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The Effects of a Jump Rope Exercise Program on Vascular Health, Inflammatory Markers in Prehypertensive Adolescent Girls

The Effects of a 12-Week Jump Rope Exercise Training Program on Arterial Stiffness, Vasodilating and Vasoconstricting Factors, Inflammatory Markers, and Body Composition in Prehypertensive Adolescent Girls

Status
Completed
Phases
NA
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT03534427
Enrollment
40
Registered
2018-05-23
Start date
2011-06-05
Completion date
2012-03-21
Last updated
2020-10-29

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Abdominal Obesity, Adiposity, Blood Pressure, Prehypertension

Keywords

arterial stiffness, endothelin-1, c-reactive protein, adiposity, exercise, jump rope

Brief summary

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a 12-week jump rope exercise program on blood pressure, arterial stiffness, vasodilating and vasoconstricting factors, inflammatory markers, and body composition in prehypertensive adolescent girls. Forty prehypertensive adolescent girls participated in this study. The girls were randomly divided into the jump rope exercise intervention group (EX, n=20) and control group (CON, n=20). The EX group performed a jump rope training program at 40-70% of their heart rate reserve (HRR) 5 days/week for 12 weeks (sessions 50 minutes in duration). The CON group did not participate in any structured or unstructured exercise protocol. Blood pressure, arterial stiffness, plasma nitrate/nitrite levels, endothelin-1, C-reactive protein, and body composition were measured before and after the 12-weeks study.

Interventions

OTHERJump rope exercise intervention

12-week jump rope exercise program

Sponsors

Pusan National University
Lead SponsorOTHER

Study design

Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE

Intervention model description

exercise intervention group, control group

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
14 Years to 16 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

* prehypertensive * sedentary (no regular exercise training or physical activity within the last year) * no weight loss diet during the last six months

Exclusion criteria

* pregnancy * chronic disease * daily medication use (including antioxidants and weight loss supplements)

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Arterial Stiffness12 weeksArterial stiffness was measured as measurement of brachial to ankle pulse-wave velocity. This indicates peripheral arterial stiffness, as it measures how quickly a pulse wave propagates from one point to another.
Endothelin-112 weeksLevels of Endothelin-1 in blood were measured by Endothelin-1 enzyme immunoassay kit.
Body Mass12 weeksBody mass was measured to nearest 0.1 kg.
Height12 weeksHeight was measured to nearest 1 cm.
Waist Circumference12 weeksWaist circumference was measured at midpoint between the lower rib and the iliac crest at the end of a normal expiration using a tape measure.
Body Fat12 weeksPercent body fat (%) was determined using a bioelectrical impedance-meter.
Lean Body Mass12 weeksLean body mass (kg) was determined using a bioelectrical impedance-meter.
Nitrate/Nitrite Levels12 weeksNitrate and nitrite levels were assayed using a Griess assay kit.
C-reactive Protein12 weeksC-reactive protein was assessed using an enzyme immunoassay assay kit
Systolic Blood Pressure12 weeksBlood pressure was measured in duplicate using an automated sphygmomanometer. The average of the two was recorded as the resting blood pressure.
Diastolic Blood Pressure12 weeks—

Participant flow

Participants by arm

ArmCount
Control Group
No exercise intervention
20
Jump Rope Exercise Intervention
The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. Jump rope exercise intervention: 12-week jump rope exercise program
20
Total40

Baseline characteristics

CharacteristicControl GroupJump Rope Exercise InterventionTotal
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
20 Participants20 Participants40 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Age, Continuous15.1 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2
15.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9
15.1 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1
Arterial stiffness8.2 m/s
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.5
8.2 m/s
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1
8.2 m/s
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8
Body Fat32.7 percent
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.2
33.8 percent
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.6
33.3 percent
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.4
Body mass68 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8
69 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.4
68.5 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.7
C-reactive protein0.5 mg/L
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.3
0.5 mg/L
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.4
0.5 mg/L
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.4
Diastolic Blood Pressure82 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2
82 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.4
82 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.3
Endothelin-10.41 umol/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.21
0.37 umol/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.21
0.40 umol/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.21
Height161 cm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3
160 cm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3
160.5 cm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3
Lean Body Mass43.7 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.2
44.9 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.5
44.3 kg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.3
Nitrate/Nitrite Levels53.3 umol
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.3
54.5 umol
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.1
53.9 umol
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.7
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
20 Participants20 Participants40 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Region of Enrollment
South Korea
20 participants20 participants40 participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
20 Participants20 Participants40 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Systolic blood pressure126 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.2
126 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.3
126 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.8
Waist circumference85.3 cm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4
86.4 cm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4
85.9 cm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4

Adverse events

Event typeEG000
affected / at risk
EG001
affected / at risk
deaths
Total, all-cause mortality
0 / 200 / 20
other
Total, other adverse events
0 / 200 / 20
serious
Total, serious adverse events
0 / 200 / 20

Outcome results

Primary

Arterial Stiffness

Arterial stiffness was measured as measurement of brachial to ankle pulse-wave velocity. This indicates peripheral arterial stiffness, as it measures how quickly a pulse wave propagates from one point to another.

Time frame: 12 weeks

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Control GroupArterial Stiffness8.1 m/sStandard Deviation 0.2
Jump Rope Exercise InterventionArterial Stiffness7.4 m/sStandard Deviation 0.2
Primary

Body Fat

Percent body fat (%) was determined using a bioelectrical impedance-meter.

Time frame: 12 weeks

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Control GroupBody Fat33.5 percentStandard Deviation 3.7
Jump Rope Exercise InterventionBody Fat30.2 percentStandard Deviation 3.1
Primary

Body Mass

Body mass was measured to nearest 0.1 kg.

Time frame: 12 weeks

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Control GroupBody Mass70 kilograms (kg)Standard Deviation 8.9
Jump Rope Exercise InterventionBody Mass66 kilograms (kg)Standard Deviation 7.3
Primary

C-reactive Protein

C-reactive protein was assessed using an enzyme immunoassay assay kit

Time frame: 12 weeks

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Control GroupC-reactive Protein0.7 mg/LStandard Deviation 0.4
Jump Rope Exercise InterventionC-reactive Protein0.2 mg/LStandard Deviation 0.1
Primary

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Time frame: 12 weeks

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Control GroupDiastolic Blood Pressure84 mmHgStandard Deviation 1.9
Jump Rope Exercise InterventionDiastolic Blood Pressure80 mmHgStandard Deviation 2
Primary

Endothelin-1

Levels of Endothelin-1 in blood were measured by Endothelin-1 enzyme immunoassay kit.

Time frame: 12 weeks

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Control GroupEndothelin-10.4 umol/mLStandard Deviation 0.31
Jump Rope Exercise InterventionEndothelin-10.38 umol/mLStandard Deviation 0.33
Primary

Height

Height was measured to nearest 1 cm.

Time frame: 12 weeks

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Control GroupHeight162 cmStandard Deviation 4
Jump Rope Exercise InterventionHeight161 cmStandard Deviation 3
Primary

Lean Body Mass

Lean body mass (kg) was determined using a bioelectrical impedance-meter.

Time frame: 12 weeks

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Control GroupLean Body Mass42.8 kilograms (kg)Standard Deviation 6.5
Jump Rope Exercise InterventionLean Body Mass45.9 kilograms (kg)Standard Deviation 6.7
Primary

Nitrate/Nitrite Levels

Nitrate and nitrite levels were assayed using a Griess assay kit.

Time frame: 12 weeks

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Control GroupNitrate/Nitrite Levels53.5 umolStandard Deviation 5.2
Jump Rope Exercise InterventionNitrate/Nitrite Levels57.2 umolStandard Deviation 5.2
Primary

Systolic Blood Pressure

Blood pressure was measured in duplicate using an automated sphygmomanometer. The average of the two was recorded as the resting blood pressure.

Time frame: 12 weeks

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Control GroupSystolic Blood Pressure127 mmHgStandard Deviation 5.3
Jump Rope Exercise InterventionSystolic Blood Pressure120 mmHgStandard Deviation 2.1
Primary

Waist Circumference

Waist circumference was measured at midpoint between the lower rib and the iliac crest at the end of a normal expiration using a tape measure.

Time frame: 12 weeks

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Control GroupWaist Circumference84.4 cmStandard Deviation 5.2
Jump Rope Exercise InterventionWaist Circumference80.1 cmStandard Deviation 4.8

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026