Rectal Cancer
Conditions
Brief summary
This is a single arm phase II study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by local excision and post-operative chemoradiotherapy in patients with early stage, low rectal adenocarcinoma. After completion of pre-treatment tests/procedures (including pelvic MRI/ERUS; MRI is mandatory at baseline and other imaging is encouraged) and confirmation of eligibility, systemic therapy with FOLFOX will be administered for 12 weeks. 2 to 4 weeks after the chemotherapy, restaging of the primary tumor will be done to evaluate response to therapy (Pelvic MRI and /or sigmoidoscopy). Patients with disease progression or inadequate response to chemotherapy to allow local excision will continue with evaluation and treatment per the current standard of care (chemoradiation followed by TME). These patients will be considered failures for the primary endpoint of the study. Patients who respond to the neoadjuvant chemotherapy will proceed with local excision (open, TEMS or TAMIS), 6-12 weeks after the completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by 5-FU based chemoradiotherapy 4-12 weeks after local excision. Patients with positive margins at the time of local excision will also be treated as per standard of care and will be considered as failures. Number of patients who can undergo successful local excision with this approach will define the success of the strategy. After chemoradiation therapy post local excision, patients will be followed closely every 3 months for the first 3 years and then every 2 months for the next 2 years (history/physical, CEA and pelvic MRI). Patients who are deemed failures for the primary end-point will be followed as per standard of care, off-study.
Interventions
DRUGFOLFOX regimen
FOLFOX regimen will be administered for 6 cycles. Each cycle is 14 days followed by restaging, local surgery and concurrent chemo radiation therapy
Sponsors
Fox Chase Cancer Center
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the lower rectum (lower border ≤6 cm from anal verge as assessed by pelvic MRI). 2. Clinical stage T1N0, T2N0, T3N0; high risk T1 and low risk T3 stage patients are also allowed. Clinical staging should be estimated based on the combination of the following assessments: physical exam by the primary surgeon, CT Chest/Abdomen/Pelvis or PET/CT along with Pelvic MRI and Endoscopic Rectal Ultrasound (ERUS). If a pelvic MRI is performed, it is acceptable to perform CT of the chest/abdomen, omitting CT imaging of the pelvis. 3. No prior therapy for rectal cancer 4. Age \> 18 years. 5. ECOG performance status 0 or 1 6. Patients must have normal organ and marrow function as defined below * Leukocytes \> 3,000/mcL * Absolute neutrophil count \> 1,500/mcL * Platelets \> 100,000/mcL * Total bilirubin \< 1.5 times ULN * AST/ALT (SGOT/SGPT) \< 3 times institutional normal limits * Creatinine \< 1.5 times ULN OR * Creatinine clearance \> 60 Ml/min/1.73 m2 for patients with creatinine levels above institutional normal 7. Ability to understand and willingness to sign a written informed consent and HIPAA consent document
Exclusion criteria
1. Patients with contraindication to use FOLFOX chemotherapy and pelvic radiation. 2. Low risk T1 tumors that fulfill all of the following - size\<4 cm, lack of lymphovascular invasion and well differentiated histology, are excluded 3. High risk T3 tumors that fulfill any of the following - circumferential tumor, extension into mesorectal fascia \> 5mm, prediction of positive circumferential resection margin, are also excluded. 4. T4, node positive or advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. Node positivity defined as nodes greater than 1cm in short axis with loss of uniform cortex/fatty hilum 5. Patients receiving other investigational agents 6. Patients who have had chemotherapy (for other malignancies) within 3 years prior to registration 7. Patients with any prior pelvic radiation therapy 8. Prior malignancies requiring systemic therapy within the last 3 years (as prior therapy can increase toxicity of current chemo regimen, those patients should be excluded). 9. History of allergic reactions attributed to compound of similar chemical or biologic composition to the agents used in this study 10. Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements. 11. Known HIV-positive patients on combination antiretroviral therapy are ineligible because of the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions with chemotherapeutic drugs. In addition, these patients are at increased risk of lethal infections when treated with marrow-suppressive therapy. 12. Pregnant or breast feeding.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| number of patients whose tumor can be resected by local excision with negative margins | 3 months | Patients who undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and are able to achieve a local excision in early stage lower rectal adenocarcinoma with negative margins |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of patients with improved bowel function in patients treated with organ preserving approach for early stage low rectal cancer before and after therapy | 3 years | Bowel function will be assessed by Bowel Function Index- Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) version 4 survey to be completed by patients. The survey measures- Physical well-being, social/family well-being, emotional well-being, functional well-being |
| Number of patients with improved sexual function treated with organ preserving approach for early stage low rectal cancer before and after therapy | 3 years | Sexual function in women will be assessed by Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) 2000 and in men will be assessed by International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire respectively to be completed by patients. The questions ask about the patients' sexual feelings and responses. |
| Number of patients with improved health-related quality of life treated with organ preserving approach for early stage low rectal cancer before and after therapy | 3 years | Quality of life will be assessed by Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System-10 (PROMIS-10) questionnaire to be completed by patients. This questionnaire will have 10 questions.PROMIS Global-10 allows each of the individual items to be examined separately to provide specific information about perceptions of physical function, pain, fatigue, emotional distress, social health and general perceptions of health. |
| Overall survival (OS) of patients | 5 years | OS will be assessed from start of treatment for disease that the patient is still alive |
| Disease-free survival (DFS) of patients | 5 years | DFS will be assessed as the length of time that patient survived without any sign of symptoms of that cancer |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed