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Taekwondo Training and Postmenopausal Women With Stage-2 Hypertension

Taekwondo Training Reduces Blood Catecholamine Levels and Arterial Stiffness in Postmenopausal Women With Stage-2 Hypertension

Status
Completed
Phases
NA
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT03544307
Enrollment
20
Registered
2018-06-01
Start date
2017-05-01
Completion date
2018-03-01
Last updated
2020-11-10

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Hypertension, Menopause

Keywords

Taekwondo, Menopause, Hypertension, Arterial Stiffness, Blood Catecholamines

Brief summary

Aging is associated with hormonal imbalances and progressive decreases in arterial health and function. It is crucial to prevent or reduce the negative effects of aging on hormonal balance and the vasculature by implementing appropriate lifestyle interventions, such as exercise training. We examined the effects of a 12-week Taekwondo training program on blood catecholamines, arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV), blood pressure (BP), resting heart rate, and muscular strength in postmenopausal women with stage 2 hypertension.

Detailed description

Using a parallel experimental design, participants were randomly assigned to either a Taekwondo exercise training group (n=10) or non-exercising control group (n=10) for 12 weeks. Participant in the Taekwondo training group trained 3 days/week for 60 minutes per session, and the intensity progressed weekly. Participants in the control group performed no exercise intervention.

Interventions

BEHAVIORALTaekwondo training

Exercise group

Sponsors

University of Nebraska
CollaboratorOTHER
Kosin University
Lead SponsorOTHER

Study design

Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE

Intervention model description

Parallel design with treatment group and control

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
65 Years to 85 Years
Healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

* Be diagnosed with stage-2 hypertension * Be postmenopausal * Be between 65 and 85 years old

Exclusion criteria

* Known cardiovascular, metabolic or renal diseases * Physical limitations that prohibit exercise * Participates in regular exercise

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frame
Blood Epinephrine Levels12-weeks
Blood Norepinephrine Levels12-weeks

Secondary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Hand Grip Strength12-weeks—
Arterial Stiffness12-weeksPulse Wave Velocity
Leg Strength12-weeks—
Diastolic Blood Pressure12-weeks—
Systolic Blood Pressure12-weeks—

Countries

United States

Participant flow

Participants by arm

ArmCount
Taekwondo Training
Taekwondo training was performed 60 minutes/day, 3 days/week for 12-weeks. Exercise intensity was set at 30-40% of heart rate reserve (HRR) and gradually increased to 50-60% over 12 weeks. Taekwondo training: Exercise group
10
Control
Sedentary control asked not to exercise
10
Total20

Baseline characteristics

CharacteristicTaekwondo TrainingControlTotal
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
10 Participants10 Participants20 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Age, Continuous70 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4
70 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4
70 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.7
Arterial stiffness8.41 m/s
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1
8.27 m/s
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.67
8.34 m/s
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.84
Blood epinephrine levels43.6 pg/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.6
43.4 pg/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.1
43.5 pg/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.9
Blood norepinephrine levels268.6 pg/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 41.3
243.4 pg/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.1
256 pg/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 23.2
Diastolic Blood Pressure98 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2
99 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2
99 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2
Hand grip strength24 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4
25 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4
25 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4
Leg strength39 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6
38 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7
39 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
10 Participants10 Participants20 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Region of Enrollment
South Korea
10 participants10 participants20 participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
10 Participants10 Participants20 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Systolic Blood Pressure144 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2
143 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2
144 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2

Adverse events

Event typeEG000
affected / at risk
EG001
affected / at risk
deaths
Total, all-cause mortality
0 / 100 / 10
other
Total, other adverse events
0 / 100 / 10
serious
Total, serious adverse events
0 / 100 / 10

Outcome results

Primary

Blood Epinephrine Levels

Time frame: 12-weeks

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Taekwondo TrainingBlood Epinephrine Levels39.3 pg/mLStandard Deviation 7.1
ControlBlood Epinephrine Levels46.2 pg/mLStandard Deviation 4.7
Primary

Blood Norepinephrine Levels

Time frame: 12-weeks

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Taekwondo TrainingBlood Norepinephrine Levels232.2 pg/mLStandard Deviation 33.7
ControlBlood Norepinephrine Levels330 pg/mLStandard Deviation 38.2
Secondary

Arterial Stiffness

Pulse Wave Velocity

Time frame: 12-weeks

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Taekwondo TrainingArterial Stiffness7.67 m/sStandard Deviation 1
ControlArterial Stiffness8.48 m/sStandard Deviation 1
Secondary

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Time frame: 12-weeks

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Taekwondo TrainingDiastolic Blood Pressure87 mmHgStandard Deviation 2
ControlDiastolic Blood Pressure97 mmHgStandard Deviation 2
Secondary

Hand Grip Strength

Time frame: 12-weeks

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Taekwondo TrainingHand Grip Strength27 kilograms (kg)Standard Deviation 3
ControlHand Grip Strength24 kilograms (kg)Standard Deviation 4
Secondary

Leg Strength

Time frame: 12-weeks

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Taekwondo TrainingLeg Strength41 kilograms (kg)Standard Deviation 7
ControlLeg Strength38 kilograms (kg)Standard Deviation 8
Secondary

Systolic Blood Pressure

Time frame: 12-weeks

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Taekwondo TrainingSystolic Blood Pressure130 mmHgStandard Deviation 2
ControlSystolic Blood Pressure142 mmHgStandard Deviation 2

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026