Dietary Habits
Conditions
Keywords
Appalachia, Exercise
Brief summary
This program encourages community members to walk approximately 1 mile to the Whitesburg Farmers Market each Thursday or Saturday. The study aims to determine if walking to the market to receive vouchers improve health outcomes beyond controls who receive nutrition education.
Detailed description
In the summer of 2018, community members of Whitesburg, Kentucky (KY) were recruited to join the Tanglewood to Table walking program, and community members of Harlan, KY were invited to serve as controls. Each Thursday or Saturday, participants report whether or not they walked the 1 mile trail to the farmers market, how many steps the walked in the previous 7 days and they reported which fruits and vegetables they consumed the previous week. The control group will receive nutrition education handouts. The program is from June 2018 - January 2019. Participants complete questionnaires about fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity. Participants also provided physical and biological measurements. Recruiting for the 2018 Walking Program will begin in May.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALWalking Group
Participants will walk 1 kilometer to a Farmer's Market.
Sponsors
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Dawn Brewer
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Participants will be compared between walking and non-walking groups to assess dietary behavior.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Over 18 years * non-pregnant * moderate to good health (able to walk approximately 1 mile)
Exclusion criteria
* under 18 years * pregnant * poor health (unable to walk approximately 1 mile) * institutionalized adults * impaired consent capacity * prisoners
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vegetable Intake | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will complete a survey indicating the total servings of vegetables consumed (possible answers range from 1 serving in 3 months to 3 servings per day). Survey will be measured at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months. Data will be presented as average servings of vegetables per group over time. |
| Fruit Intake | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will complete a survey indicating the total servings of fruit consumed (possible answers range from 1 serving in 3 months to 3 servings per day). Survey will be measured at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months. Data will be presented as average servings of fruit per group over time. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Understanding of Plant-based Nutrients | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will be asked a question demonstrating their understanding of the importance of ingesting plant-based nutrients at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months into the study. Possible answers are yes, no, or not sure. Data will be presented as the percent of participants in each group that understood the importance of plant-based nutrients over time. |
| Change in Believing in the Benefits of Plant-based Nutrients | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will be asked a question demonstrating their appreciation of plant-based nutrients at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months into the study. Possible answers are yes, no, or not sure. Data will be presented as the percent of participants in each group that understood the importance of plant-based nutrients over time. |
| Change in Believing in the Preventative Effects of Plant-based Nutrients | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will be asked a question demonstrating their beliefs of plant-based nutrients at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months into the study. Possible answers are yes, no, or not sure. Data will be presented as the percent of participants in each group that understood the importance of plant-based nutrients over time. |
| Change in Believing in the Role of a Healthy Diet in Protecting Health From Pollutants | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will be asked a question demonstrating their beliefs that a healthy diet might protect health from environmental pollutants at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months into the study. Possible answers are yes, no, or not sure. Data will be presented as the percent of participants in each group that understood the importance of a healthy diet over time. |
| Change in Knowledge of Which Foods Contain Phytonutrients | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will be asked a question about which foods contain phytonutrients at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months into the study. Possible answers are meat, dairy, plant foods, all foods, or don't know. Data will be presented as the percent of participants in each group that correctly identified plant foods over time. |
| Change in Knowledge of Environmental Pollutants | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will be asked to identify environmental pollutants from a list at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months into the study. Possible answers are polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), mercury, nitrites, all of those, none of those, or don't know. Data will be presented as the percent of participants in each group that correctly identified all of those over time. |
| Change in Days of Vigorous Exercise in the Last Week | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months where they will be asked a number of days of the last 7 days that they participating in vigorous activity including the following: heavy lifting, digging, aerobics, or fast bicycling or other. Data will be presented as the average number of days of vigorous activity compared between groups over time |
| Change in Days of Moderate Exercise in the Last Week | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months where they will be asked a number of days of the last 7 days that they participating in moderate activity including the following: light lifting, bicycling or other. Data will be presented as the average number of days of moderate activity compared between groups over time. |
| Change in Time Spent in Vigorous Exercise in the Last Week | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months where they will be asked how much time in hours and minutes over the last 7 days that they participated in vigorous activity including the following: heavy lifting, digging, aerobics, or fast bicycling or other. Data will be presented as the average number of minutes or hours of vigorous activity compared between groups over time. |
| Change in Time Spent Walking | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months where they will be asked how many days over the last 7 days that they walked for at least 10 minutes. Data will be presented as the average number of minutes or hours of walking per day compared between groups over time. |
| Change in Dark Green Vegetable Consumption | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months that will ask them if they eat at least 1.5 cups of dark green vegetables per week. Answers will include: 0= No, and I do not intend to in the next 6 months, 1= No, but I intend to in the next 6 months, 2= No, but I intend to in the next 30 days, 3=Yes, I have been but for less than 6 months, and 4=Yes I have been for the past 6 months. Data will be presented as the average intention to consume dark green vegetables compared between groups over time. Scores range from 0-4; higher scores indicate increased consumption. |
| Change in Red and Orange Vegetable Consumption | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months that will ask them if they eat at least 5.5 cups of red and orange vegetables per week. Answers will include: 0=No, and I do not intend to in the next 6 months, 1=No, but I intend to in the next 6 months, 2=No, but I intend to in the next 30 days, 3=Yes, I have been but for less than 6 months, and 4=Yes I have been for the past 6 months. Data will be presented as the average intention to consume red and orange vegetables compared between groups over time. Scores range from 0-4; higher scores indicate increased consumption. |
| Change in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months that will ask them if they eat at least 5 cups of fruits and vegetables per week. Answers will include: 0=No, and I do not intend to in the next 6 months, 1=No, but I intend to in the next 6 months, 2=No, but I intend to in the next 30 days, 3=Yes, I have been but for less than 6 months, and 4=Yes I have been for the past 6 months. Data will be presented as the average intention to consume fruits and vegetables compared between groups over time. Scores range from 0-4; higher scores indicate increased consumption. |
| Change in Fruit Consumption | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months that will ask them if they eat at least 2 cups of fruits per week. Answers will include: 0= No, and I do not intend to in the next 6 months, 1=No, but I intend to in the next 6 months, 2=No, but I intend to in the next 30 days, Y3=es, I have been but for less than 6 months, and 4=Yes I have been for the past 6 months. Data will be presented as the average intention to consume fruits compared between groups over time. Scores range from 0-4; higher scores indicate increased consumption. |
| Change in Walking 1 Mile Per Day | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months that will ask them if they walk at least 1 mile per day. Answers will include:0=No, and I do not intend to in the next 6 months, 1=No, but I intend to in the next 6 months, 2=No, but I intend to in the next 30 days, 3=Yes, I have been but for less than 6 months, and 4= Yes I have been for the past 6 months. Data will be presented as the average intention to walk 1 mile per day compared between groups over time. Scores range from 0-4; higher scores indicate increased walking. |
| Change in Leisure Time and Physical Activity | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months that will ask them if they get about 30 minutes of leisure time/recreational physical activity or exercise every day. Answers will include: 0= No, and I do not intend to in the next 6 months, 1=No, but I intend to in the next 6 months, 2=No, but I intend to in the next 30 days, 3=Yes, I have been but for less than 6 months, and 4=Yes I have been for the past 6 months. Data will be presented as the average intention to get 30 minutes of exercise every day compared between groups over time. Scores range from 0-4; higher scores indicate increased activity. |
| Change in General Health | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months that will ask them to state if they consider their health to be: 0=poor, 1=fair, 2=good, 3=very good, or 4=excellent. Data will be presented as the average ranking of individual health compared between groups over time. Scores range from 0-4; higher scores indicate a higher perception of health. |
| Change in Participation in Program | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months that will ask them why they decided to participate in the program. Data will be presented as the number of participants that selected the most frequent answer (to receive a farmer's market voucher). |
| Change in Time Spent in Moderate Exercise in the Last Week | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months where they will be asked how much time in hours and minutes over the last 7 days that they participated in moderate activity including the following: lifting, bicycling or other. Data will be presented as the average number of minutes or hours of moderate activity compared between groups over time. |
| Change in Time Spent Sitting | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months where they will be asked how many days over the last 7 days that they spent sitting. Data will be presented as the average number of minutes or hours of sitting per day compared between groups over time. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Total Steps Taken Per Day | Baseline, 4 months and 8 months | Participants in the walking group will be issued pedometers to measure the total number of steps taken per day. Data will be collected weekly for the duration of the study. Data presented as the average number of steps per day. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
157 participants were enrolled. Of those, 90 participants were lost to follow-up or subsequently excluded based on protocol criteria. Sixty-seven participants (19 control and 48 intervention) engaged in the study.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Walking Group Participants in this group will join an established walking group and travel by foot 1 kilometer to a local Farmer's Market. They will also receive handouts about nutrition information and nutritional choices.
Walking Group: Participants will walk 1 kilometer to a Farmer's Market. | 48 |
| Non-Walking Group Participants in this group will have no walking requirement. They will receive handouts about nutrition information and nutritional choices. | 19 |
| Total | 67 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Walking Group | Total | Non-Walking Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 49.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.6 | 50.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13 | 52.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.4 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 43 Participants | 57 Participants | 14 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 5 Participants | 9 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 47 Participants | 64 Participants | 17 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 48 participants | 67 participants | 19 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 34 Participants | 47 Participants | 13 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 14 Participants | 20 Participants | 6 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Fruit Intake
Participants will complete a survey indicating the total servings of fruit consumed (possible answers range from 1 serving in 3 months to 3 servings per day). Survey will be measured at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months. Data will be presented as average servings of fruit per group over time.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Fruit Intake | baseline | 2.5 servings of fruit per day | Standard Deviation 2.9 |
| Walking Group | Fruit Intake | 4 months (mid-point) | 2.3 servings of fruit per day | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Walking Group | Fruit Intake | 8 months (post) | 3.0 servings of fruit per day | Standard Deviation 4.2 |
| Non-Walking Group | Fruit Intake | baseline | 2.9 servings of fruit per day | Standard Deviation 3.8 |
| Non-Walking Group | Fruit Intake | 4 months (mid-point) | 1.9 servings of fruit per day | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Non-Walking Group | Fruit Intake | 8 months (post) | 1.6 servings of fruit per day | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
Primary
Vegetable Intake
Participants will complete a survey indicating the total servings of vegetables consumed (possible answers range from 1 serving in 3 months to 3 servings per day). Survey will be measured at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months. Data will be presented as average servings of vegetables per group over time.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Vegetable Intake | baseline | 5.3 servings of vegetables per day | Standard Deviation 5.1 |
| Walking Group | Vegetable Intake | 4 months (mid point) | 5.8 servings of vegetables per day | Standard Deviation 4.4 |
| Walking Group | Vegetable Intake | 8 months (post) | 6.2 servings of vegetables per day | Standard Deviation 7.9 |
| Non-Walking Group | Vegetable Intake | baseline | 2.6 servings of vegetables per day | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Non-Walking Group | Vegetable Intake | 4 months (mid point) | 3.2 servings of vegetables per day | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Non-Walking Group | Vegetable Intake | 8 months (post) | 2.6 servings of vegetables per day | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
Secondary
Change in Believing in the Benefits of Plant-based Nutrients
Participants will be asked a question demonstrating their appreciation of plant-based nutrients at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months into the study. Possible answers are yes, no, or not sure. Data will be presented as the percent of participants in each group that understood the importance of plant-based nutrients over time.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Believing in the Benefits of Plant-based Nutrients | baseline | 80.6 percentage of participants |
| Walking Group | Change in Believing in the Benefits of Plant-based Nutrients | 4 months (mid-point) | 73.7 percentage of participants |
| Walking Group | Change in Believing in the Benefits of Plant-based Nutrients | 8 months (post) | 90.2 percentage of participants |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Believing in the Benefits of Plant-based Nutrients | baseline | 20.0 percentage of participants |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Believing in the Benefits of Plant-based Nutrients | 4 months (mid-point) | 18.2 percentage of participants |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Believing in the Benefits of Plant-based Nutrients | 8 months (post) | 62.5 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Change in Believing in the Preventative Effects of Plant-based Nutrients
Participants will be asked a question demonstrating their beliefs of plant-based nutrients at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months into the study. Possible answers are yes, no, or not sure. Data will be presented as the percent of participants in each group that understood the importance of plant-based nutrients over time.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Believing in the Preventative Effects of Plant-based Nutrients | baseline | 73.3 percentage of participants |
| Walking Group | Change in Believing in the Preventative Effects of Plant-based Nutrients | 4 months (mid-point) | 39.5 percentage of participants |
| Walking Group | Change in Believing in the Preventative Effects of Plant-based Nutrients | 8 months (post) | 9.8 percentage of participants |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Believing in the Preventative Effects of Plant-based Nutrients | baseline | 22.2 percentage of participants |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Believing in the Preventative Effects of Plant-based Nutrients | 4 months (mid-point) | 81.8 percentage of participants |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Believing in the Preventative Effects of Plant-based Nutrients | 8 months (post) | 62.5 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Change in Believing in the Role of a Healthy Diet in Protecting Health From Pollutants
Participants will be asked a question demonstrating their beliefs that a healthy diet might protect health from environmental pollutants at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months into the study. Possible answers are yes, no, or not sure. Data will be presented as the percent of participants in each group that understood the importance of a healthy diet over time.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Believing in the Role of a Healthy Diet in Protecting Health From Pollutants | baseline | 89.6 percentage of participants |
| Walking Group | Change in Believing in the Role of a Healthy Diet in Protecting Health From Pollutants | 4 months (mid-point) | 89.6 percentage of participants |
| Walking Group | Change in Believing in the Role of a Healthy Diet in Protecting Health From Pollutants | 8 months (post) | 97.9 percentage of participants |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Believing in the Role of a Healthy Diet in Protecting Health From Pollutants | baseline | 57.9 percentage of participants |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Believing in the Role of a Healthy Diet in Protecting Health From Pollutants | 4 months (mid-point) | 71.4 percentage of participants |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Believing in the Role of a Healthy Diet in Protecting Health From Pollutants | 8 months (post) | 90.9 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Change in Dark Green Vegetable Consumption
Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months that will ask them if they eat at least 1.5 cups of dark green vegetables per week. Answers will include: 0= No, and I do not intend to in the next 6 months, 1= No, but I intend to in the next 6 months, 2= No, but I intend to in the next 30 days, 3=Yes, I have been but for less than 6 months, and 4=Yes I have been for the past 6 months. Data will be presented as the average intention to consume dark green vegetables compared between groups over time. Scores range from 0-4; higher scores indicate increased consumption.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Dark Green Vegetable Consumption | baseline | 3.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Walking Group | Change in Dark Green Vegetable Consumption | 4 months (mid-point) | 3.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
| Walking Group | Change in Dark Green Vegetable Consumption | 8 months (post) | 3.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Dark Green Vegetable Consumption | baseline | 3.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Dark Green Vegetable Consumption | 4 months (mid-point) | 3.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Dark Green Vegetable Consumption | 8 months (post) | 3.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
Secondary
Change in Days of Moderate Exercise in the Last Week
Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months where they will be asked a number of days of the last 7 days that they participating in moderate activity including the following: light lifting, bicycling or other. Data will be presented as the average number of days of moderate activity compared between groups over time.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Days of Moderate Exercise in the Last Week | baseline | 3.7 days of moderate activity per week | Standard Deviation 2.2 |
| Walking Group | Change in Days of Moderate Exercise in the Last Week | 4 months (mid-point) | 3.7 days of moderate activity per week | Standard Deviation 2.4 |
| Walking Group | Change in Days of Moderate Exercise in the Last Week | 8 months (post) | 3.4 days of moderate activity per week | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Days of Moderate Exercise in the Last Week | baseline | 3.7 days of moderate activity per week | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Days of Moderate Exercise in the Last Week | 4 months (mid-point) | 4.3 days of moderate activity per week | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Days of Moderate Exercise in the Last Week | 8 months (post) | 2.9 days of moderate activity per week | Standard Deviation 2 |
Secondary
Change in Days of Vigorous Exercise in the Last Week
Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months where they will be asked a number of days of the last 7 days that they participating in vigorous activity including the following: heavy lifting, digging, aerobics, or fast bicycling or other. Data will be presented as the average number of days of vigorous activity compared between groups over time
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Days of Vigorous Exercise in the Last Week | baseline | 3.3 days of vigorous exercise | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Walking Group | Change in Days of Vigorous Exercise in the Last Week | 4 months (mid-point) | 2.7 days of vigorous exercise | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Walking Group | Change in Days of Vigorous Exercise in the Last Week | 8 months (post) | 3.3 days of vigorous exercise | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Days of Vigorous Exercise in the Last Week | baseline | 4.2 days of vigorous exercise | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Days of Vigorous Exercise in the Last Week | 4 months (mid-point) | 4.3 days of vigorous exercise | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Days of Vigorous Exercise in the Last Week | 8 months (post) | 3.0 days of vigorous exercise | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
Secondary
Change in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months that will ask them if they eat at least 5 cups of fruits and vegetables per week. Answers will include: 0=No, and I do not intend to in the next 6 months, 1=No, but I intend to in the next 6 months, 2=No, but I intend to in the next 30 days, 3=Yes, I have been but for less than 6 months, and 4=Yes I have been for the past 6 months. Data will be presented as the average intention to consume fruits and vegetables compared between groups over time. Scores range from 0-4; higher scores indicate increased consumption.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption | baseline | 2.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Walking Group | Change in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption | 4 months (mid-point) | 2.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Walking Group | Change in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption | 8 months (post) | 2.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption | baseline | 2.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption | 4 months (mid-point) | 2.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption | 8 months (post) | 2.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
Secondary
Change in Fruit Consumption
Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months that will ask them if they eat at least 2 cups of fruits per week. Answers will include: 0= No, and I do not intend to in the next 6 months, 1=No, but I intend to in the next 6 months, 2=No, but I intend to in the next 30 days, Y3=es, I have been but for less than 6 months, and 4=Yes I have been for the past 6 months. Data will be presented as the average intention to consume fruits compared between groups over time. Scores range from 0-4; higher scores indicate increased consumption.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Fruit Consumption | baseline | 2.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Walking Group | Change in Fruit Consumption | 4 months (mid-point) | 2.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Walking Group | Change in Fruit Consumption | 8 months (post) | 2.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Fruit Consumption | baseline | 2.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Fruit Consumption | 4 months (mid-point) | 2.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Fruit Consumption | 8 months (post) | 2.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
Secondary
Change in General Health
Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months that will ask them to state if they consider their health to be: 0=poor, 1=fair, 2=good, 3=very good, or 4=excellent. Data will be presented as the average ranking of individual health compared between groups over time. Scores range from 0-4; higher scores indicate a higher perception of health.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in General Health | baseline | 1.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Walking Group | Change in General Health | 4 months (mid-point) | 2.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Walking Group | Change in General Health | 8 months (post) | 2.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in General Health | baseline | 2.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in General Health | 4 months (mid-point) | 1.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in General Health | 8 months (post) | 1.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
Secondary
Change in Knowledge of Environmental Pollutants
Participants will be asked to identify environmental pollutants from a list at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months into the study. Possible answers are polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), mercury, nitrites, all of those, none of those, or don't know. Data will be presented as the percent of participants in each group that correctly identified all of those over time.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Knowledge of Environmental Pollutants | baseline | 58.3 percentage of participants |
| Walking Group | Change in Knowledge of Environmental Pollutants | 4 months (mid-point) | 58.3 percentage of participants |
| Walking Group | Change in Knowledge of Environmental Pollutants | 8 months (post) | 58.3 percentage of participants |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Knowledge of Environmental Pollutants | baseline | 57.9 percentage of participants |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Knowledge of Environmental Pollutants | 4 months (mid-point) | 57.1 percentage of participants |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Knowledge of Environmental Pollutants | 8 months (post) | 27.3 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Change in Knowledge of Which Foods Contain Phytonutrients
Participants will be asked a question about which foods contain phytonutrients at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months into the study. Possible answers are meat, dairy, plant foods, all foods, or don't know. Data will be presented as the percent of participants in each group that correctly identified plant foods over time.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Knowledge of Which Foods Contain Phytonutrients | baseline | 56.3 percentage of participants |
| Walking Group | Change in Knowledge of Which Foods Contain Phytonutrients | 4 months (mid-point) | 59.6 percentage of participants |
| Walking Group | Change in Knowledge of Which Foods Contain Phytonutrients | 8 months (post) | 77.1 percentage of participants |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Knowledge of Which Foods Contain Phytonutrients | 4 months (mid-point) | 21.4 percentage of participants |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Knowledge of Which Foods Contain Phytonutrients | baseline | 22.2 percentage of participants |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Knowledge of Which Foods Contain Phytonutrients | 8 months (post) | 45.5 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Change in Leisure Time and Physical Activity
Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months that will ask them if they get about 30 minutes of leisure time/recreational physical activity or exercise every day. Answers will include: 0= No, and I do not intend to in the next 6 months, 1=No, but I intend to in the next 6 months, 2=No, but I intend to in the next 30 days, 3=Yes, I have been but for less than 6 months, and 4=Yes I have been for the past 6 months. Data will be presented as the average intention to get 30 minutes of exercise every day compared between groups over time. Scores range from 0-4; higher scores indicate increased activity.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Leisure Time and Physical Activity | baseline | 3.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Walking Group | Change in Leisure Time and Physical Activity | 4 months (mid-point) | 3.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
| Walking Group | Change in Leisure Time and Physical Activity | 8 months (mid-point) | 3.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Leisure Time and Physical Activity | baseline | 2.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Leisure Time and Physical Activity | 4 months (mid-point) | 2.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Leisure Time and Physical Activity | 8 months (mid-point) | 2.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
Secondary
Change in Participation in Program
Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months that will ask them why they decided to participate in the program. Data will be presented as the number of participants that selected the most frequent answer (to receive a farmer's market voucher).
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points. Participants in the control group were not asked to respond to this question.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Participation in Program | baseline | 19 Participants |
| Walking Group | Change in Participation in Program | 4 months (mid-point) | 18 Participants |
| Walking Group | Change in Participation in Program | 8 months (post) | 24 Participants |
Secondary
Change in Red and Orange Vegetable Consumption
Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months that will ask them if they eat at least 5.5 cups of red and orange vegetables per week. Answers will include: 0=No, and I do not intend to in the next 6 months, 1=No, but I intend to in the next 6 months, 2=No, but I intend to in the next 30 days, 3=Yes, I have been but for less than 6 months, and 4=Yes I have been for the past 6 months. Data will be presented as the average intention to consume red and orange vegetables compared between groups over time. Scores range from 0-4; higher scores indicate increased consumption.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Red and Orange Vegetable Consumption | baseline | 2.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Walking Group | Change in Red and Orange Vegetable Consumption | 4 months (mid-point) | 2.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Walking Group | Change in Red and Orange Vegetable Consumption | 8 months (post) | 2.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Red and Orange Vegetable Consumption | baseline | 2.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Red and Orange Vegetable Consumption | 4 months (mid-point) | 1.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Red and Orange Vegetable Consumption | 8 months (post) | 2.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
Secondary
Change in Time Spent in Moderate Exercise in the Last Week
Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months where they will be asked how much time in hours and minutes over the last 7 days that they participated in moderate activity including the following: lifting, bicycling or other. Data will be presented as the average number of minutes or hours of moderate activity compared between groups over time.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Time Spent in Moderate Exercise in the Last Week | 8 months (post) | 2.7 hours | Standard Deviation 2.2 |
| Walking Group | Change in Time Spent in Moderate Exercise in the Last Week | baseline | 2.6 hours | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Walking Group | Change in Time Spent in Moderate Exercise in the Last Week | 4 months (mid-point) | 3.0 hours | Standard Deviation 2.9 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Time Spent in Moderate Exercise in the Last Week | 4 months (mid-point) | 1.0 hours | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Time Spent in Moderate Exercise in the Last Week | baseline | 4.4 hours | Standard Deviation 2.8 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Time Spent in Moderate Exercise in the Last Week | 8 months (post) | 1.2 hours | Standard Deviation 1 |
Secondary
Change in Time Spent in Vigorous Exercise in the Last Week
Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months where they will be asked how much time in hours and minutes over the last 7 days that they participated in vigorous activity including the following: heavy lifting, digging, aerobics, or fast bicycling or other. Data will be presented as the average number of minutes or hours of vigorous activity compared between groups over time.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Time Spent in Vigorous Exercise in the Last Week | baseline | 2.4 hours | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Walking Group | Change in Time Spent in Vigorous Exercise in the Last Week | 4 months (mid-point) | 3.2 hours | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
| Walking Group | Change in Time Spent in Vigorous Exercise in the Last Week | 8 months (post) | 2.9 hours | Standard Deviation 3.4 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Time Spent in Vigorous Exercise in the Last Week | baseline | 4.8 hours | Standard Deviation 4.4 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Time Spent in Vigorous Exercise in the Last Week | 4 months (mid-point) | 4.0 hours | Standard Deviation 5.2 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Time Spent in Vigorous Exercise in the Last Week | 8 months (post) | 1.0 hours | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
Secondary
Change in Time Spent Sitting
Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months where they will be asked how many days over the last 7 days that they spent sitting. Data will be presented as the average number of minutes or hours of sitting per day compared between groups over time.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Time Spent Sitting | baseline | 4.8 hours | Standard Deviation 3.1 |
| Walking Group | Change in Time Spent Sitting | 4 months (mid-point) | 5.1 hours | Standard Deviation 3.6 |
| Walking Group | Change in Time Spent Sitting | 8 months (post) | 5.0 hours | Standard Deviation 2.7 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Time Spent Sitting | baseline | 3.1 hours | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Time Spent Sitting | 4 months (mid-point) | 4.7 hours | Standard Deviation 3.1 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Time Spent Sitting | 8 months (post) | 3.0 hours | Standard Deviation 2.3 |
Secondary
Change in Time Spent Walking
Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months where they will be asked how many days over the last 7 days that they walked for at least 10 minutes. Data will be presented as the average number of minutes or hours of walking per day compared between groups over time.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Time Spent Walking | baseline | 2.6 hours | Standard Deviation 2.2 |
| Walking Group | Change in Time Spent Walking | 4 months (mid-point) | 2.7 hours | Standard Deviation 2.8 |
| Walking Group | Change in Time Spent Walking | 8 months (post) | 2.4 hours | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Time Spent Walking | baseline | 4.1 hours | Standard Deviation 4.2 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Time Spent Walking | 4 months (mid-point) | 2.6 hours | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Time Spent Walking | 8 months (post) | 1.0 hours | Standard Deviation 0 |
Secondary
Change in Understanding of Plant-based Nutrients
Participants will be asked a question demonstrating their understanding of the importance of ingesting plant-based nutrients at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months into the study. Possible answers are yes, no, or not sure. Data will be presented as the percent of participants in each group that understood the importance of plant-based nutrients over time.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Understanding of Plant-based Nutrients | baseline | 51.1 percentage of participants |
| Walking Group | Change in Understanding of Plant-based Nutrients | 4 months (mid-point) | 60.9 percentage of participants |
| Walking Group | Change in Understanding of Plant-based Nutrients | 8 months (post) | 88.9 percentage of participants |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Understanding of Plant-based Nutrients | baseline | 6.7 percentage of participants |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Understanding of Plant-based Nutrients | 4 months (mid-point) | 15.4 percentage of participants |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Understanding of Plant-based Nutrients | 8 months (post) | 36.4 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Change in Walking 1 Mile Per Day
Participants will complete a survey at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months that will ask them if they walk at least 1 mile per day. Answers will include:0=No, and I do not intend to in the next 6 months, 1=No, but I intend to in the next 6 months, 2=No, but I intend to in the next 30 days, 3=Yes, I have been but for less than 6 months, and 4= Yes I have been for the past 6 months. Data will be presented as the average intention to walk 1 mile per day compared between groups over time. Scores range from 0-4; higher scores indicate increased walking.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months
Population: Not all participants were able to complete data collection for all three time points.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking Group | Change in Walking 1 Mile Per Day | baseline | 2.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Walking Group | Change in Walking 1 Mile Per Day | 4 months (mid-point) | 3.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Walking Group | Change in Walking 1 Mile Per Day | 8 months (post) | 3.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Walking 1 Mile Per Day | baseline | 3.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Walking 1 Mile Per Day | 4 months (mid-point) | 2.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Non-Walking Group | Change in Walking 1 Mile Per Day | 8 months (post) | 1.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
Other Pre-specified
Change in Total Steps Taken Per Day
Participants in the walking group will be issued pedometers to measure the total number of steps taken per day. Data will be collected weekly for the duration of the study. Data presented as the average number of steps per day.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months and 8 months