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Study of Adjunctive Ganaxolone Treatment in Children and Young Adults With CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder

A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of Adjunctive Ganaxolone Treatment in Children and Young Adults With Cyclin-dependent Kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) Deficiency Disorder (CDD) Followed by Long-term Open-label Treatment

Status
Completed
Phases
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT03572933
Acronym
Marigold
Enrollment
101
Registered
2018-06-28
Start date
2018-06-30
Completion date
2021-05-28
Last updated
2023-04-14

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder

Keywords

refractory seizures, genetic pediatric encephalopathies, epilepsy in children, seizure disorder

Brief summary

A clinical study to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of adjunctive ganaxolone therapy compared to placebo for the treatment of seizures in children and young adults with genetically confirmed CDKL5 gene mutation.

Detailed description

The Marigold Study is a global, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 clinical trial that will enroll approximately 70 patients between the ages of 2 and 21 with a confirmed disease-related CDKL5 gene variant. Patients will undergo a baseline period before being randomized to receive, in addition to their existing anti-seizure treatment, either ganaxolone or placebo for 17 weeks. Following the treatment period, all patients that meet certain eligibility requirements will have the opportunity to receive ganaxolone in the open label phase of the study. The study's primary efficacy endpoint is percent reduction in seizures. Secondary outcome measures will include non-seizure-related endpoints to capture certain behavioral and sleep disturbances that have been seen in previous clinical studies with ganaxolone.

Interventions

DRUGganaxolone

active drug

DRUGPlacebo

inactive

Sponsors

Marinus Pharmaceuticals
Lead SponsorINDUSTRY

Study design

Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)

Intervention model description

The double-blind phase will randomize subjects to adjunctive ganaxolone or placebo at a 1:1 ratio to standard of care

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
2 Years to 21 Years
Healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

* Genetically confirmed CDKL5 gene mutation, seizure onset by 1 year of age and lack of independent ambulation by 2 years of age * Failure to control seizures despite 2 or more anti-seizure medications * At least 16 seizures per 28 days of primary seizure types * On a stable regimen of 0-4 anti-seizure medications (Vagus nerve stimulator, ketogenic diet, and modified Atkins diet do not count towards this limit) * Additional Inclusion Criteria apply and can be discussed with study team

Exclusion criteria

* Previous exposure to ganaxolone * West Syndrome with hypsarrhythmia pattern on EEG or seizures predominantly of Infantile Spasms type * Use of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), prednisone or other glucocorticoid or use of moderate or strong inducers or inhibitors of CYP3A4/5/7 are prohibited * Use of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or cannabidiol (CBD) is prohibited during the double-blind phase, unless patient has a prescription of Epidiolex® * Exposure to any other investigational drug within 30 days or fewer than 5 half-lives prior to screening * Plasma allopregnanolone-sulfate (Allo-S) levels greater than or equal to 6.0 ng/ml at screening visit * Additional

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Summary of 28-day Seizure Frequency for Major Motor Seizure TypesEnd of the double-blind 17 week treatment periodSummary of 28-day seizure frequency for Major Motor Seizure Types during the double-blind treatment period relative to the 6-week prospective baseline period Note: Summaries are based on the sum of the individual seizures, the countable seizures, and the clusters with uncountable seizures (each cluster with uncountable seizures counts as 1 seizure). Within the baseline and post baseline intervals, 28-day seizure frequency was calculated as the total number of seizures in the interval divided by the number of days with available seizure data in the interval, multiplied by 28.

Secondary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Caregiver Global Impression of Change in Target BehaviorEnd of the double-blind 17 week treatment periodCaregiver global impression of change in target behavior during the double-blind treatment period of ganaxolone compared to placebo. Investigators and caregivers reported improvements in attention, mood, behavior and sleep via investigator narratives.
Clinical Global Impression of Improvement - Parent/CaregiverEnd of the double-blind 17 week treatment periodClinical global impression of improvement during the double-blind treatment period of ganaxolone compared to placebo. The CGI is rated on a 7-point scale, with the severity of illness scale using a range of responses.
Clinical Global Impression of Improvement - Clinician[Time Frame: End of the double-blind 17 week treatment period]Clinical global impression of improvement during the double-blind treatment period of ganaxolone compared to placebo
Caregiver Global Impression of Change in AttentionEnd of the double-blind 17 week treatment periodCaregiver global impression of change in attention during the double-blind treatment period of ganaxolone compared to placebo. Investigators and caregivers reported improvements in attention, mood, behavior and sleep via investigator narratives
Arithmetic Change in Longest Seizure Free Interval, Based on Primary Seizure TypesEnd of the double-blind 17 week treatment periodArithmetic change in longest seizure free interval, based on primary seizure types during the double-blind treatment period of ganaxolone compared to placebo
Caregiver Global Impression of Change in Seizure Intensity and DurationEnd of the double-blind 17 week treatment periodCaregiver global impression of change in seizure intensity and duration during the double-blind treatment period of ganaxolone compared to placebo. CGI-C is a 7 point scale that requires the clinician to assess how much the patient's illness has improved or worsened relative to a baseline state at the beginning of the intervention.
Percentage of Seizure-free Days for Major Motor Seizure TypesEnd of the double-blind 17 week treatment periodPercentage of Seizure-free Days for Major Motor Seizure types during the double-blind treatment period of ganaxolone compared to placebo. The major motor seizure types include bilateral tonic (sustained motor activity = 3 seconds), generalized tonic-clonic, atonic/drop, bilateral clonic, and focal to bilateral tonic-clonic.

Countries

Australia, France, Israel, Italy, Poland, Russia, United Kingdom, United States

Participant flow

Participants by arm

ArmCount
Placebo
placebo suspension 3x's /day for 17 weeks Placebo: inactive
51
Ganaxolone
ganaxolone suspension (50 mg/ml) 3x's /day for 17 weeks ganaxolone: active drug
50
Total101

Withdrawals & dropouts

PeriodReasonFG000FG001
Overall StudyAdverse Event41
Overall StudyWithdrawal by Subject01

Baseline characteristics

CharacteristicGanaxoloneTotalPlacebo
Age, Continuous6.78 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.705
7.26 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.547
7.73 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.382
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
4 Participants10 Participants6 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
44 Participants87 Participants43 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
2 Participants4 Participants2 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
2 Participants5 Participants3 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
2 Participants3 Participants1 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
46 Participants93 Participants47 Participants
Region of Enrollment
Australia
4 participants6 participants2 participants
Region of Enrollment
France
3 participants6 participants3 participants
Region of Enrollment
Israel
0 participants1 participants1 participants
Region of Enrollment
Italy
9 participants15 participants6 participants
Region of Enrollment
Poland
5 participants10 participants5 participants
Region of Enrollment
Russia
7 participants14 participants7 participants
Region of Enrollment
United Kingdom
4 participants7 participants3 participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
18 participants42 participants24 participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
39 Participants80 Participants41 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
11 Participants21 Participants10 Participants

Adverse events

Event typeEG000
affected / at risk
EG001
affected / at risk
deaths
Total, all-cause mortality
0 / 510 / 50
other
Total, other adverse events
45 / 5143 / 50
serious
Total, serious adverse events
5 / 516 / 50

Outcome results

Primary

Summary of 28-day Seizure Frequency for Major Motor Seizure Types

Summary of 28-day seizure frequency for Major Motor Seizure Types during the double-blind treatment period relative to the 6-week prospective baseline period Note: Summaries are based on the sum of the individual seizures, the countable seizures, and the clusters with uncountable seizures (each cluster with uncountable seizures counts as 1 seizure). Within the baseline and post baseline intervals, 28-day seizure frequency was calculated as the total number of seizures in the interval divided by the number of days with available seizure data in the interval, multiplied by 28.

Time frame: End of the double-blind 17 week treatment period

Population: ITT Population

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEDIAN)
PlaceboSummary of 28-day Seizure Frequency for Major Motor Seizure TypesBaseline (Median)49.17 Seizures per day
PlaceboSummary of 28-day Seizure Frequency for Major Motor Seizure Types17 week-post baseline phase (Median)55.50 Seizures per day
GanaxoloneSummary of 28-day Seizure Frequency for Major Motor Seizure TypesBaseline (Median)54.00 Seizures per day
GanaxoloneSummary of 28-day Seizure Frequency for Major Motor Seizure Types17 week-post baseline phase (Median)45.03 Seizures per day
Secondary

Arithmetic Change in Longest Seizure Free Interval, Based on Primary Seizure Types

Arithmetic change in longest seizure free interval, based on primary seizure types during the double-blind treatment period of ganaxolone compared to placebo

Time frame: End of the double-blind 17 week treatment period

Population: Intent to Treat Population

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
PlaceboArithmetic Change in Longest Seizure Free Interval, Based on Primary Seizure Types-4.63 daysStandard Deviation 14.867
GanaxoloneArithmetic Change in Longest Seizure Free Interval, Based on Primary Seizure Types-0.02 daysStandard Deviation 9.376
Secondary

Caregiver Global Impression of Change in Attention

Caregiver global impression of change in attention during the double-blind treatment period of ganaxolone compared to placebo. Investigators and caregivers reported improvements in attention, mood, behavior and sleep via investigator narratives

Time frame: End of the double-blind 17 week treatment period

Population: Per Protocol Population

ArmMeasureGroupValue (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in AttentionMinimally Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)14 Participants
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in AttentionMinimally Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)1 Participants
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in AttentionMuch Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)7 Participants
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in AttentionMuch Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)1 Participants
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in AttentionNo Change - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)23 Participants
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in AttentionVery Much Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)0 Participants
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in AttentionVery Much Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)1 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in AttentionVery Much Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)1 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in AttentionVery Much Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)1 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in AttentionMuch Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)2 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in AttentionMinimally Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)21 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in AttentionNo Change - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)18 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in AttentionMinimally Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)1 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in AttentionMuch Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)1 Participants
Secondary

Caregiver Global Impression of Change in Seizure Intensity and Duration

Caregiver global impression of change in seizure intensity and duration during the double-blind treatment period of ganaxolone compared to placebo. CGI-C is a 7 point scale that requires the clinician to assess how much the patient's illness has improved or worsened relative to a baseline state at the beginning of the intervention.

Time frame: End of the double-blind 17 week treatment period

Population: Intent to Treat Population

ArmMeasureGroupValue (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Seizure Intensity and DurationMinimally Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)11 Participants
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Seizure Intensity and Duration4Minimally Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)5 Participants
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Seizure Intensity and DurationMuch Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)5 Participants
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Seizure Intensity and DurationMuch Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)4 Participants
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Seizure Intensity and DurationNo Change - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)21 Participants
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Seizure Intensity and DurationVery Much Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)0 Participants
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Seizure Intensity and DurationVery Much Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)1 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Seizure Intensity and DurationVery Much Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)2 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Seizure Intensity and DurationVery Much Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)2 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Seizure Intensity and DurationMuch Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)15 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Seizure Intensity and DurationMinimally Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)11 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Seizure Intensity and DurationNo Change - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)10 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Seizure Intensity and Duration4Minimally Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)3 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Seizure Intensity and DurationMuch Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)2 Participants
Secondary

Caregiver Global Impression of Change in Target Behavior

Caregiver global impression of change in target behavior during the double-blind treatment period of ganaxolone compared to placebo. Investigators and caregivers reported improvements in attention, mood, behavior and sleep via investigator narratives.

Time frame: End of the double-blind 17 week treatment period

Population: Intent to Treat Population

ArmMeasureGroupValue (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Target BehaviorMinimally Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)14 Participants
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Target BehaviorMinimally Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)1 Participants
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Target BehaviorMuch Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)6 Participants
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Target BehaviorMuch Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)2 Participants
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Target BehaviorNo Change - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)22 Participants
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Target BehaviorVery Much Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)1 Participants
PlaceboCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Target BehaviorVery Much Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)0 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Target BehaviorVery Much Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)0 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Target BehaviorVery Much Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)0 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Target BehaviorMuch Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)4 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Target BehaviorMinimally Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)20 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Target BehaviorNo Change - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)19 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Target BehaviorMinimally Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)2 Participants
GanaxoloneCaregiver Global Impression of Change in Target BehaviorMuch Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17)0 Participants
Secondary

Clinical Global Impression of Improvement - Clinician

Clinical global impression of improvement during the double-blind treatment period of ganaxolone compared to placebo

Time frame: [Time Frame: End of the double-blind 17 week treatment period]

Population: ITT Population

ArmMeasureGroupValue (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
PlaceboClinical Global Impression of Improvement - ClinicianMuch Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Clinician0 Participants
PlaceboClinical Global Impression of Improvement - ClinicianVery Much Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Clinician0 Participants
PlaceboClinical Global Impression of Improvement - ClinicianMuch Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Clinician7 Participants
PlaceboClinical Global Impression of Improvement - ClinicianMinimally Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Clinician13 Participants
PlaceboClinical Global Impression of Improvement - ClinicianNo Change - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Clinician19 Participants
PlaceboClinical Global Impression of Improvement - ClinicianMinimally Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Clinician9 Participants
PlaceboClinical Global Impression of Improvement - ClinicianVery Much Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Clinician0 Participants
GanaxoloneClinical Global Impression of Improvement - ClinicianMuch Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Clinician3 Participants
GanaxoloneClinical Global Impression of Improvement - ClinicianNo Change - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Clinician16 Participants
GanaxoloneClinical Global Impression of Improvement - ClinicianVery Much Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Clinician0 Participants
GanaxoloneClinical Global Impression of Improvement - ClinicianVery Much Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Clinician1 Participants
GanaxoloneClinical Global Impression of Improvement - ClinicianMuch Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Clinician7 Participants
GanaxoloneClinical Global Impression of Improvement - ClinicianMinimally Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Clinician2 Participants
GanaxoloneClinical Global Impression of Improvement - ClinicianMinimally Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Clinician19 Participants
Secondary

Clinical Global Impression of Improvement - Parent/Caregiver

Clinical global impression of improvement during the double-blind treatment period of ganaxolone compared to placebo. The CGI is rated on a 7-point scale, with the severity of illness scale using a range of responses.

Time frame: End of the double-blind 17 week treatment period

Population: Intent to Treat Population

ArmMeasureGroupValue (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
PlaceboClinical Global Impression of Improvement - Parent/CaregiverMinimally Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Parent/Caregiver13 Participants
PlaceboClinical Global Impression of Improvement - Parent/CaregiverMinimally Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Parent/Caregiver4 Participants
PlaceboClinical Global Impression of Improvement - Parent/CaregiverMuch Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Parent/Caregiver7 Participants
PlaceboClinical Global Impression of Improvement - Parent/CaregiverMuch Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Parent/Caregiver1 Participants
PlaceboClinical Global Impression of Improvement - Parent/CaregiverNo Change - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Parent/Caregiver22 Participants
PlaceboClinical Global Impression of Improvement - Parent/CaregiverVery Much Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Parent/Caregiver0 Participants
PlaceboClinical Global Impression of Improvement - Parent/CaregiverVery Much Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Parent/Caregiver1 Participants
GanaxoloneClinical Global Impression of Improvement - Parent/CaregiverVery Much Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Parent/Caregiver0 Participants
GanaxoloneClinical Global Impression of Improvement - Parent/CaregiverVery Much Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Parent/Caregiver0 Participants
GanaxoloneClinical Global Impression of Improvement - Parent/CaregiverMuch Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Parent/Caregiver13 Participants
GanaxoloneClinical Global Impression of Improvement - Parent/CaregiverMinimally Improved - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Parent/Caregiver17 Participants
GanaxoloneClinical Global Impression of Improvement - Parent/CaregiverNo Change - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Parent/Caregiver14 Participants
GanaxoloneClinical Global Impression of Improvement - Parent/CaregiverMinimally Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Parent/Caregiver2 Participants
GanaxoloneClinical Global Impression of Improvement - Parent/CaregiverMuch Worse - Visit 5 (End of Week 17) - Parent/Caregiver2 Participants
Secondary

Percentage of Seizure-free Days for Major Motor Seizure Types

Percentage of Seizure-free Days for Major Motor Seizure types during the double-blind treatment period of ganaxolone compared to placebo. The major motor seizure types include bilateral tonic (sustained motor activity = 3 seconds), generalized tonic-clonic, atonic/drop, bilateral clonic, and focal to bilateral tonic-clonic.

Time frame: End of the double-blind 17 week treatment period

Population: ITT Population

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEAN)Dispersion
PlaceboPercentage of Seizure-free Days for Major Motor Seizure TypesBaseline30.32 percent of seizure-free daysStandard Deviation 27.07
PlaceboPercentage of Seizure-free Days for Major Motor Seizure Types17-week-Post-Baseline Phase36.17 percent of seizure-free daysStandard Deviation 30.932
PlaceboPercentage of Seizure-free Days for Major Motor Seizure TypesArithmetic Change from Baseline5.86 percent of seizure-free daysStandard Deviation 15.35
GanaxolonePercentage of Seizure-free Days for Major Motor Seizure TypesBaseline22.57 percent of seizure-free daysStandard Deviation 25.761
GanaxolonePercentage of Seizure-free Days for Major Motor Seizure Types17-week-Post-Baseline Phase32.29 percent of seizure-free daysStandard Deviation 30.615
GanaxolonePercentage of Seizure-free Days for Major Motor Seizure TypesArithmetic Change from Baseline9.62 percent of seizure-free daysStandard Deviation 21.364

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 18, 2026