E-11 were included in this study. The inclusion criteria are patients with primary diagnosis of E11and have visited the clinic at least twice with a complete record of glucose, uric acid, lipid and kidney profile. Participants were grouped into 2 groups - good and poor glycemic control based on their glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Good glycemic control is defined according to the American Diabetes Association and the Indonesian Association of Endocrinologists (PERKENI) cut off of HbA1c \< 7.0. Data such as age, sex, ethnic, education, BMI, glucose, uric acid, lipid, and kidney profile as well as comorbidities and type of drug used were collected from the patients' medical records. Comorbid conditions were defined as either concomitant hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, hyperuricemia, or combinations of them as diagnosed in the medical records. Diabetic complications of interest include macrovascular (heart disease, stroke), microvascular (nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy) and a combination of both as well as infection (urinary tract infection, pneumonia). These complications were also based on the medical records. Management modalities included were lifestyle modification, use of oral antidiabetic medications or insulin, or both.
Interventions
OTHERNo intervention
No intervention
Sponsors
Hermina Podomoro Hospital
Tarumanagara University
Study design
Observational model
OTHER
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Inclusion criteria
* Clinical diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes * Must have visited the clinic at least twice, one before and one post-therapy
Exclusion criteria
* Type 1 Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes and other secondary diabetes types * Unavailability of HbA1c results - pre and post-therapy * Incomplete records of glucose, uric acid, lipid and kidney profile, comorbidities and management.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Lipid Profile | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. |
| Kidney Profile | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | Urea, Creatinine levels and Proteinuria |
| Uric Acid | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | Uric Acid Levels |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Management | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | Management modalities included were lifestyle modification, use of oral antidiabetic medications or insulin, or both. |
| Comorbidities | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | Comorbid conditions were defined as either concomitant hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, hyperuricemia, or combinations of them. Diabetic complications of interest include macrovascular (heart disease, stroke), microvascular (nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy) and a combination of both as well as infection (urinary tract infection, pneumonia). |
Outcome results
None listed