Opioid Abuse
Conditions
Keywords
opioid overdose, mortality, naloxone, substance use disorder, prevention
Brief summary
Death in overdose is the single most common cause of death in people using heroin. In Sweden, the number of drug-related overdose deaths has increased gradually since the early 1990s. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of a Naloxone distribution program in Skåne County. The primary issue is whether the project had an effect on overdose mortality and overdose related injuries.
Interventions
Naloxone Nasal Spray will be distributed at the addiction centres.
OTHERHistorical control cohort
Historical data will be retrieved from quality registries.
Sponsors
Region Skane
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* subjects treated at the Addiction centres of Skåne County * signed informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* subjects unable to understand study information due to psychiatric co-morbidity or severe language difficulties
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Overdose mortality in the general population | 5 years (first outcome measure for the 18-month intervention period July 1, 2019 - Dec 31, 2020) | Overdose mortality deaths 2019-2023 to be compared with historical overdose mortality during 2013-2017. Number of deaths will be collected from national registries. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Respiratory rate of ambulance-attended opioid overdose survivors in the general population | 5 years (first outcome measure for the 18-month intervention period July 1, 2019 - Dec 31, 2020) | Respiratory rate (breaths per minute) registered in ambulance. |
| Heart rate of ambulance-attended opioid overdose survivors in the general population | 5 years (first outcome measure for the 18-month intervention period July 1, 2019 - Dec 31, 2020) | Heart rate (beats per minute) of opioid overdose survivors registered in ambulance. |
| Naloxone or other antidot administered by ambulance staff to ambulance-attended opioid overdose survivors in the general population | 5 years (first outcome measure for the 18-month intervention period July 1, 2019 - Dec 31, 2020) | Naloxone or other antidot, if needed, administered by ambulance staff in opioid overdose survivors. |
| Need of ambulance transport to hospital of ambulance-attended opioid overdose survivors in the general population | 5 years (first outcome measure for the 18-month intervention period July 1, 2019 - Dec 31, 2020) | The need to transport the opioid overdose survivors to hospital - information registered in ambulance. |
| Incidence of opioid overdoses attended by ambulance or emergency hospital care | 5 years (first outcome measure for the 18-month intervention period July 1, 2019 - Dec 31, 2020) | Incidence of opioid overdoses attended by ambulance or emergency hospital care, information registered in ambulance or emergency hospital care. |
| Reaction level of ambulance-attended opioid overdose survivors in the general population | 5 years (first outcome measure for the 18-month intervention period July 1, 2019 - Dec 31, 2020) | Assessment of responsiveness in acute brain disorders using Reaction Level Scale (RLS-85) in ambulance. The RLS scale is graded from 1 (awake, no delayed reaction, oriented) to grade 8 (unconscious, no movements to painful stimuli). |
| Overdose mortality in included patients | 3 years | Overdose mortality in included patients. Number of deaths will be collected from national and regional registries. |
| Retention in naloxone program | 3 years | Retention in naloxone program - number of patients. |
| Incidence of witnessing opioid overdoses | 3 years | Number of incidences of witnessing opioid overdoses. |
| Incidence in naloxone use and bystander CPR | 3 years | Number of incidences of naloxone use and bystander CPR. |
| All cause mortality in included patients | 3 years | Number of deaths will be collected from national and regional registries. |
Countries
Sweden
Outcome results
None listed